2.2.11. Attribution

Question 1

Attribution

Answer 1

Reasons given for the success and failure

Question 2

What two dimensions did Weiner’s model of attribution consider?

Answer 2

• Locus of causality
• Stability

Question 3

Locus of causality

Answer 3

Refers to whether attributions come from internal or external causes

Question 4

Stability

Answer 4

Refers to whether the attribution is changeable or unchangeable

Question 5

Attributions for success of failure will impact:

Answer 5

• Motivation
• Confidence
• Pride
• Future expectations of success/ persistence

Question 6

Ability

Answer 6

• Internal/ stable
• We won because we were the better team

Question 7

Effort

Answer 7

• Internal/ unstable
• We won because we tried hard

Question 8

Task difficulty

Answer 8

• External/ stable
• We lost because the team are 2 leagues higher

Question 9

Luck

Answer 9

• External/ unstable
• We lost because they had the ref on their side

Question 10

What was the third dimension Weiner added?

Answer 10

Controllability

Question 11

Controllable

Answer 11

Effort

Question 12

Uncontrollable

Answer 12

Luck
Task difficulty
Ability

Question 13

3 psychological conditions

Answer 13

• Mastery orientation
• Learned helplessness
• Self serving bias

Question 14

Mastery orientation is…

Answer 14

• A feeling of being in control of the outcome
• An individual being motivated by learning to become an expert
• Approach sees failure as a learning experience
• Manifests through approach behaviour

Question 15

Mastery orientation success attributions

Answer 15

• Ability (internal/ stable) -> we won because we were the better team
• Effort (internal/ unstable) -> we won because we tried harder

Question 16

Reasons for success attributions for mastery orientation

Answer 16

• Performer has personal responsibility for success
• Increases confidence, motivation and future expectations of success

BUT ability could lead to complacency

Question 17

Failure attribution for mastery orientation

Answer 17

Effort- I lost because I need to try harder

Question 18

Reasons for failure attribution for mastery orientation

Answer 18

• Internal, unstable and controllable to performers believe they change it
• Increases confidence, motivation and future expectations of success

Question 19

Learned helplessness is …

Answer 19

• Belief that failure is inevitable
• Manifests in a ‘why bother’ attitude and avoidance behaviour
• Results in feelings of hopelessness and belief they will never succeed

Question 20

Success attribution for learned helplessness

Answer 20

Luck- external/ unstable- we won because the ref made a wrong decision

Question 21

Reasons for success attribution for learned helplessness

Answer 21

• Not personally responsible for success and it can change
  -Decreases confidence, motivation and future expectations for success

Question 22

Failure attributions for learned helplessness

Answer 22

Ability- internal/ stable- we lost the game as we are not very good

Question 23

Reasons for failure attributions for success

Answer 23

• Not personally responsible for failure
• Ability is permanent and therefore decreases motivation, confidence and future expectations of success

BUT ability can motivate elite players to be better

Question 24

Self serving bias is …

Answer 24

• Biased attributions for failure to protect confidence/ self esteem
• Attribute failure to external causes -> I lost the badminton match because the floor was too slippery

Question 25

Attributions associated with self serving bias

Answer 25

• Luck- external/ unstable- we lost the game because it was windy and the ref was on their side

Question 26

Reasons for attributions associated with self serving bias

Answer 26

• It’s external, unstable and uncontrollable so not personally responsible and it can change

BUT
- Avoids taking responsibility
- Hides real reason for failure so prevents improvement