05. High Altitude Operations Flashcards
High Altitude Operations
Ozone is a toxic gas that damages which organ by causing a condition known as what
- LUNGS
- EMPHYSEMA
2
High Altitude Operations
The ozone is at its greatest concentrations in what 2 seasons
- WINTER
- SPRING
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High Altitude Operations
Ozone is the lowest at which geographic locations
POLES
2
High Altitude Operations
What are the 2 main symptoms of Ozone poisoning
- DRY NOSE & THROAT
- IRRITATION CAUSING COUGH & CHEST DISCOMFORT
2
High Altitude Operations
The CONCENTRATION or TIME EXPOSED to ozone is the most significant health concern
CONCENTRATION
2
High Altitude Operations
What is the concentration limit of ozone that the FAA have set in parts per million by volume (ppmv)
0.25 ppmv
2
High Altitude Operations
Ozone is partly destroyed by what aircraft system as a result of what
- ENGINES
- HIGH TEMPERATURE
- High temperatures of engines destroy the ozone
- Cabin air is taken from engine bleeds downstream of the compressor, removing most of the problem of ozone
2
High Altitude Operations
Where newer aircraft, such as the B787, do not use engine bleed air for cabin air pressurisaton, this presents a problem for removing ozone. Therefore, what must be fitted to help filter ozone
CATALYTIC CONVERTERS
2
High Altitude Operations
What is the altitude range represents the danger zone for potential ozone poisoning
40,000 - 75,000 ft
2
High Altitude Operations
“radiation from space becomes a more serious problem at higher altitudes. A four hour flight above 35,000 ft equates to the same radiation dose as a full chest x-ray”
This is the defintion of what sort of radiation
COSMIC RADIATION
3
High Altitude Operations
What are the 2 components to cosmic radiation
- GALACTIC BACKGROUND RADIATION
- SOLAR RADIATION
- Galactic background radiation is from deep space
3
High Altitude Operations
Solar radiation increases in intensity during what condition
SUN STORMS or SOLAR FLARES
3
High Altitude Operations
A measure of protection is offered from solar radiation by what component of the earth deflecting incoming radiation away
MAGNETIC FIELD
3
High Altitude Operations
The protection offered from the magnetic field of the earth is less effective at THE POLES or THE EQUATOR
THE POLES
- The protection is greated at the equator
3
High Altitude Operations
What is the associated health risk of exposure to radiation
CANCER
3
High Altitude Operations
The effective additional dose rate from cosmic radiation at temperate latitudes at altitudes of ____ft is around ____ microSv
- 26,000 ft
- 3 microSv
4
High Altitude Operations
The effective additioan dose rate from cosmic radiation at an altitude of 26,000 ft at temperate latitudes is around 3 microSV. It is MORE or LESS at the equator
LESS
- approximately around 1 to 1.5 microSv
4
High Altitude Operations
The effective additioan dose rate from cosmic radiation at an altitude of 26,000 ft at temperate latitudes is around 3 microSV. At ____ft this is DOUBLED or TREBLED
- 39,000 ft
- DOUBLED
4
High Altitude Operations
The threshold for concern of exposure to radiation at high altitudes in Europe is measured to be 1 mSv a year. This is equivilant to how many hours of high altitude flying at 2 altitudes,
- Altitude ____ and ____ hours
- Altitude ____ and ____ hours
- 35,000 ft @ 200 hours
- 39,000 ft @ 150 hours
4
High Altitude Operations
The threshold for concern of exposure to radiation at high altitudes in Europe is measured to be 1 mSv a year. This is equivilant to 200 hours at 35,000 ft or 150 hours at 39,000 ft.
