3.4 Names and Formulas of Acids Flashcards
What are acids in terms of formula and name
Acids are substances formed by a nonmetal ion combined with hydrogen.
Hydrogen is written first and the name is based on whether the anion is simple or polyatomic
How do you name acids with a simple anion
To name acids with a simple anion:
- the first part of the name is the prefix “hydro”
- Followed by the shortened name of the anion ending in “ic”
- last part is the word acid
ex: hydrochloric acid
What is the exception to naming simple anions
when there is carbon and hydrogen it is an organic acid. These all end in COOH, the h isn’t at the beginning of the formula. Ex: CH3COOH=Vinegar = Acetic Acid
How do you name acids with a polyatomic anion
To name acids with a polyatomic anion:
- the first part is the shortened name of the anion
- If the anion ends in “ate” end it in “ic” ex Sulphuric acid H2SO4
- If the anion ends in “ite” end it in “ous” ex chlorous acid H2ClO
To determine an acid formula from a name (Using a table of ions)
- Determine the anion present from the name.
- Since the compound is an acid the cation (positive ion) is H+
- Write down the formulas of the two ions . Make the value of the charge on the negative ion the subscript on the hydrogen ion
What are the formulas of bases
Bases, like acids, often behave like bases only when dissolved in water. Therefore, bases are often written with the subscript (aq) = aqueous or aquatic = in water
The chemical formula of a base usually ends with hydroxide (-OH).
- NaOH(aq)
- Mg(OH)2(aq)
What are salts
Salts are ionic compounds formed when bases and acids react. Any ionic substance not a base or acid is a salt
Salts are also produced when oxides or carbonates react with acids, or when metals react with acids.
What are the types of ionic molecules
- Acid: ends in COOH or starts with H
- Base: ends in OH
- Binary salt: 1 non metal, 1 metal
- Polyatomic salt: 3+ capital letters (elements)
What are the types of covalent molecules
- Binary: 2 non metals
- Common: examples glucose
- Organic: Carbon and hydrogen are both present
How do you identify ionic molecules
Ioniccompounds begin with a metal or polyatomic ion. Ex:Fe(NO3)2 or (NH4)2CO3
How do you identify covalent molecules
Covalent (Molecular) compounds do not contain metals or recognizable ions, and rarely have brackets. Ex: N2O4 or C6H12O6
How do you identify organic acids
Organicacidsend in –COOH.They are considered to be covalent compounds but have some ionic character (they behave like ionic compounds when in water since they will partially dissociate into ions).Ex: C6H5COOH or CH3COOH
How do you identify non-organic acids
Inorganicacidsbegin with a Hydrogen. They are considered ionic compounds. Ex: HCl or H3PO4
How do you identify bases
Mostbasesbegin with a metal and end in hydroxide. Ex: NaOH or Fe(OH)3
How do you identify salts
Ionic compounds fall into one of three categories: Acids, Bases or Salts. Any ionic compound that is not an acid or base is a salt such as the examples in Guideline 1.
