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CPT (NFPT) > 2: Basic Human Anatomy > Flashcards

2: Basic Human Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Muscles are made of special ________ that contract when they receive a signal from the brain.

A

tissues

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2
Q

Strong connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.

A

tendons

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3
Q

Point at which muscle joins stationary bone

A

origin

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4
Q

point at which the muscle joins the moving bone

A

insertion

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5
Q

How many muscles do adults have?

A

656

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6
Q

How many muscles are voluntary?

A

430

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7
Q

How many bones do adults have?

A

206; (born with 350)

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8
Q

Voluntary muscles are also ________ muscles.

A

skeletal

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9
Q

Involuntary muscles are also ______ and _______ types.

A

smooth and cardiac

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10
Q

What does the skeletal system do?

A

Protects vital organs;
Supports framework/give upright shape;
Produces red/white blood cells in bone marrow;
Stores minerals and fats;
Regulates mineral balance and releases them in blood as needed

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11
Q

Rounded nodules on bones that act as sites for muscle insertions

A

tubercles

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12
Q

Location where two or more bones come together

A

joint

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13
Q

Joints are held together by tissue called

A

ligaments

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14
Q

_______ covers the ends of each bone

A

Cartilage

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15
Q

Cartilage covered ends of bones are kept apart by a thin film of slippery fluid called ____________.

A

synovial fluid

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16
Q

On average the body contains ________ liters of blood

A

4-5

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17
Q

In addition to oxygen, nutrients and waste—blood carries _______.

A

horomones

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18
Q

Blood enters the ______ side of the heart from ______ and is dark _____ low in _______.

A

right; veins; bluish; oxygen

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19
Q

Blood travels from the ______ side of the heart along __________ to the lungs.

A

right; arteries

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20
Q

Once blood gets more oxygen from the lunges, it travels through ________ to the heart’s _______ side.

A

veins; left

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21
Q

After red/oxygen rich blood flows to the heart, it then leaves again through _________ to the rest of the body.

A

arteries

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22
Q

_______ gradually divide into ________, which form a network of blood vessels between arterioles and venules.

A

Arteries; capillaries

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23
Q

_____ carry blood to the heart while _______ carries oxygenated blood away.

A

veins; arteries

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24
Q

The respiratory system deals with _______.

A

breathing

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25
Q

Small sacs called _______ are found at the end of each bronchiole

A

alveoli

26
Q

__________ wrap around alveoli and oxygen seeps through and into the bloodstream

A

capillaries

27
Q

Breathing is controlled by a muscle under the lungs called the ________.

A

diaphragm

28
Q

The brain is the center of the ___________.

A

Nerous system

29
Q

The nervous system is divided into a _________ and ________.

A

(CNS) Central nervous system AND (PNS) Peripheral nervous system

30
Q

What is the Central Nervous System?

A

Processing ‘hub’ that sends and receives info to and from the entire body (brain and spinal cord)

31
Q

What is the Peripheral nervous system?

A

Nerves that attach the CNS to the body’s organs and extremities

32
Q

What is the sub level of the PNS?

A

(ANS) Autonomic nervous system—operates involuntary motor nerves processes

33
Q

What is the longer nerve of a nerve cell called?

A

Axon

34
Q

Electrical impulses travel along the axon and jump across ______ to other nerve cells.

A

syanapses

35
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

When the esophagus moves food by waves of muscle contractions

36
Q

What two systems is the pancreas part of?

A

digestive and endocrine

37
Q

What does the pancreas do in the digestive system?

A

Makes powerful juices called enzymes that further breaks down food as it enters the small intestines

38
Q

What is the stomach?

A

thick muscles which contract to mash up food, secretes strong protein juices that attack food and absorb nutrients

39
Q

What does the gall bladder do?

A

Stores fluid called Bile which flows into the small intestine to break down fatty foods

40
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Where most of the absorption of nutrients occurs.

41
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Receives blood from intestines full of nutrients and other products from digestion.

42
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Absorbs useful substances leftover and puts back into blood. Remains are formed into semi-solid waste product.

43
Q

What does the rectum and anus do?

A

Rectum stores feces and squeezed through anus out of the body

44
Q

What are the lines of defense of the immune system?

A

skin; linings of respiratory and digestive passageways; blood-clotting; white cells; thymus gland in the chest and small lymph nodes/glands

45
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Act as filters throughout the body and fill up with extra white blood cells and “dead” pathogens.

46
Q

What is the Thymus Gland?

A

Produces and “educates” T-cells which attack foreign substances. Most active during childhood and then break up into islands of fatty tissue.

47
Q

What is the spleen?

A

Behind the stomach, makes and stores various kinds of white and red blood cells. A blood filter.

48
Q

What are tonsils and adenoids?

A

Tonsils are patches of lymph tissue on the upper rear of the throat. Adenoids are similar in rear of nasal cavity of nose.

49
Q

Where can white blood cells be found in the immune system?

A

Lymph Nodes, thymus gland, spleen, tonsils and adenoids

50
Q

What is the Endocrine system?

A

glands that communicate and maintain homeostasis using specific hormone secretions into the bloodstream

51
Q

What are some regulated functions of the endocrine system?

A

mood, sleep, growth and development and metabolism

52
Q

What are the glands of the endocrine system?

A

Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary/testis

53
Q

What gland is the “master” endocrine gland?

A

Pituitary gland—junction of the nervous system and endocrine system come together at the hypothalamus—also responsible for ANS

54
Q

What functions does pituitary gland control?

A

skeletal growth, development of sex glands, blood pressure and pain relief and regulation of other glands

55
Q

What does the thyroid gland do?

A

Controls how quickly body uses energy and regulates metabolism

56
Q

What does the adrenal gland do?

A

synthesizes and releases hormones in response to stress

57
Q

What does the pineal gland do?

A

Produces melatonin effecting sleep

58
Q

What does the pancreas do in endocrine system?

A

secretes hormones insulin and glucagon for blood sugar regulation

59
Q

Unlike endocrine glands that secrete directly to the blood stream, exocrine glands excrete their product through _______.

A

ducts

60
Q

What is the Integumentary system?

A

Protects body, consist of fat, skin, hair and nails

61
Q

Urinary system is also known as the _________.

A

Renal system

62
Q

What does the urinary system do aside from supporting elimination of waste?

A

regulation of blood volume/pressure/pH and controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites

CPT (NFPT) (25 decks)

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