08. The Nervous and Endocrine Systems Flashcards
The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
THe nervous system is divided into 2 systems. These are known as what
- CNS - Central Nervous System
- PNS - Peripheral Nervous System
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The PERHIPERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) is subdivded into what 2 functions
- SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
- AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
A decrease in the PHYSIOLOGICAL response as a result of repeated exposure to a stimulus is known as what
SENSORY ADAPTION
REMEMBER
* Adaptation = Shorter | Physiological
* Habituation = Longer | Physiological and Psychological
* Habits are long lasting, like biting your nails which is a psychological trait
EXAMPLE
* Night adaptation. When the rods become more sensitive the longer they are aware from bright lights
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
A decrease in the PHYSIOLOGICAL ahd PSYCHOLOGICAL response as a result of repeated exposure to a stimulus is known as what
SENSORY HABITUATION
REMEMBER
* Adaptation = Shorter | Physiological
* Habituation = Longer | Physiological and Psychological
* Habits are long lasting, like biting your nails which is a psychological trait
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
A danger of a pilot becoming habituated to a stimulus is that;
[ ] It may result in hypo vigilance
[ ] It may trigger inappropriate alarm responses
[ ] You may not notice it
[ ] You may become dependent on it
[ ] It may result in hypo vigilance
[ ] It may trigger inappropriate alarm responses
[X] You may not notice it
[ ] You may become dependent on it
EXAMPLE:
* eye becoming used to an unchanging visual scene when flying over snow covered terrain
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
THe name given to the increase in stimulus required for a person to notice a change
DIFFERENCE THRESHOLD
aka Just Noticable Difference (J.N.D)
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
For a NEURON to signal the brain, the stimulus must be above what level
SENSORY THRESHOLD
- increasing the sensory threshold means you will have less stimulus
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What system is responsible for detecting stimuli and coordinating the body’s response
NERVOUS SYSTEM
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The NERVOUS SYSTEM is responsible for what 2 functions
- STIMULUS - detecting stimuli
- RESPONSE - coordinating body’s response
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What is the name given to the sensory cells that pass pass inputs along the sensory nerves to the brain
RECEPTORS
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Sensory nerves are made up of bundles of cells which use eletrochemical signals to transmit information. These are called what
The CNS and PNS use a special type of cell called a ____ to transmit information and trigger and control responses
NEURONES
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Where neurons join, there is a small gap between them. This gap is called a ____, which the signal, or impulse, has to jump using electrochecmical signals
SYNAPSE
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The sensory nerves pass signals to the ____ and then to the ____ along relay neurons
The CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) comprises what what 2 elements
- SPINAL CORD
- BRAIN
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The brain on receivping and prcessing information will decide if any action is required to be taken to the stimulus. If so, signals are sent to the glands and musles along what
MOTOR NEURON
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What system is responsible for detecting stimuli and coordinating the body’s response
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What is the SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM responsible for
CONSCIOUS FUNCTIONS
body movement, sensing external stimuli, voluntary activities
REMEMBER
* The “ESSS” sound in consiou”ESSS”
* Somatic beings with “ESSS”
* Stimuli beings with “ESSS”
* Unconscious decisions are automatic i.e. AUTOnomic
The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What is the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM responsible for
UNCONSCIOUS FUNCTIONS
control of blood vessels and internal organs, involuntary activities
REMEMBER
* The “ESSS” sound in consiou”ESSS”
* Somatic beings with “ESSS”
* Stimuli beings with “ESSS”
* Unconscious decisions are automatic i.e. AUTOnomic
The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
“Controls automatic activity such as breathing and heart rate”
This is the definition of which brain zone
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
“Controls water balance and temperature”
This is the definition of which brain zone
HYPOTHALAMUS
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
“Controls growth, blood pressure, blood sugar level, the hyroid and adrenal glands, and ovaraies or testes”
This is the definition of which brain zone
PITUITARY GLAND
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
“Controls balance and posture”
This is the definition of which brain zone
CEREBELLUM
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
“evolutionarily more advanced and is responsible for memory, imagination, thought, sight, sound and taste
This is the definition of which brain zone
CEREBRAL CORTEX
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
How does the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM send messages around the body
HORMONES
(Chemical Messages)
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
“The glands within this system provide self regulating control of many of the body processes by secreting hormones into the bloodstream in response to chemical and nervous stimuli”
This is the definition of what body system
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The ‘master gland’ as part of the endocrine system and found at the base of the brain, which controls the thyroid/parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and testes or ovaries, is known as what
PITUITARY
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The ‘master gland’ in the endocrine system is the pituitary at the base of the brain and controls;
- ____ and ____ glands to regular metabolism and growth
- ____ to produce adrenalin
- ____ to control blood sugar levels
- ____ to produce sexual hormones
- THYROID & PARATHYROID
- ADRENAL GLANDS
- PANCREAS
- TESTES or OVARIES
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
- What is INSULIN secreted by
- What 2 things does INSULINE control the use of within the body
- PANCREAS
- GLUCOSE and FAT
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
- What is ADRENALINE secreted by
- What does ADRENALINE control
- ADRENAL GLANDS
- HEART RATE
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What is the process HOMEOSTATIS used for in the body
REGULATE BODY
MAINTAIN STABLE ENVIRONMENT
The body uses feedback and control mechanisms to maintain the bodies stable environment. i.e. when to hot, the body will sweat to cool it down to bring it back to 37℃
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The body adapts to HEAT or COLD better, where the cooling mechanisms are more effective meaning the body can tolerate HIGHER or LOWER temperatures
- HEAT
- HIGHER
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The bodies core temperature should be maintained between ____℃ and ____℃, with the ‘normal’ temperature being around ____℃
- 35℃ to 38℃
- 37℃
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
When the body is too cold, what are the 3 mechanisms it will use to achieve the desired effect of decreasing heat loss
- VASOCONSTRICTION OF SKIN VESSELS
- REDUCTION OF SURFACE AREA
- BEHAVIOUR RESPONSE
- blood vessles will constrict to prevent blood being sent to the surface area and heat being lost
- Reduce the surface area by making the body curl up and try to keep core temperatue up
- behaviour response of putting on more clothes
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
When the body is too cold, what are the 3 mechanisms it will use to achieve the desired effect of increasing heat production
- INCREASE MUSCLE TONE
- SHIVERING AND INCREASED ACTIVITY
- INCREASED FOOD INTAKE
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
When the body is too hot, what are the 3 mechanisms it will use to achieve the desired effect of increasing heat loss
- VASODILATION OF SKIN VESSELS
- SWEATING
- BEHAVIOUR RESPONSE
- OPen up blood vessels, let blood flow to surface to dissipate heat
- Sweating - when fluid evaporates into a gas, it consumes heat
- Behaviour response, taking off clothes
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
When the body is too hot, what are the 4 mechanisms it will use to achieve the desired effect of decreasing heat production
- DECREASE MUSCLE TONE
- DECREASE VOLUNTARY ACTIVITY
- DECREASE SECRETION OF EPINEPHRINE
- DECREASED FOOD INTAKE
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
If the internal body temperature drops, there are a number of adverse reactions including the loss of which 2 functions
- REASONING
- LOGIC
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
When the body temperature drops below ____℃, shivering will tend to cease. This will bef ollowed by the onset of ____ and ____
- 35℃
- APATHY
- UNCONSCIOUSNESS
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