05. High Altitude Operations

Question 1

High Altitude Operations

Ozone is a toxic gas that damages which organ by causing a condition known as what

Answer 1

1. LUNGS
2. EMPHYSEMA

2

Question 2

High Altitude Operations

The ozone is at its greatest concentrations in what 2 seasons

Answer 2

1. WINTER
2. SPRING

2

Question 3

High Altitude Operations

Ozone is the lowest at which geographic locations

Answer 3

POLES

2

Question 4

High Altitude Operations

What are the 2 main symptoms of Ozone poisoning

Answer 4

1. DRY NOSE & THROAT
2. IRRITATION CAUSING COUGH & CHEST DISCOMFORT

2

Question 5

High Altitude Operations

The CONCENTRATION or TIME EXPOSED to ozone is the most significant health concern

Answer 5

CONCENTRATION

2

Question 6

High Altitude Operations

What is the concentration limit of ozone that the FAA have set in parts per million by volume (ppmv)

Answer 6

0.25 ppmv

2

Question 7

High Altitude Operations

Ozone is partly destroyed by what aircraft system as a result of what

Answer 7

1. ENGINES
2. HIGH TEMPERATURE

• High temperatures of engines destroy the ozone
• Cabin air is taken from engine bleeds downstream of the compressor, removing most of the problem of ozone

2

Question 8

High Altitude Operations

Where newer aircraft, such as the B787, do not use engine bleed air for cabin air pressurisaton, this presents a problem for removing ozone. Therefore, what must be fitted to help filter ozone

Answer 8

CATALYTIC CONVERTERS

2

Question 9

High Altitude Operations

What is the altitude range represents the danger zone for potential ozone poisoning

Answer 9

40,000 - 75,000 ft

2

Question 10

High Altitude Operations

“radiation from space becomes a more serious problem at higher altitudes. A four hour flight above 35,000 ft equates to the same radiation dose as a full chest x-ray”

This is the defintion of what sort of radiation

Answer 10

COSMIC RADIATION

3

Question 11

High Altitude Operations

What are the 2 components to cosmic radiation

Answer 11

1. GALACTIC BACKGROUND RADIATION
2. SOLAR RADIATION

• Galactic background radiation is from deep space

3

Question 12

High Altitude Operations

Solar radiation increases in intensity during what condition

Answer 12

SUN STORMS or SOLAR FLARES

3

Question 13

High Altitude Operations

A measure of protection is offered from solar radiation by what component of the earth deflecting incoming radiation away

Answer 13

MAGNETIC FIELD

3

Question 14

High Altitude Operations

The protection offered from the magnetic field of the earth is less effective at THE POLES or THE EQUATOR

Answer 14

THE POLES

• The protection is greated at the equator

3

Question 15

High Altitude Operations

What is the associated health risk of exposure to radiation

Answer 15

CANCER

3

Question 16

High Altitude Operations

The effective additional dose rate from cosmic radiation at temperate latitudes at altitudes of ____ft is around ____ microSv

Answer 16

1. 26,000 ft
2. 3 microSv

4

Question 17

High Altitude Operations

The effective additioan dose rate from cosmic radiation at an altitude of 26,000 ft at temperate latitudes is around 3 microSV. It is MORE or LESS at the equator

Answer 17

LESS

• approximately around 1 to 1.5 microSv

4

Question 18

High Altitude Operations

The effective additioan dose rate from cosmic radiation at an altitude of 26,000 ft at temperate latitudes is around 3 microSV. At ____ft this is DOUBLED or TREBLED

Answer 18

1. 39,000 ft
2. DOUBLED

4

Question 19

High Altitude Operations

The threshold for concern of exposure to radiation at high altitudes in Europe is measured to be 1 mSv a year. This is equivilant to how many hours of high altitude flying at 2 altitudes,

1. Altitude ____ and ____ hours
2. Altitude ____ and ____ hours

Answer 19

1. 35,000 ft @ 200 hours
2. 39,000 ft @ 150 hours

4

Question 20

High Altitude Operations

The threshold for concern of exposure to radiation at high altitudes in Europe is measured to be 1 mSv a year. This is equivilant to 200 hours at 35,000 ft or 150 hours at 39,000 ft.

