3/2&3/3 GI Flashcards
non-selective beta-blockers
-can they cause hyper/hypokalemia?
- hyperkalemia
- inhibit the Na/K ATPase, so less K pumped into the cell, and more stays in plasma.
Overuse of diuretics can lead to
-metabolic acidosis or alkalosis
- alkalosis
- low volume = renin/aldo = potassium & H wasting = metabolic alkalosis.
- This = contraction alkalosis.
Do TB cavities usually have air-fluid levels?
-are they usually present in primary or reactivation TB?
- reactivation TB.
- usually no air-fluid levels.
Is pregnancy associated w/hyper or hypocoaguability?
hypercoag.
Osler Webber Rondu
-inheritance pattern
Auto Dom.
How does amphotericin B cause anemia?
suppression of renal EPO synthesis.
total parenteral nutrition
-affect on ALP?
-can increase ALP levels.
Granulomatous inflammation of the media
-think what disease?
Temporal (giant cell) arteritis.
Transmural inflammation of arterial wall w/fibrinoid necrosis
-think what disease?
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Gastroschisis vs omphalocele
- omphalocele is covered by peritoneum.
- omphalocele is “sealed”.
- both have inc AFP.
ant ab. wall defects:
-Rostral fold closure:
sternal defects
ant ab. wall defects:
-Lateral fold closure:
omphalocele, gastroschisis
ant ab. wall defects:
-Caudal fold closure:
bladder exstrophy
Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia—due to:
- Can lead to bilious vomitting. Not caused by abnormal fetal development.
- due to vascular accident (apple peel atresia)
Midgut development:
-6th week:
midgut herniates through umbilical ring.
Midgut development:
-10th week:
midgut returns to abdominal cavity + rotates around SMA.
TEF
-results in oligo or polyhydramnios?
polyhydramnios.
Palpable “olive” mass in epigastric region and nonbilious projectile vomiting at ≈ 2–6 weeks old.
congenital pyloric stenosis
congenital pyloric stenosis most often seen in:
firstborn males.
pancreas: derived from:
foregut
Ventral pancreatic buds contribute to:
-pancreatic head and main pancreatic duct
The uncinate process is formed by:
-the ventral bud alone
Dorsal pancreatic bud becomes:
-body, tail, isthmus, and accessory pancreatic duct.
Annular pancreas: caused by dorsal or ventral pancreatic bud?
-how does it present?
- Ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum; forms a ring of pancreatic tissue that may cause duodenal narrowing.
- recurrent bilious vomiting in infant.