2.6: Bohr and Quantum Theory

Question 1

Who was Bohr

Answer 1

Bohr was an early atomic scientist who created the original Bohr diagram, which shows an atom in a simple, easy to understand model.

Question 2

What are orbitals

Answer 2

Since his original diagram the discovery of orbitals has improved the models. An orbital is an area around the nucleus with a 90% chance of an electrons presence. The orbital in which an electrons is found varies depending on the energy of the electron.

Question 3

What are energy levels

Answer 3

Each electron has an energy level, 1-7, which corresponds to the orbital it is found in along with the row on the periodic table.

Question 4

What are sub-orbitals

Answer 4

within a orbital there are multiple sub levels which correspond to specific shapes, s is spherical, p is dumbbell shaped, and d, and f, are oddly shaped and beyond chemistry 11

Question 5

What is the electron configuration of an atom

Answer 5

The electron configuration of an atom is the short hand representation of electrons in orbitals in which, especially the “outer shell” configuration, can give clues as to the atom’s chemical behaviour.

Question 6

What is the arrangement of orbitals

Answer 6

1s2
2s2 2p6
3s2 3p6
4s2 3d10 4p6
5s2 4d10 5p6
6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6
7s2 5f14 6d10 7p6

Question 7

What is thetotal electron configurationand theouter shell configurationfor nitrogen?

Answer 7

Nitrogen has atomic number 7 and has 7 electrons to assign. Electrons are assigned in order of energy, filling each sublevel before going on to the next sublevel.

For nitrogen, the first two electrons go into the 1s sub level: 1s2. The number of electrons are designated with a superscript.

That leaves 5 electrons to assign (7-2=5). The next two electrons go into the 2s sublevel: 2s2.

The remaining three electrons go into the 2p sublevel: 2p3.

Answer:The entire configuration for nitrogen is: 1s22s22p3

Look for the largest numbered main energy level to determine the outer shell configuration. That would be 2 for nitrogen. All of the electrons in the 2nd main energy level are outer shell electrons. The outer shell configuration is: 2s22p3

Question 8

What is thetotal electron configurationand theouter shell configurationfor magnesium?

Answer 8

Magnesium is atomic number 12 and has 12 electrons to assign.

For Mg, the first two electrons go into the 1s sub level: 1s2. The electrons are designated with a superscript.

That leaves 12 electrons to assign. The next two electrons go into the 2s sublevel: 2s2.

There are 8 electrons remaining. The next six electrons go into the 2p sublevel: 2p6.

The remaining two electrons go into the 3s sublevel: 3s2.

Answer:The entire configuration for magnesium is: 1s22s22p63s2

Question 9

How can we draw a simple bohr diagram

Answer 9

A simple bohr diagram for an atom can be drawn with a nucleus that shows the number of protons, then increasing layers with 2 electrons, then 8, then 18, etc.

Question 10

what is (s) sublevel

Answer 10

A “s” sublevel has one orbital and therefore room for a maximum of 2 electrons:

Question 11

what is (p) sublevel

Answer 11

A “p” sublevel has three orbitals and room for a maximum of 6 electrons:

Question 12

what is (d) sublevel

Answer 12

A “d” sublevel has five orbitals and room for a maximum of 10 electrons:

Question 13

what is (f) sublevel

Answer 13

An “f” sublevel has 7 orbitals and room for a maximum of 14 electrons:

Question 14

What are orbitals

Answer 14

Orbitals are arranged, according to energy, into four types of sublevels. The sublevels are designated by letters of the alphabet: s, p, d, and f. Each sublevel contains a different number of orbitals:

Question 15

what are the shapes of s and p sublevels

Answer 15

S is spherical while p is in the spare of a dumbbell