3.1.1 Chronic Inflammation

Question 1

What is marked in green and red?

Answer 1

Green: Hilar Lymph Nodes

Red: Ghon Complex

Question 2

Ghon’s complex is associated with what dz?

Answer 2

TB

Question 3

Differentiate b/t primary and primary progressive TB.

Answer 3

Primary TB:

Prolonged exposure to Mycobacterium

Nights sweats then asymptomatic

Walled off (granulomatous response)

Primary Progressive TB:

Proliferate when infected

End up with disseminated infection

Possible CNS infection

Ventricles can become occluded

Question 4

What is the vaccine for TB? What is its usage?

Answer 4

BCG

Live, attenuated vaccine for TB

Given at birth for at-risk children

Urology usage: Granulomatous response to transitional cell carcinoma

Attempts to turns primary progressive TB into primary (adult) form

Infect them w/ attenuated strand to prevent possibility of progressive form

Question 5

Describe the processes involved in the mycobacterium TB infections prior to activation of a cell mediated immune response, then describe the initiation and consequences of the cell mediated response

Answer 5

Question 6

What is the term for primary TB infection that goes dormant for awhile then begins to actively spread?

Answer 6

Progressive Secondary TB

Question 7

Is progressive secondary TB often the result of the same TB species as the primary infection?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Distinguish b/t primary, progressive primary, progessive secondary, and milary TB.

Answer 8

Question 9

What sputum stain is specifically used for testing for TB?

Answer 9

auromine/rhodamine

Question 10

What occurs in sarcoidosis?

Answer 10

Idiopathic granulomas due to atypical mycobacteria

Question 11

What is typical treatment for sarcoidosis?

Answer 11

Steriods (You must be certain that the patient doesn’t have TB. If the patient has TB, you’ve just made his/her condition worse. B/c TNF-alpha is critical in the formation of sequestering granulomas)

Question 12

What is this an image of?

Answer 12

Granulomas of the meninges, present in a patient with sarcoidosis

Question 13

What is the significance of the Apgar score?

Answer 13

Predicts how baby is going to do. Good clinical utility

Question 14

How would you characterize or describe the inflammatory response to the virus in the heart?

Answer 14

Lymphocytic

Question 15

What is the typical inflammatory response to acute viral infections?

Answer 15

Lymphocytic. Tells cells to undergo apoptosis.

Question 16

What is occurring in this image?

Answer 16

Lymphocytic infiltrate is present to kill virally infected cells. In this case, the infected cells are cardiomyocytes which will lead to heart defects (or death) of patient.

Lymphocytes, mononucleic cells, and fibrosis are all present.

Question 17

What is occurs in Coxsackievirus Myocarditis?

Answer 17

Lymphocytes attack virally infected cardiomyocytes leading to all sorts of issues, potentially fatal