Why is this not such a concern for turbo prop pilots

Answer 20

OPERATE AT 26,000 ft

4

Question 21

High Altitude Operations

Dedicated cosmic radiation monitoring equipment must be carried on aircraft operating above what altitude

Answer 21

49,000 ft

5

Question 22

High Altitude Operations

IFALPA are calling for monitoring for cosmic radiation to be required on all aircraft operating in polar and sub-polar regions above what altitude

Answer 22

26,000 ft

5

Question 23

High Altitude Operations

If excessive radiation is detected during a solar storm, pilots are advised to do what

Answer 23

DESCEND TO LOWER ALTITUDE

5

Question 24

High Altitude Operations

General measures that should be taken to protect aircraft liable to be exposed to more than 1 mSv a year include;

[ ] PROTECTIVE RADIATION CLOTHING
[ ] ASSESSING EXPOSURE LEVELS
[ ] RADIOACTIVE REPELENT CREAM
[ ] ORGANISING WORK SCHEDULES TO REDUCE DOSES
[ ] INFORMING CREWS ABOUT RISKS
[ ] CANCELLING FLIGHT ROUTES ENTIRELY
[ ] APPLYING ENHANCED MEASURES FOR PREGANT AIRCREW

Answer 24

[ ] PROTECTIVE RADIATION CLOTHING
[X] ASSESSING EXPOSURE LEVELS
[ ] RADIOACTIVE REPELENT CREAM
[X] ORGANISING WORK SCHEDULES TO REDUCE DOSES
[X] INFORMING CREWS ABOUT RISKS
[ ] CANCELLING FLIGHT ROUTES ENTIRELY
[X] APPLYING ENHANCED MEASURES FOR PREGANT AIRCREW

5

Question 25

High Altitude Operations

Light at high altitude contains 2 light bands from the light spectrum that are particularly damaging to the retina. The light bands are

Answer 25

1. BLUE
2. ULTRA-VIOLET

127
6

Question 26

High Altitude Operations

What 2 types of sunglasses are not permitted in the flight cockpit

Answer 26

1. PHOTOCHROMIC / PHOTOTROPIC
2. POLARISED

128
6

Question 27

High Altitude Operations

Pilots should always wear appropriate sunglasses at altitude. What 5 properties should they conform to

[ ] POLYCARBONATE MATERIAL / IMPACT RESISTANT
[ ] POLARISED
[ ] THIN FRAME / NO RIM
[ ] STURY / THICK FRAMES
[ ] GOOD OPTICAL QUALITY
[ ] LUMINANCE TRANSMITTANCE OF 10 - 15%
[ ] LUMINANCE TRANSMITTANCE OF 20 - 30%
[ ] CONFORMS WTH EN 1836:1997
[ ] CONFORMS WTH EN 1926:1995

Answer 27

[X] POLYCARBONATE MATERIAL / IMPACT RESISTANT
[ ] POLARISED
[X] THIN FRAME / NO RIM
[ ] STURY / THICK FRAMES
[X] GOOD OPTICAL QUALITY
[X] LUMINANCE TRANSMITTANCE OF 10 - 15%
[ ] LUMINANCE TRANSMITTANCE OF 20 - 30%
[X] CONFORMS WTH EN 1836:1997
[ ] CONFORMS WTH EN 1926:1995

128
7

Question 28

High Altitude Operations

Cabin humidity in a pressurised jet aircraft is typically no more than ____% but can be as low as ____%

Answer 28

1. 10%
2. 5%

216
8

Question 29

High Altitude Operations

Low humidity levels causes the mucus membrane of which 3 organs to dry out

Answer 29

1. EYES
2. NOSE
3. MOUTH

216
8

Question 30

High Altitude Operations

What is the bodies natural response to lowering water levels caused by low humidity

Answer 30

THIRST

216
8

Question 31

High Altitude Operations

Intake of what 2 substances should you avoid when suffering thirst from low humidity and why

Answer 31

1. CAFFINE
2. ALCOHOL
3. DIURETICS (cause excessive urination)

216
8

Question 32

High Altitude Operations

What is humidity levels in commercial transport aircraft kept low

Answer 32

COST

• Humidity is kept low because of the cost of operating humidifiers

8

Question 33

High Altitude Operations

Question 34

High Altitude Operations

What increases the risk of hypoxia which is associated with very high altitudes and decreases as altitude increases

Answer 34

LOW TEMPERATURE

9

Question 35

High Altitude Operations

A risk associated with high altitudes is HYPERTHERMIA or HYPOTHERMIA

Answer 35

HYPOTHERMIA

• Low temperatures at very high altitudes

9