3.4: Skeletal Parts

Question 1

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

Answer 1

Vertebral Column, Skull (Auditory Ossicles), Hyoid, Ribs and Sternum

Question 2

What does the Appendicular Skelton consist of?

Answer 2

Upper and Lower extemities

Question 3

How many bones are in the ADULT human body?

Answer 3

206

Question 4

What are the bone cells called that BREAK DOWN bone?

Answer 4

osteoclasts

Question 5

What are the bone cells called that BUILD UP bone?

Answer 5

osteoblasts

Question 6

What are the 5 bone types?

Answer 6

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid

Question 7

What are long bones?

Answer 7

Make up limb/extremities and crucial for load bearing and mobility of our body.

Question 8

What are some examples of long bones?

Answer 8

clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 9

Long bones consist of a body called _________.

Answer 9

diaphysis

Question 10

What is the end part of a long bone called?

Answer 10

Epiphyses

Question 11

What is the “spongy” bone in the middle of the bone cavity, with porous areas, called?

Answer 11

Cancellous bone

Question 12

What are short bones?

Answer 12

Intended for strength and compactness, providing stability and support but limited movement.

Question 13

What is the thin, dense layer in short bones called which covers the cancellous tissue?

Answer 13

periosteum

Question 14

What are some examples of short bones?

Answer 14

tarsals and carpals

Question 15

What are the structure of flat bones?

Answer 15

Broad, flat plates made up of two thin layers of compact tissue with cancellous bone in between.

Question 16

What is the function of flat bones?

Answer 16

Protection and provision for muscular attachment

Question 17

What are some examples of flat bones?

Answer 17

cranium, scapula, sternum, ribs, ilium

Question 18

What is the function of Irregular bones?

Answer 18

Odd-shaped bones which function as a point of attachment for various muscle as well as protection for the nervous system?

Question 19

What is the structure of irregular bones?

Answer 19

Like long bones they contain a central cavity of cancellous bone. The outside layers are thin and compact bone

Question 20

What are some examples of Irregular bones?

Answer 20

vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, mandible, hyoid

Question 21

What are Sesamoid bones?

Answer 21

Found where tendon passes over a joint; embedded in tendons, increasing mechanical advantage and protecting tendons from flattening in the joint.

Question 22

What are some examples of sesamoid bones?

Answer 22

often found in tendons and ligaments,
joint bones in hands, knee and feet

Question 23

How many vertebrae does the adult spine contain?

Answer 23

24 plus the sacrum and coccyx

Question 24

What are 4 parts of the spine?

Answer 24

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral

Question 25

What does the Cervical spine do?

Answer 25

Protects nerves coming from brain to the body

Question 26

How many vertebrae does the Cervical spine consist of?

Answer 26

7 (C1-C7)

Question 27

What does the Thoracic spine do?

Answer 27

Provides firm attachment of rib cage, protecting vital organs. Little mobility for structural support.

Question 28

How many vertebrae does the Thoracic spine consist of?

Answer 28

12 (T1-T12)

Question 29

What does the Lumbar spine do?

Answer 29

Provides mobility and structural support of the torso

Question 30

How many vertebrae does the Lumbar spine have?

Answer 30

5 (L1-L5)

Question 31

What does the Sacral Region do?

Answer 31

Connects the spine to the lower half of the body; Fused portion that forms center of pelvis/supports back wall of pelvis.

Question 32

What is the coccyx?

Answer 32

End point of attachment for various ligament, tendons and muscles; serves to distribute weight when sitting

Question 33

What is the Ilium?

Answer 33

Upper most pelvic bone in two divisible parts. Connects to sacrum at sacroiliac joint.

Question 34

What is the Ischium?

Answer 34

Below the Ilium and behind the pubis. Strongest of the hip bones.

Question 35

What is the Pubis?

Answer 35

Where the left and right hip bones join.