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Musculoskeletal > 1.4.2 Hand > Flashcards

1.4.2 Hand Flashcards

1
Q

A continuation from the antebrachial fascia and the fascia of the dorsal hand, thin on thenar and hypothenar regions, thick in the center to form the ____.

A

Palmar aponeurosis

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2
Q

What is blended by the palmar aponeurosis? (Hint: a tendon and ligament)

A

Palmar carpal ligament and the palmar longus tendon

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3
Q

What are the two different orientations of the fibrous digital sheath?

A

Annular (ring-like) and cruciform parts

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4
Q

Lies deep to the palmar aponeurosis and palmaris longus tendon. It is also part of the palmar fascia.

A

Flexor Retinaculum

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5
Q

What forms the “roof” of the “Carpal tunnel”?

A

Flexor retinaculum

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6
Q

Where are the carpal tunnel and Guyon’s canal in relation to one another?

A
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7
Q

What side of the hand is typically affected by Dupuytren’s Contracture?

A

Medial side - 4th and 5th fingers

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8
Q

What is the classic population to get Dupuytren’s contracture?

A

Bilateral, male, over 50

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9
Q

What is Dupuytren’s contracture?

A

Progressive shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of the palmar fascia and aponeurosis.

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10
Q

What is the treatment for dupuytren’s?

A

Collagenase injections; surgical if injections don’t reduce enough of the fibrosis

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11
Q

What seperates the hypothenar compartment from the potential midpalmar space?

A

Medial fibrous septum

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12
Q

What seperates the thenar compartment from the potential thenar space?

A

lateral fibrous septum

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13
Q

What are the five compartments of the hand and their location?

A

Thenar, Hypothenar, Central, Adductor, Interosseus

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14
Q

What are the five compartments of the hand that house the intrinsic muscles?

A

Thenar, hypothenar, central, interosseus, and adductor

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15
Q

Which muscle in the hand is not within any of the compartments of the hand?

A

Palmaris brevis; runs superficially above the hypothenar

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16
Q

What helps form the thenar eminence and chief function is to oppose the thumb?

A

Thenar muscles?

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17
Q

What are the three thenar muscles?

A

Abductor policis brevis, flexor policis brevis, and opponens policis

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18
Q

Which thenar muscle is responsible for a little abduction of the thumb and assisting in the early stages of opposition?

A

Abductor policis brevis

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19
Q

What innervates the majority of the thenar muscles? What is the exception?

A

Median nerve;

the deep head of the flexor policis brevis is innervated by the ulnar nerve

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20
Q

Name the thenar muscles from superficial to deep?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis

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21
Q

Identify these origins and insertions

A
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22
Q

What are the three hypothenar muscles?

A

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi

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23
Q

Which hypothenar muscle is the most superficial and ulnar (medial)?

A

abductor digiti minimi

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24
Q

What is the function of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abduction of the 5th digit

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25
Q

Which muscle lies lateral to the abductor digiti minimi? Its function?

A

The flexor digiti minimi; Flexes the 5th digit

26
Q

Which hypothenar muscle lies the deepest? It’s function?

A

Opponens digiti minimi; allows for opposition of the 5th digit

27
Q

Which group of muscles is responsible for the “L” or “Z” movement?

A

Lumbricals

28
Q

Describe the innervation of the lumbricals?

A

1 & 2nd: Median nerve

3 & 4: Ulnar Nerve

29
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the lumbricals?

A

Originate from the tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon

Insert on lateral sides of extensor expansion

30
Q

What is the two 1 1/2s and two 3 1/2s rule?

A
31
Q

If the ulnar nerve is injured, how would the “z” move look? (hint: lumbricals)

A

The claw hand

(The lumbricals are dual innervated - with the 4th and 5th digits being innervated by the ulnar nerve)

32
Q

Name this muscle

A

Adductor Pollicis

33
Q

What innervates adductor pollicis?

A

Ulnar nerve

34
Q

What function is mediated by the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduct the digits

Dorsal ABducts (DAB)

35
Q

What innervates the dorsal interossei?

A

All are innervated by the ulnar nerve

36
Q

What function is mediated by the palmar interossei?

A

Adducts the digits

Palmar ADduct (PAD)

37
Q

Give a summary of all the intrinsic muscles of the hand and their compartment.

A
38
Q

The tendons of these two extrinsic hand muscles are enclosed in a common flexor synovial sheath?

A

FDS and FDP

39
Q

Compare the insertions of the flexors vs. extensors.

A
40
Q

What type of injury could lead to tenosynovitis?

A

Puncture wound (ie. rusty nail)

41
Q

Name this condition.

A

Tenosynovitis: infection of the synovial sheaths

42
Q

Name this condition.

A

De Quervain’s Tenovaginitis Stenosans

(covered word is stenosis)

43
Q

Name this condition.

A

Digital Tenovaginitis Stenosans (Trigger finger or snapping finger)

44
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve enter the hand?

A

Guyon’s (Ulnar) canal

45
Q

Name this branch of the ulnar artery?

A

Superficial palmar arch

46
Q

Name this branch of the radial artery (anastamose with ulnar).

A

Deep palmar arch

47
Q

What artery crosses the anatomical snuff box?

A

The radial artery

48
Q

Why might profuse bleeding occur when one of the palmar arterial arches is lacerated?

A

Extensive anastomoses

49
Q

What are the nine tendons that run through the carpal tunnel?

A

Four FDS, Four FDP, and one flexor pollicis longus

50
Q

Name this nerve.

A

Median nerve at hand

51
Q

Which branch of the median nerve innervates the thenar muscles?

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve

52
Q

This branch of the median nerve enters the hand superficially to the carpal tunnel?

A

Palmar branch of the median nerve

53
Q

What is the treatment for carpal tunnel?

A
54
Q

Trauma to the median can cause what appearance in the hand?

A

Ape hand (loss of ability to abduct and oppose thumb)

55
Q

What provides innervation to the 5th digit and 1/2 of the 4th?

A

Superficial branch of the ulnar nerve

56
Q

Name this nerve

A

Palmar cutaneous branch

57
Q

Name this nerve.

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

58
Q

Name the two 3 1/2s and 1 1/2s for the median and ulnar nerve

A
59
Q

Name the four locations of ulnar nerve injury? Possible causes? Appearance?

A
60
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate in the hand?

A
61
Q

Name the muscles involved in each of these movements? Are these muscles intrinsic or extrinsic? What is their innervation?

A

Musculoskeletal (53 decks)

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