22. Advanced Cockpit Automation Flashcards
Advanced Cockpit Automation
“overrides what it considers to be an unachievable or dangerous pilot control input”
This is the definition of the AIRBUS or BOEING automation system
AIRBUS
2
Advanced Cockpit Automation
“ensures that the pilot is the operator of last resort”
This is the definition of the AIRBUS or BOEING automation system
BOEING
2
Advanced Cockpit Automation
Which of the following are benefits realised as a result of automation
[ ] Improves prioritisation of tasks
[ ] Improves pilot vigilance
[ ] Relieve pilots of workload
[ ] Smoother flight for PAX
[ ] Allows flight crew to be more relaxed
[ ] Fuel efficiency
[ ] Extensive integration of information to the flight deck
[ ] Removes the need for flight crew
[ ] Improves inductive reasoning
[ ] Operate aircraft in envelope parameters otherwise unobtainable
[ ] Improves prioritisation of tasks
[ ] Improves pilot vigilance
[X] Relieve pilots of workload
[X] Smoother flight for PAX
[ ] Allows flight crew to be more relaxed
[X] Fuel efficiency
[X] Extensive integration of information to the flight deck
[ ] Removes the need for flight crew
[ ] Improves inductive reasoning
[X] Operate aircraft in envelope parameters otherwise unobtainable
- at a higher level, the benefits can be categorised as;
1. Safe extension of the operational envelope
2. Economical benefits
3. Workload reduction
3/4
Advanced Cockpit Automation
Which of the following are disadvantages of automation, be it through the pilot, or just machine incapabilities;
[ ] Machine cannot perform inductive reasoning
[ ] Fuel efficiency
[ ] Extensive integration of information to the flight deck
[ ] Absence of creativity and intuitive thinking
[ ] No prioritisation of tasks through automation
[ ] Smoother flight for PAX
[ ] Pilots being ‘out of the loop’
[ ] Reduced vigilance
[ ] No motivation to flight safety
[X] Machine cannot perform inductive reasoning
[ ] Fuel efficiency
[ ] Extensive integration of information to the flight deck
[X] Absence of creativity and intuitive thinking
[X] No prioritisation of tasks through automation
[ ] Smoother flight for PAX
[X] Pilots being ‘out of the loop’
[X] Reduced vigilance
[X] No motivation to flight safety
- Autoflight systems have 2 fundamental restrictions
1. Absence of creativity when faced with unknown or unforseen situations
2. machines are incapable of any motivation with regards to flight safety, where as a flight crew are
6
Advanced Cockpit Automation
What are 3 distinct advantages a human pilot has over an automated system;
[ ] Better at fuel efficiency
[ ] Better at mundane tasks
[ ] Can operate the aircraft at extreme margins of the safety envelope
[ ] Ability to prioritise tasks
[ ] Decision making ability
[ ] Reliability
[ ] Better at fuel efficiency
[ ] Better at mundane tasks
[ ] Can operate the aircraft at extreme margins of the safety envelope
[X] Ability to prioritise tasks
[X] Decision making ability
[X] Reliability
6
Advanced Cockpit Automation
Automation can contribute to ____ to ____% of fuel savings
3 - 5%
4
Advanced Cockpit Automation
A glass cockpit HSI instrument can help improve situational awareness in what manner
EXTENSIVE INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION
- Multiple instruments and information combined to one instrument, one location
Rather than having to scan the cockpit, multiple outputs can be derived in one place
4
Advanced Cockpit Automation
What is a task that humans are inherently bad at that ironically is increased as a result of automation
MONITORING
6
Advanced Cockpit Automation
During long periods of passive monitoring, what will a pilot struggle to do once the passive monitoring phase is over
STRUGGLE TO RE-ENGAE WITH THE SITUATION
- As the situation has been constructed by the machine and not the man, the pilot may struggle to re-engage
- This can lead to confusion about what the display is telling them
- This can lead to blinkered concentration when trying to interpret the information
7
Advanced Cockpit Automation
What is an inherient increased risk of the pilot in a modern glass cockpit environment with extensive periods of passive monitoring. The pilot can become ____ and ____.
BORED and COMPLACENT
7
Advanced Cockpit Automation
A highly automated flight management system can be operated in a number of different modes that are sometimes not immediately apparent. This can lead to what in a pilot
LACK OF MODE AWARENESS
8
Advanced Cockpit Automation
Auotmated systems filter information that is presented to the crew. As a result, this can lead to what in a pilot
LACK OF AWARENESS
- A lack of awareness of what is really going on and an inability to mentally construct an accurate image of what is happening
8
Advanced Cockpit Automation
“A feeling of quiet pleasure or security, leading to pilots becoming passive monitors of an automation system and failing to actively question its performance”
This describes a phenomenon known as what
AUTOMATION COMPLACENCY
- With automatic systems “in charge” some of the onus of responsibility for the conduct of the flight inevitably but surreptitiously slips from the crew
8
Advanced Cockpit Automation
“When the inherent belief in the system reliability can lead to a crew simply watching what it is doing, instead of analysing and checking”
This is the definition of what factor that contributes to automation complacency
PASSIVE MONITORING
9
Advanced Cockpit Automation
“a narrowing of concentration in a highly automated cockpit, leading to concentration on one particular aspect, to the exclusion of others”
This is the definition of what factor that contributes to automation complacency
BLINKERED CONCENTRATION
9
