3.2: Biomechanical Movement

Question 1

study of anatomy, physiology and mechanics of human movement (human kenetics)

Answer 1

Kinesiology

Question 2

scientific study of life and living matter (including structure and function)

Answer 2

Biology

Question 3

Branch of biomechanics that specifically studies the time taken to carry out an activity

Answer 3

Kinematics

Question 4

Kinesiology applied to the biological function of human movement, focuses on the effects of the “forces of life”, external and internal, on human mechanics

Answer 4

Biomechanics

Question 5

movement away from the body or midline

Answer 5

Abduction

Question 6

movement toward the body or midline

Answer 6

Adduction

Question 7

bending of a joint that decreases the angle

Answer 7

Flexion

Question 8

straightening of a joint that increases the angle

Answer 8

Extension

Question 9

motion of a circular movement (uses ball and socket joint)

Answer 9

Circumduction

Question 10

2 types of movement:
1) movement of the body part about its axis turning inward or toward the center/midline of the body
2) movement of the body part turning outward to away from the center/midline

Answer 10

internal and external rotation

Question 11

forward (anterior) movement of a scapula

Answer 11

Protraction or scapular abduction

Question 12

backward (posterior) movement of scapula

Answer 12

Retraction or scapular adduction

Question 13

Extension that is less than normal, under extended

Answer 13

Hypoextension

Question 14

Extension beyond normal limits, over extended

Answer 14

Hyperextension

Question 15

Movement of non-angular joints over each other

Answer 15

Gliding

Question 16

Departure from the midline

Answer 16

Deviation

Question 17

palm of hand turning downward into posterior position

Answer 17

Pronation

Question 18

Palm of hand turning upward into anterior position

Answer 18

Supination

Question 19

Turning both feet inward so soles face each other

Answer 19

Inversion

Question 20

Turning both feet outward to soles face away

Answer 20

Eversion

Question 21

(ankle) pointing foot up towards the shin

Answer 21

Dorsiflexion

Question 22

(ankle) pointing foot downward

Answer 22

Plantar flexion

Question 23

What are the 4 main types of muscle contractions?

Answer 23

Isometric, Isokinetic, isotonic concentric, isotonic eccentric

Question 24

contraction where the load of the muscle is greater than the generated tension. Tension is developed but no mechanical work is done.

Answer 24

Isometric

Question 25

contraction where the muscle contracts and shortens at a constant rate of speed allowing the muscle to gain strength EVENLY through the entire ROM. (Needs special equipment that knows to increase/decrease load for even tension)

Answer 25

Isokinetic

Question 26

simple contraction where the load on the muscle is less than the generated tension resulting in movement taking place

Answer 26

Isotonic

Question 27

causes muscle belly to decrease/shorten in length, angle at joint to decrease

Answer 27

Isotonic Concentric

Question 28

causes muscle belly to increase/lengthen, angle at joint increase (voluntary or involuntary)

Answer 28

Isotonic Eccentric