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CPT (NFPT) > 3.6: Prime Movers: Major Skeletal Muscles > Flashcards

3.6: Prime Movers: Major Skeletal Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

Prime movers are also known as _____

A

agonists

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2
Q

What are prime movers?

A

Primarily responsible for the movement. They create the ROM in a joint.

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3
Q

These muscles act to return a limb to its original place, they oppose the movement of the agonist.

A

Antagonists

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4
Q

These muscles neutralize the extra motion from the agonists; they provide balance and make sure the motion is in the desired plane of motion

A

Synergists (neutralizers)

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5
Q

These muscles provide stabilization to support the rest of the body during the movement

A

Fixators (stabilizers)

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6
Q

What is a ‘simple movement’ ?

A

When there is movement that uses only one joint to target only one muscle

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7
Q

What is a ‘compound movement’ ?

A

When there is a movement that uses more than one joint and targets more than one muscle/group

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8
Q

What are the primary functions of the pectorals?

A

adduct, flex, and medially rotate the arm at the shoulder joint

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9
Q

What is the main function of the Pectoralis Major?

A

Adduction and flexion of the humerus

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10
Q

What is the main function of the Pectoralis Minor?

A

Depresses and protracts the scapula

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11
Q

Deltoids are the prime movers for ___ ______.

A

arm abduction

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12
Q

The deltoids insert together at the _______.

A

deltoid tuberosity (the middle anterior surface of the humerus)

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13
Q

What is the main function of the deltoids?

A

abduction of the humerus; medial rotation of the humerus

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14
Q

What is the main function of the posterior deltoid?

A

horizontal abduction; extension abduction and external rotation of the shoulder joint

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15
Q

The ______ is located under the deltoids.

A

rotator cuff

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16
Q

The rotator cuff is a group of ___ muscles.

A

4

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17
Q

This rotator cuff muscle abducts the arm.

A

Supraspinatus

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18
Q

These two rotator cuff muscles externally rotate the arm.

A

Infraspinatus and the Teres Minor

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19
Q

This rotator cuff muscle internally rotates the humerus.

A

Subscapularis

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20
Q

Where do the biceps originate from and insert to?

A

Originate from the scapula, then stretch downward to form one single muscle inserting to the medial part of the forearm.

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21
Q

How do the biceps act as a prime mover?

A

Supination of the forearm and flexion of the elbow

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22
Q

Where do all three heads of the triceps join/insert to?

A

Proximal end of the ulna at the elbow

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23
Q

How do triceps act as prime movers?

A

Extension of the elbow

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24
Q

What side of the forearms are extensors?

A

posterior

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25
Q

What side of the forearms are flexors?

A

anterior

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26
Q

How many muscles does the adductor consist of?

A

6—adductor longus, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracilis, adductor brevis, obturator externus

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27
Q

What is the main function of the adductors?

A

Brings legs across midline of body

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28
Q

How many muscles of the Quadriceps?

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

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29
Q

All of the quad muscles originate from the femur except ______.

A

Rectus femoris—originates from the ilium

30
Q

The quad tendon becomes the _____ ligament.

A

patellar

31
Q

What is the main function of the quads?

A

Extension at the knee joint

32
Q

How many muscles of the hamstrings?

A

3—-biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

33
Q

What is the main function of the hamstrings?

A

Flexion of the knee and aids in hip extension

34
Q

What are the two muscles of the calves?
How many heads are there?

A

gastrocnemus (medial and lateral) and soleus; 3

35
Q

What is the main function of the calves?

A

Plantar flexion of the foot and stabilization of the ankle

35
Q

How many muscles of the Gluteals?

A

3—-gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and minimus

36
Q

What is the primary function of the gluteus maximus?

A

hip extension

37
Q

What is the primary function of the gluteal medius and minimus?

A

abduction

38
Q

What is the main function of the gluteals?

A

Stabilization of the pelvis

39
Q

What is the Lateral Rotator Group?

A

6 muscles of the hip in the gluteal region that laterally rotate the femur at the hip joint.

40
Q

How many layers does the abdominals have?

A

3

41
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the abdominals?

A

Rectus (straight), External obliques, Internal obliques, Transversus (across)

42
Q

What bodily functions do abdominals perform and assist with?

A

breathing, protection of organs, postural support, multi-directional movement of the body/parts

43
Q

What is the Rectus abdominis?

A

flat, long muscle extending the entire length of the abdomen “6-pack”

44
Q

What is the main function of the rectus abdominis?

A

lumbar spine flexion

45
Q

What are the External obliques?

A

Largest and outermost muscles of the abdomen (superficial)

46
Q

What is the main function of the external obliques?

A

bilateral and lateral flexion of the trunk; unilateral rotation of the torso (to the opposite side)

47
Q

What are the Internal obliques?

A

run below (deep) and perpendicular to the external obliques

48
Q

What is the main function of the internal obliques?

A

Bilateral and lateral flexion of the trunk; unilateral rotation of the torso (to the same side)

49
Q

What are the Transversus abdominals?

A

run below (deep) the internal obliques–innermost muscle of abdominals

50
Q

What is the main function of the transversus abdominals?

A

Stabilizes the trunk

51
Q

What are the 5 muscle groups of the back?

A

Latissimus dorsi, teres major, rhomboids, trapezius, erector spinae (lower back)

52
Q

The widest most powerful muscle in the back is the ________.

A

Latissimus Dorsi (Lats)

53
Q

What are the main functions of the lats?

A

Extension, internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder joint.

54
Q

What is the teres major?

A

A muscle of the upper back/extremity

55
Q

What are the rhomboids (major/minor)?

A

Rhombus shaped muscles originating from the neck and insert at the boarder of the scapula

56
Q

What is the main function of the rhomboids?

A

Retraction of the scapula

57
Q

What is the Trapezius?

A

Flat, triangular muscle the that has three functional areas that rotate, elevate and retract the scapula (superior, middle, inferior)

58
Q

What is the superior (upper) trap function?

A

upward rotation, elevation, cervical spine extension (bilaterally); (unilaterally) cervical spine lateral flexion, cervical spine rotation

59
Q

What is the middle trap function?

A

retraction

60
Q

What is the inferior (lower) trap function?

A

depression, downward rotation

61
Q

How many major muscles make up the erector spinae?

A

3—-iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

62
Q

In the cervical region the erector spinae attach at the ________.

A

base of the skull

63
Q

What is the main function of the erector spinae?

A

lumbar extension

64
Q

The core is where the body’s _______ is derived.

A

Power

65
Q

The erector spinae is the foundation of the ________.

A

core

66
Q

What are the multifidus?

A

deep spinal muscles that run from the cervical spine to the sacrum. They allow for extension and provide stability of joints at discs of the spine.

67
Q

What are interpsinales, intertransversarii, and rotatores?

A

Deep structures that attach directly to the spinal column. Important for rotational motion and lateral stability.

68
Q

How many parts of the core are there? Name them?

A

9—–erector Spinae, external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, latissimus dorsi, quadratus lumborum, thoracolumbar fascia, abdominal fascia

69
Q

What does the Quadratus Lumborum do?

A

Stabilizes the lumbar spine in all planes of motion while stabilizing the 12th rib

70
Q

What dos the Thoracolumbar Fasica do?

A

Connects the lats, glutes, internal obliques and transverse abdominis. Support lumbar spine and load transfer though lumbar and thoracic regions

71
Q

What does the abdominal fascia do?

A

3 layered membrane that covers the deep muscles of the back. Connects to the obliques, rectus abdominis and pectoralis major. Transmit forces to the muscles opposite side.

CPT (NFPT) (25 decks)

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