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CPT (NFPT) > 2: Basic Human Anatomy > Flashcards

2: Basic Human Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles are made of special ________ that contract when they receive a signal from the brain.

A

tissues

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2
Q

Strong connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.

A

tendons

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3
Q

Point at which muscle joins stationary bone

A

origin

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4
Q

point at which the muscle joins the moving bone

A

insertion

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5
Q

How many muscles do adults have?

A

656

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6
Q

How many muscles are voluntary?

A

430

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7
Q

How many bones do adults have?

A

206; (born with 350)

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8
Q

Voluntary muscles are also ________ muscles.

A

skeletal

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9
Q

Involuntary muscles are also ______ and _______ types.

A

smooth and cardiac

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10
Q

What does the skeletal system do?

A

Protects vital organs;
Supports framework/give upright shape;
Produces red/white blood cells in bone marrow;
Stores minerals and fats;
Regulates mineral balance and releases them in blood as needed

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11
Q

Rounded nodules on bones that act as sites for muscle insertions

A

tubercles

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12
Q

Location where two or more bones come together

A

joint

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13
Q

Joints are held together by tissue called

A

ligaments

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14
Q

_______ covers the ends of each bone

A

Cartilage

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15
Q

Cartilage covered ends of bones are kept apart by a thin film of slippery fluid called ____________.

A

synovial fluid

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16
Q

On average the body contains ________ liters of blood

A

4-5

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17
Q

In addition to oxygen, nutrients and waste—blood carries _______.

A

horomones

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18
Q

Blood enters the ______ side of the heart from ______ and is dark _____ low in _______.

A

right; veins; bluish; oxygen

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19
Q

Blood travels from the ______ side of the heart along __________ to the lungs.

A

right; arteries

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20
Q

Once blood gets more oxygen from the lunges, it travels through ________ to the heart’s _______ side.

A

veins; left

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21
Q

After red/oxygen rich blood flows to the heart, it then leaves again through _________ to the rest of the body.

A

arteries

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22
Q

_______ gradually divide into ________, which form a network of blood vessels between arterioles and venules.

A

Arteries; capillaries

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23
Q

_____ carry blood to the heart while _______ carries oxygenated blood away.

A

veins; arteries

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24
Q

The respiratory system deals with _______.

A

breathing

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25
Small sacs called _______ are found at the end of each bronchiole
alveoli
26
__________ wrap around alveoli and oxygen seeps through and into the bloodstream
capillaries
27
Breathing is controlled by a muscle under the lungs called the ________.
diaphragm
28
The brain is the center of the ___________.
Nerous system
29
The nervous system is divided into a _________ and ________.
(CNS) Central nervous system AND (PNS) Peripheral nervous system
30
What is the Central Nervous System?
Processing 'hub' that sends and receives info to and from the entire body (brain and spinal cord)
31
What is the Peripheral nervous system?
Nerves that attach the CNS to the body's organs and extremities
32
What is the sub level of the PNS?
(ANS) Autonomic nervous system---operates involuntary motor nerves processes
33
What is the longer nerve of a nerve cell called?
Axon
34
Electrical impulses travel along the axon and jump across ______ to other nerve cells.
syanapses
35
What is peristalsis?
When the esophagus moves food by waves of muscle contractions
36
What two systems is the pancreas part of?
digestive and endocrine
37
What does the pancreas do in the digestive system?
Makes powerful juices called enzymes that further breaks down food as it enters the small intestines
38
What is the stomach?
thick muscles which contract to mash up food, secretes strong protein juices that attack food and absorb nutrients
39
What does the gall bladder do?
Stores fluid called Bile which flows into the small intestine to break down fatty foods
40
What does the small intestine do?
Where most of the absorption of nutrients occurs.
41
What does the liver do?
Receives blood from intestines full of nutrients and other products from digestion.
42
What does the large intestine do?
Absorbs useful substances leftover and puts back into blood. Remains are formed into semi-solid waste product.
43
What does the rectum and anus do?
Rectum stores feces and squeezed through anus out of the body
44
What are the lines of defense of the immune system?
skin; linings of respiratory and digestive passageways; blood-clotting; white cells; thymus gland in the chest and small lymph nodes/glands
45
What are lymph nodes?
Act as filters throughout the body and fill up with extra white blood cells and "dead" pathogens.
46
What is the Thymus Gland?
Produces and "educates" T-cells which attack foreign substances. Most active during childhood and then break up into islands of fatty tissue.
47
What is the spleen?
Behind the stomach, makes and stores various kinds of white and red blood cells. A blood filter.
48
What are tonsils and adenoids?
Tonsils are patches of lymph tissue on the upper rear of the throat. Adenoids are similar in rear of nasal cavity of nose.
49
Where can white blood cells be found in the immune system?
Lymph Nodes, thymus gland, spleen, tonsils and adenoids
50
What is the Endocrine system?
glands that communicate and maintain homeostasis using specific hormone secretions into the bloodstream
51
What are some regulated functions of the endocrine system?
mood, sleep, growth and development and metabolism
52
What are the glands of the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary/testis
53
What gland is the "master" endocrine gland?
Pituitary gland---junction of the nervous system and endocrine system come together at the hypothalamus---also responsible for ANS
54
What functions does pituitary gland control?
skeletal growth, development of sex glands, blood pressure and pain relief and regulation of other glands
55
What does the thyroid gland do?
Controls how quickly body uses energy and regulates metabolism
56
What does the adrenal gland do?
synthesizes and releases hormones in response to stress
57
What does the pineal gland do?
Produces melatonin effecting sleep
58
What does the pancreas do in endocrine system?
secretes hormones insulin and glucagon for blood sugar regulation
59
Unlike endocrine glands that secrete directly to the blood stream, exocrine glands excrete their product through _______.
ducts
60
What is the Integumentary system?
Protects body, consist of fat, skin, hair and nails
61
Urinary system is also known as the _________.
Renal system
62
What does the urinary system do aside from supporting elimination of waste?
regulation of blood volume/pressure/pH and controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites

CPT (NFPT) (25 decks)

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