3.3 Multivant metals and polyatomic ions Flashcards
What are multivalent metals
Some transition metals have multiple possible combining capacities, they are called multivalent metals.
The most common of a multivalent metal’s combining capacity will be on top on the periodic table
How is the charge of a multivalent metal show in the name of a compound
In the name of the compound Roman numerals are used to show which combining capacity the multivalent metal has
What are polyatomic ions
ions of multiple elements that may be present in ionic compounds
What prefixes and endings can polyatomic ions usually have
They can multiple different endings, The most common endings are “ide,” “ate,” and “ite.”
They can also have prefixes like “per” or “hypo”
What element do most polyatomic ions have
oxygen
What ending is used when there are only two atoms in a polyatomic ion
Polyatomic ions with only two atoms usually end in “ide” CN (-1) = cyanide, OH (-1)= hydroxide
How do you name polyatomic ions with only two elements
Most polyatomic ions with more than two atoms usually have only two elements including generally oxygen plus another. For these the ending “ate” is attached to the non-oxygen element
ex: NO3(-1)= nitrate
What is important to know for polyatomic ions with oxygen plus another element
For these types of ions the number of oxygen is not given, and in many cases different ions are the same except for the number of oxygen.
What endings are used in cases where only two combinations of oxygen + other element exist as polyatomic ions
In cases where their are only two combinations “ate” is given to the one with the most oxygen, and “ite” to the one with less oxygen.
What endings are used in cases where more than two combinations of oxygen + other element exist as polyatomic ions
When there are more than two combinations of oxygen+other element for polyatomic ions, the the most common is the “ate”, the one with one less oxygen is “ite”, the one with one more oxygen starts with “per” and ends with “ate”, and the one with two fewer starts with “hypo” and ends with “ite”. Usually
What happens when a polyatomic ions contains hydrogen as a third element
Many polyatomic ions contain hydrogen as a third element, in these cases the name is either Hydrogen ______ with whatever the name would be if hydrogen was absent. or Bi______ with whatever the name would be if hydrogen was absent. In this case Bi does not mean two
What polyatomic ions are positive
Only two polyatomic ions have a positive charge:
Ammonium: NH4 (1+)
Hydronium: H3O (1+)
Ammonium forms lots of compounds but hydronium is mainly important to acid-base chemistry and forms few compounds
What are ternary compounds
Ternary compounds are ionic compounds made from more than two elements. They are also known as polyatomic ionic compounds. they are slightly more complicated to name than binary compounds. Each of these compounds contains a polyatomic ion to recognize, identify and name.
What are the rules for naming ternary compounds
The same rules apply. Don’t use any more specific naming system if a Group 1, Group 2, or any other monovalent metal is involved in the compound.
Use prefixes or a Roman numeral when a multivalent metal is in the compound.
The names of these compounds won’t always end in “ide.” Just have the name of the polyatomic ion as It is
What is the steps for naming any compound
- Examine the formula
- ionic compounds start with a metal or the ammonium ion (NH) 4+
- covalent compounds are made of ONLY non-metals - If the compound is covalent…..
- Use the prefix system - If the the compound is ionic…..
- Check the metal to see if it is multivalent (add roman numeral if it is).
- If it ends with a single non-metal, naming will just end inide
- If it ends in a polyatomic ion, look up the name/formula
