3.4: Skeletal Parts Flashcards
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
Vertebral Column, Skull (Auditory Ossicles), Hyoid, Ribs and Sternum
What does the Appendicular Skelton consist of?
Upper and Lower extemities
How many bones are in the ADULT human body?
206
What are the bone cells called that BREAK DOWN bone?
osteoclasts
What are the bone cells called that BUILD UP bone?
osteoblasts
What are the 5 bone types?
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid
What are long bones?
Make up limb/extremities and crucial for load bearing and mobility of our body.
What are some examples of long bones?
clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges
Long bones consist of a body called _________.
diaphysis
What is the end part of a long bone called?
Epiphyses
What is the “spongy” bone in the middle of the bone cavity, with porous areas, called?
Cancellous bone
What are short bones?
Intended for strength and compactness, providing stability and support but limited movement.
What is the thin, dense layer in short bones called which covers the cancellous tissue?
periosteum
What are some examples of short bones?
tarsals and carpals
What are the structure of flat bones?
Broad, flat plates made up of two thin layers of compact tissue with cancellous bone in between.
What is the function of flat bones?
Protection and provision for muscular attachment
What are some examples of flat bones?
cranium, scapula, sternum, ribs, ilium
What is the function of Irregular bones?
Odd-shaped bones which function as a point of attachment for various muscle as well as protection for the nervous system?
What is the structure of irregular bones?
Like long bones they contain a central cavity of cancellous bone. The outside layers are thin and compact bone
What are some examples of Irregular bones?
vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, mandible, hyoid
What are Sesamoid bones?
Found where tendon passes over a joint; embedded in tendons, increasing mechanical advantage and protecting tendons from flattening in the joint.
What are some examples of sesamoid bones?
often found in tendons and ligaments,
joint bones in hands, knee and feet
How many vertebrae does the adult spine contain?
24 plus the sacrum and coccyx
What are 4 parts of the spine?
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral
What does the Cervical spine do?
Protects nerves coming from brain to the body
How many vertebrae does the Cervical spine consist of?
7 (C1-C7)
What does the Thoracic spine do?
Provides firm attachment of rib cage, protecting vital organs. Little mobility for structural support.
How many vertebrae does the Thoracic spine consist of?
12 (T1-T12)
What does the Lumbar spine do?
Provides mobility and structural support of the torso
How many vertebrae does the Lumbar spine have?
5 (L1-L5)
What does the Sacral Region do?
Connects the spine to the lower half of the body; Fused portion that forms center of pelvis/supports back wall of pelvis.
What is the coccyx?
End point of attachment for various ligament, tendons and muscles; serves to distribute weight when sitting
What is the Ilium?
Upper most pelvic bone in two divisible parts. Connects to sacrum at sacroiliac joint.
What is the Ischium?
Below the Ilium and behind the pubis. Strongest of the hip bones.
What is the Pubis?
Where the left and right hip bones join.
