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Musculoskeletal > 3.5.1 Calcium Metabolism > Flashcards

3.5.1 Calcium Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clinical process of managing hypercalcemia?

A
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2
Q

What is the role of calcium?

A

Co-factor for enzymatic processes/ ion for cellular function

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3
Q

What is the IMAGING study for osteoporosis?

A
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4
Q

What is the activation of Vitamin D pathway?

A
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5
Q

40 year old woman appears in clinic with the following labs. What is the cause?

A
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of citrate?

A
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7
Q

What is the managment of severe hypercalcemia?

A

Volume expansion with isotonic saline

Administer calcitonin

Administer IV bisphosphonate

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of bisphosphonates?

A

Bisphosphonate therapy targets the osteoclast, the cell that is the initiator of bone resorption. During bone resorption, osteoclasts take up the bisphosphonate. The bisphosphonate inhibits an enzyme within osteoclasts; this inhibition ultimately leads osteoclast inactivation and decreased bone resorption.

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9
Q

Fill in this chart

A
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Denosumab?

A
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11
Q

How would you interpret a BMD?

A
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12
Q

What is the long term management of hypocalcemia?

A
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13
Q

40 year old female who was found to have elevated calcium on lab. Also has normal albumin. What is the cause?

A

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

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14
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Teriparatide?

A
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16
Q

40 year old woman presents with the following labs. What is the diagnosis?

A

Possible malignancy

17
Q

What is the etiology of primary hyperparathyroidism?

A
18
Q

What are the characteristics of PTH?

A
19
Q

What is the most likely cause of his hypocalcemia?

A

C

20
Q

What are some of the lifestyle choices to promote good bone health.

A
21
Q

What is the management of mild hypercalcemia?

A

No immediate treatment

22
Q

What are the characteristics of post-surgical hypocalcemia?

A
23
Q

Compare age and bone mass.

A
24
Q

25 year old has surgery to remove thyroid. 24 hrs post-op she is noting to have perioral numbness and hand cramping. What is the likely cause?

A

Hypocalcemia from post-surgical hypoparathyroidism.

25
Q

Describe the relationship between PTH and Ca2+?

A
26
Q

What are the characteristics of Paget’s Disease?

A
27
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary osteoporosis?

A

Primary - unrelated to chronic illness; Related to aging and decreased gonadal function.

Secondary - Secondary to chronic illness/meds that cause accelerated bone loss; glucocorticoid use, hyperthyroidism

28
Q

What are the characteristics of osteomalacia?

A
29
Q

What are some of the pharamacologic treatments of low bone mass?

A
30
Q

Describe the different calcium supplements?

A
31
Q
A
32
Q

Desribe the action of PTH on various organs in the body

A
33
Q

What are some of the symptoms of hypocalcemia?

A

In our patients with hypocalcemia, we are going to hear about or elicit symptoms of neuomuscular irritability:

Peri-oral paraesthesias

Muscle twitching

Carpopedal spasms

34
Q

23 year old was in car wreck. She receive massive transfusion of blood products. She was noted to have tetany. What is the cause of her tetany?

A

Citrate in the blood products binding calcium resulting in a low ionized calcium concentration.

35
Q

Describe the acute management of Hypocalcemia?

A
36
Q

Compare osteomalacia and Rickets.

A
37
Q

What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia?

A

Patients with hypercalcemia may be asymptomatic with the finding picked up on routine lab. However, with significant elevation of calcium levels, we can see renal / skeletal / gastrointestinal / neuropsychiatric complications.

38
Q

What are the characteristics of Vitamin D Action?

A

Musculoskeletal (53 decks)

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