3.2.1. Drugs and Doping

Question 1

Definition of ethics

Answer 1

The rules of behaviour that dictate an individual’s conduct e.g. playing by the rules and in spirit of game

Question 2

Definition of deviance

Answer 2

Any behaviour that deviates from the norms of society

Question 3

Examples of legal supplements

Answer 3

• creatine
• vitamins and minerals
• caffeine
• sports drinks and gels
• bicarbonate nitrates

Question 4

Examples of illegal supplements

Answer 4

• EPO
• anabolic steroids
• blood transfusions
• peptide hormones
• stimulants
• beta blockers

Question 5

Advantages of legal supplements

Answer 5

+ no punishment

+ safer than PEDs

+ can improve performance -> increased endurance, help rehydrate, speed up muscle growth and aid recovery

Question 6

Disadvantages of legal supplements

Answer 6

• less effective than PEDs
• side effects still evident -> energy drinks= tooth decay
• some legal supplements have been found to have banned supplements in them

Question 7

What do anabolic steroids do?

Answer 7

enable athlete to train harder and for longer, and often increase strength and aggression

Question 8

What do beta blockers do?

Answer 8

help control HR and keep the athlete calm

Question 9

What do stimulants do?

Answer 9

increase alertness for sports performance, for example amphetamines

Question 10

Social reasons for doping and illegal drugs

Answer 10

• win at all costs
• pressure from coaches
• everyone else is doing it
• political pressure

Question 11

Physiological reason for doping and illegal drugs

Answer 11

Increases performance e.g. increased strength using anabolic steroids

Question 12

Personal reason for doping and illegal drugs

Answer 12

High monetary reward for winning and lucrative sponsorship deals

Question 13

Consequences of drugs and doping on sport

Answer 13

• law/ ethics of sport are broken
• false/ meaningless results and records
• sport becomes tainted
• loss of sponsorships

Question 14

Consequences of drugs and doping on performer

Answer 14

• psychological damage
• banned/ stripped of medals/ loss of sponsorship
• severe dangers to health and wellbeing

Question 15

Consequences of drugs and doping on society

Answer 15

• promotes win at all costs society
• poor role modelling

Question 16

What have WADA done to prevent doping and why hasn’t it worked?

Answer 16

Coordinate fight against doping

Win at all costs attitude still remains

Question 17

What do lifetime bans do and why haven’t they worked?

Answer 17

To act as a deterrent

Court for Arbitration in sport overturns life bans

Question 18

How does education prevent doping in sport?

Answer 18

Drug education for performers:
UKAD initiatives
- 100% me
- protect your sport
- clean sport advisor
- clean sport week

Question 18

What are the three testing techniques to prevent doping and why haven’t they worked?

Answer 18

• ADAMS initiative: testing in and out of competition, knowing athletes whereabouts 2 hours a day -> athletes can miss 2 tests without punishment
• Retrospective testing: blood and urine samples stored in WADA labs and returned at a later date -> cheated athletes loss sponsorship, delayed medals
• Biological passports: to test for abnormalities -> undetectable drugs e.g. THG in 1990s

Question 19

How does counter culture prevent doping?

Answer 19

Allow athletes doping to compete in a separate Olympics

Question 20

Strategies to prevent doping:

Answer 20

D- drug free culture created via education programmes and role models
O- organisations involved in drug detection
P- punishments need to be harsher to act as deterrents
I- investment required into new testing
N- name and shame negative role models
G- guilty individuals lose sponsorship