128 Acute Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food Poisoning Flashcards
Bacterial exotoxins that cause destruction of mucosal cells (H20 C128 P959)
Cytotoxins
Bacterial exotoxins that are responsible for the clinical manfistation of vomiting (H20 C128 P959)
Neurotoxins
Type of diarrhea where substantial increase in fecal lactoferrin is seen (H20 C128 P959)
Inflammatory
Causes of penetrating diarrheas [2] (H20 C128 P959)
S. typhi, Y. enterocolitica
Major mechanism for clearance of bacteria from the proximal small intestine (H20 C128 P960)
Normal peristalsis
People with this blood type show increased susceptibility to diseass due to V. cholerae, Shigella spp., E. coli O157, and norovirus (H20 C128 P960)
Blood group O
Stool examination for parasites is indicated when disease duration is at least (H20 C128 P961)
10 days
Onset of traveler’s diarrhea (H20 C128 P961)
3 days to 2 weeks
This cause of traveler’s diarrhea is more common in Asia (H20 C128 P961)
Campylobacter jejuni
Accounts for 1/3 of chronic diarrhea complicating acute infectious diarrhea (H20 C128 P962)
Protozoa
Guillain-Barré syndrome is particularly likely after infectious diarrhea with this organism (H20 C128 P962)
Campylobacter jejuni
Cause of traveler’s diarrhea that is resistant to chlorine treatment (H20 C128 P962)
Cryptosporidium
ETEC exotoxin that is similar to cholera toxin (H20 C128 P959)
Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)
Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) causes diarrhea by this mechanism (H20 C128 P959)
Activation of guanylate cyclase
The most common etiologic agent associated with outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (H20 C128 P962)
Norovirus
Etiologic agent associated with outbreaks of diarrhea in nurseries for newborns (H20 C128 P962)
Enteropathogenic E. coli
Exposure to this cause of infectious diarrhea is universal
Rotavirus
Patients with this condition are at particular risk to C. difficile colitis and giardiasis (H20 C128 P962)
Hypogammaglobulinemia
E. coli that may commonly be found in apple juice (H20 C128 P963)
EHEC
Selective media for cholera [2] (H20 C128 P963)
Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar, tellurite-taurocholate-gelatin agar
Isolation of C. jejuni requires incubation at this temperature (H20 C128 P963)
42 C
Mainstay of treatment of infectious diarrhea (H20 C128 P963)
Adequate hydration
Preferred antibiotic and dose if C. jejuni is suspected (H20 C128 P963)
Azithromycin 1 g single dose or 500 mg OD ×3 days
Antibiotics increase the risk of hemolytic-uremic syndrome by how much? (H20 C128 P964)
Twentyfold
Antibiotic given if prophylaxis for traveler’s diarrhea is considered (H20 C128 P964)
Rifaximin
Bismuth prophylaxis is safe for up to: (H20 C128 P964)
3 weeks
Lessens the likelihood of traveler’s diarrhea by ~15% (H20 C128 P964)
Probiotics
Post-diarrhea complication that is particularly likely after infection with invasive organisms (Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia) (H20 C128 P962)
Reactive arthritis
