16. Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills Flashcards
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
What are the 3 types of memory;
[ ] Congnitive Memory
[ ] Acquired Memory
[ ] Sensory Store
[ ] Working Memory
[ ] Adaptive Memory
[ ] Long Term Memory
[ ] Congnitive Memory
[ ] Acquired Memory
[X] Sensory Store
[X] Working Memory
[ ] Adaptive Memory
[X] Long Term Memory
2
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
The sensory store has memory retention of;
[ ] 2 - 3 seconds
[ ] 5 - 10 seconds
[ ] 15 - 30 seconds
[ ] 30 seconds to 1 minute
[ ] Indefinite
[X] 2 - 3 seconds
[ ] 5 - 10 seconds
[ ] 15 - 30 seconds
[ ] 30 seconds to 1 minute
[ ] Indefinite
2
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
The working memory has memory retention of;
[ ] 2 - 3 seconds
[ ] 5 - 10 seconds
[ ] 15 - 30 seconds
[ ] 30 seconds to 1 minute
[ ] Indefinite
[ ] 2 - 3 seconds
[ ] 5 - 10 seconds
[X] 15 - 30 seconds
[ ] 30 seconds to 1 minute
[ ] Indefinite
2
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
The Long Term memory has memory retention of;
[ ] 2 - 3 seconds
[ ] 5 - 10 seconds
[ ] 15 - 30 seconds
[ ] 30 seconds to 1 minute
[ ] Indefinite
[ ] 2 - 3 seconds
[ ] 5 - 10 seconds
[ ] 15 - 30 seconds
[ ] 30 seconds to 1 minute
[X] Indefinite
2
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
Working memory has the ability to retain up to how many bits of information +/- 2;
[ ] 10
[ ] 5
[ ] 15
[ ] 8
[ ] 10
[X] 5
[ ] 15
[ ] 8
- working memory has a retention period of around 15-30 seconds
- It can retained 5 bits of information +/- 2
2
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
Sensory memory is specific to each sense organ, so there is a sensory memory for vision and a sensory store for auditory information.
- The visiion sensory memory store is known as ICONIC or ECHOIC memory
- The auditory sensory memory store is known as ICONIC or ECHOIC memory
- ICONIC
- ECHOIC
3
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
- Iconic memory lasts for approximately 0.5 or 8 seconds
- Echoic memory lasts for approximately 0.5 or 8 seconds
- 0.5 SEC
- 8 SEC
3
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
The iconic and echoic memory stores allow you to do what with the sensory inputs received when, as example, if listening to a radio message we realise half way through it was intended for us
PLAY BACK
- Half way through a radio message from ATC, we may realise the message was intended for us
- Although we may not be able ot recall all that was said, we are often able to “play back” some of the message from memory
3
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
Which memory state contains the information you are consciously thinking about now;
[ ] Sensory store
[ ] Working memory
[ ] Long term memory
[ ] Immediate access memory
[ ] Sensory store
[X] Working memory
[ ] Long term memory
[ ] Immediate access memory
4
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
How can data be retained longer in short term memory
REHEARSING IT
- It is easier to rehearse words than visual information
- Verbal inputs tend to be retained longer than visual images as a result
- Rehearsing can lead to errors transposing numbers i.e. 117.5 becomes 115.7
4
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
VISUAL or VERBAL inputs tend to be retained longer in short term memory
VERBAL
- It is easier to rehearse words than visual information
- Verbal inputs tend to be retained longer than visual images as a result
- Rehearsing can lead to errors transposing numbers i.e. 117.5 becomes 115.7
4
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
What is the method of extending working memory by grouping pieces of information together
CHUNKING
5
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
Long term memory is divided into what 2 functionally different types of memory
- DECLARATIVE
- NON-DECLARATIVE
6
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Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
The widely accepted theory states that long term memory comprises of what 3 seperate but linked information stores;
[ ] Recall memory
[ ] Long term memory
[ ] De ja vu
[ ] Episodic memory
[ ] Semantic memory
[ ] Procedural memory
[ ] Recall memory
[ ] Long term memory
[ ] De ja vu
[X] Episodic memory
[X] Semantic memory
[X] Procedural memory
6
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
“stores autobiographical information such as the places you have been, holidays, people you have met”
This is the definition of what long term memory type
EPISODIC MEMORY
6
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
“stores general knowledge such as the meaning of words, facts, meanings of things and is generally independant of personal experience”
This is the definition of what long term memory type
SEMANTIC MEMORY
6
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
“sometimes known as motor memory, stores information which cannot be described consciously, for example riding a bike”
This is the definition of what long term memory type
PROCEDURAL MEMORY
6
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
- Semantic and Episodic memory are DECLARATIVE or NON DECLARATIVE memory
- Procedural memory is DECLARATIVE or NON DECLARATIVE memory
- DECLARATIVE
- NON-DECLARATIVE
6
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
“It is easier to recall information within a particular context. For example, it might be easier to recall an image of what the B737 fire switches look like if imagining yourself sat in the cockpit looking down at the console”
This is the definition of what long term memory retrieval technique
ASSOCIATION
7
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
“30 days have September, April, June and November. East is least and West is best”
This is the definition of what long term memory retrieval technique
CATCH PHRASE and RHYMES
7
Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills
“using a word or string of letters such as FREDA (Fuel, Radio, Engine, Direction Indicator, Altimeter) can be used to provide cues which stimulate the ability to recall each item”
This is the definition of what long term memory retrieval technique
MNEMONICS
7