Why is this not such a concern for turbo prop pilots
OPERATE AT 26,000 ft
4
High Altitude Operations
Dedicated cosmic radiation monitoring equipment must be carried on aircraft operating above what altitude
49,000 ft
5
High Altitude Operations
IFALPA are calling for monitoring for cosmic radiation to be required on all aircraft operating in polar and sub-polar regions above what altitude
26,000 ft
5
High Altitude Operations
If excessive radiation is detected during a solar storm, pilots are advised to do what
DESCEND TO LOWER ALTITUDE
5
High Altitude Operations
General measures that should be taken to protect aircraft liable to be exposed to more than 1 mSv a year include;
[ ] PROTECTIVE RADIATION CLOTHING
[ ] ASSESSING EXPOSURE LEVELS
[ ] RADIOACTIVE REPELENT CREAM
[ ] ORGANISING WORK SCHEDULES TO REDUCE DOSES
[ ] INFORMING CREWS ABOUT RISKS
[ ] CANCELLING FLIGHT ROUTES ENTIRELY
[ ] APPLYING ENHANCED MEASURES FOR PREGANT AIRCREW
[ ] PROTECTIVE RADIATION CLOTHING
[X] ASSESSING EXPOSURE LEVELS
[ ] RADIOACTIVE REPELENT CREAM
[X] ORGANISING WORK SCHEDULES TO REDUCE DOSES
[X] INFORMING CREWS ABOUT RISKS
[ ] CANCELLING FLIGHT ROUTES ENTIRELY
[X] APPLYING ENHANCED MEASURES FOR PREGANT AIRCREW
5
High Altitude Operations
Light at high altitude contains 2 light bands from the light spectrum that are particularly damaging to the retina. The light bands are
- BLUE
- ULTRA-VIOLET
127
6
High Altitude Operations
What 2 types of sunglasses are not permitted in the flight cockpit
- PHOTOCHROMIC / PHOTOTROPIC
- POLARISED
128
6
High Altitude Operations
Pilots should always wear appropriate sunglasses at altitude. What 5 properties should they conform to
[ ] POLYCARBONATE MATERIAL / IMPACT RESISTANT
[ ] POLARISED
[ ] THIN FRAME / NO RIM
[ ] STURY / THICK FRAMES
[ ] GOOD OPTICAL QUALITY
[ ] LUMINANCE TRANSMITTANCE OF 10 - 15%
[ ] LUMINANCE TRANSMITTANCE OF 20 - 30%
[ ] CONFORMS WTH EN 1836:1997
[ ] CONFORMS WTH EN 1926:1995
[X] POLYCARBONATE MATERIAL / IMPACT RESISTANT
[ ] POLARISED
[X] THIN FRAME / NO RIM
[ ] STURY / THICK FRAMES
[X] GOOD OPTICAL QUALITY
[X] LUMINANCE TRANSMITTANCE OF 10 - 15%
[ ] LUMINANCE TRANSMITTANCE OF 20 - 30%
[X] CONFORMS WTH EN 1836:1997
[ ] CONFORMS WTH EN 1926:1995
128
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High Altitude Operations
Cabin humidity in a pressurised jet aircraft is typically no more than ____% but can be as low as ____%
- 10%
- 5%
216
8
High Altitude Operations
Low humidity levels causes the mucus membrane of which 3 organs to dry out
- EYES
- NOSE
- MOUTH
216
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High Altitude Operations
What is the bodies natural response to lowering water levels caused by low humidity
THIRST
216
8
High Altitude Operations
Intake of what 2 substances should you avoid when suffering thirst from low humidity and why
- CAFFINE
- ALCOHOL
- DIURETICS (cause excessive urination)
216
8
High Altitude Operations
What is humidity levels in commercial transport aircraft kept low
COST
- Humidity is kept low because of the cost of operating humidifiers
8
High Altitude Operations
High Altitude Operations
What increases the risk of hypoxia which is associated with very high altitudes and decreases as altitude increases
LOW TEMPERATURE
9
High Altitude Operations
A risk associated with high altitudes is HYPERTHERMIA or HYPOTHERMIA
HYPOTHERMIA
- Low temperatures at very high altitudes
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