378 Thyroid Nodular Disease and Thyroid Cancer

Question 1

Most common cause of diffuse goiter (H20 C378 P2710)

Answer 1

Iodine deficiency

Question 2

Diffuse goiter is termed endemic goiter in iodine-deficient areas, defined as iodine deficiency in __% of the population (H20 C378 P2710)

Answer 2

> 5%

Question 3

On ultrasound, thyroid volume exceeding this value is considered abnormal (H20 C378 P2711)

Answer 3

30 mL

Question 4

In MNG, tracheal deviation is common, but compression must usually exceed __% of the tracheal diameter before there is significant airway compromise. (H20 C378 P2711)

Answer 4

70%

Question 5

Most sensitive sonographic feature associated with thyroid cancer (H20 C378 P2712)

Answer 5

Solid consistency

Question 6

Most specific sonographic feature associated with thyroid cancer (H20 C378 P2712)

Answer 6

Marked hypoechogenicity

Question 7

Treatment of subclinical thyrotoxicosis is increasingly recommended in the elderly to prevent these outcomes [2] (H20 C378 P2711)

Answer 7

Atrial fibrillation, bone loss

Question 8

Generally the treatment of choice for toxic MNG (H20 C378 P2712)

Answer 8

Radioiodine

Question 9

Provides definitive treatment of toxic MNG (H20 C378 P2712)

Answer 9

Surgery

Question 10

Definitive diagnostic test for toxic adenoma (H20 C378 P2713)

Answer 10

Thyroid scan

Question 11

Treatment of choice of toxic adenoma (H20 C378 P2713)

Answer 11

Radioiodine ablation

Question 12

If benign thyroid nodules have not decreased in size after this duration, LT4 therapy should be discontinued (H20 C378 P2714)

Answer 12

6-12 months

Question 13

Revised AJCC guidelines revised the age cutoff for thyroid cancer to (H20 C378 P2714)

Answer 13

<55 years

Question 14

Activation of this pathway is seen in up to 70% of PTCs (H20 C378 P2715)

Answer 14

RET-RAS-BRAF signaling pathways

Question 15

Most common genetic alteration in papillary thyroid cancer (H20 C378 P2715)

Answer 15

BRAF V600E mutation

Question 16

Large clear nuclei with powdery chromatin in thyroid cancer (H20 C378 P2715)

Answer 16

Orphan Annie eye

Question 17

Follicular thyroid carcinoma can be distinguished from follicular adenoma by the: (H20 C378 P2715)

Answer 17

Presence of capsular and/or vascular invasion

Question 18

Surgery for well-differentiated intrathyroidal cancer >1 cm but <4 cm with no metastatic disease (H20 C378 P2716)

Answer 18

Lobectomy

Question 19

TSH target for well-differentianted thyroid cancer at intermediate risk of recurrence (H20 C378 P2716)

Answer 19

0.1-0.5 mIU/mL

Question 20

Ideal TSH level at the time of 131I therapy (H20 C378 P2716)

Answer 20

> 25 mIU/mL

Question 21

In addition to radioiodine, this is used to treat gross residual neck disease and vertebral metastases (H20 C378 P2716)

Answer 21

External beam radiotherapy

Question 22

Neck ultrasound is recommended to be performed how long after ablation of thyroid cancer? (H20 C378 P2716)

Answer 22

6 months

Question 23

Most common type of lymphoma in the thyroid (H20 C378 P2717)

Answer 23

Diffuse large cell

Question 24

A rapidly expanding mass suggests the possibility of this thyroid malignancy (H20 C378 P2717)

Answer 24

Thyroid lymphoma

Question 25

All patients with medullary thyroid cancer should be tested for these mutations (H20 C378 P2717)

Answer 25

RET mutations

Question 26

This disease entity should be ruled out in a patient with medullary thyroid cancer and RET mutation (H20 C378 P2717)

Answer 26

Pheochromocytoma