128 Acute Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food Poisoning

Question 1

Bacterial exotoxins that cause destruction of mucosal cells (H20 C128 P959)

Answer 1

Cytotoxins

Question 2

Bacterial exotoxins that are responsible for the clinical manfistation of vomiting (H20 C128 P959)

Answer 2

Neurotoxins

Question 3

Type of diarrhea where substantial increase in fecal lactoferrin is seen (H20 C128 P959)

Answer 3

Inflammatory

Question 4

Causes of penetrating diarrheas [2] (H20 C128 P959)

Answer 4

S. typhi, Y. enterocolitica

Question 5

Major mechanism for clearance of bacteria from the proximal small intestine (H20 C128 P960)

Answer 5

Normal peristalsis

Question 6

People with this blood type show increased susceptibility to diseass due to V. cholerae, Shigella spp., E. coli O157, and norovirus (H20 C128 P960)

Answer 6

Blood group O

Question 7

Stool examination for parasites is indicated when disease duration is at least (H20 C128 P961)

Answer 7

10 days

Question 8

Onset of traveler’s diarrhea (H20 C128 P961)

Answer 8

3 days to 2 weeks

Question 9

This cause of traveler’s diarrhea is more common in Asia (H20 C128 P961)

Answer 9

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 10

Accounts for 1/3 of chronic diarrhea complicating acute infectious diarrhea (H20 C128 P962)

Answer 10

Protozoa

Question 11

Guillain-Barré syndrome is particularly likely after infectious diarrhea with this organism (H20 C128 P962)

Answer 11

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 12

Cause of traveler’s diarrhea that is resistant to chlorine treatment (H20 C128 P962)

Answer 12

Cryptosporidium

Question 13

ETEC exotoxin that is similar to cholera toxin (H20 C128 P959)

Answer 13

Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)

Question 14

Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) causes diarrhea by this mechanism (H20 C128 P959)

Answer 14

Activation of guanylate cyclase

Question 15

The most common etiologic agent associated with outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (H20 C128 P962)

Answer 15

Norovirus

Question 16

Etiologic agent associated with outbreaks of diarrhea in nurseries for newborns (H20 C128 P962)

Answer 16

Enteropathogenic E. coli

Question 17

Exposure to this cause of infectious diarrhea is universal

Answer 17

Rotavirus

Question 18

Patients with this condition are at particular risk to C. difficile colitis and giardiasis (H20 C128 P962)

Answer 18

Hypogammaglobulinemia

Question 19

E. coli that may commonly be found in apple juice (H20 C128 P963)

Answer 19

EHEC

Question 20

Selective media for cholera [2] (H20 C128 P963)

Answer 20

Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar, tellurite-taurocholate-gelatin agar

Question 21

Isolation of C. jejuni requires incubation at this temperature (H20 C128 P963)

Answer 21

42 C

Question 22

Mainstay of treatment of infectious diarrhea (H20 C128 P963)

Answer 22

Adequate hydration

Question 23

Preferred antibiotic and dose if C. jejuni is suspected (H20 C128 P963)

Answer 23

Azithromycin 1 g single dose or 500 mg OD ×3 days

Question 24

Antibiotics increase the risk of hemolytic-uremic syndrome by how much? (H20 C128 P964)

Answer 24

Twentyfold

Question 25

Antibiotic given if prophylaxis for traveler’s diarrhea is considered (H20 C128 P964)

Answer 25

Rifaximin

Question 26

Bismuth prophylaxis is safe for up to: (H20 C128 P964)

Answer 26

3 weeks

Question 27

Lessens the likelihood of traveler’s diarrhea by ~15% (H20 C128 P964)

Answer 27

Probiotics

Question 28

Post-diarrhea complication that is particularly likely after infection with invasive organisms (Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia) (H20 C128 P962)

Answer 28

Reactive arthritis