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ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Human Performance > 03. Circulation > Flashcards

03. Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Circulation

Blood vessels are divided into what 4 categories

A
  1. ARTERIES
  2. ARTERIOLES
  3. CAPILLARIES
  4. VEINS

  • Arteries - main trunk
  • Arterioles - smaller branches of arteries
  • Capillaries - smallest blood vessels
  • Veins - drain deoxygenated blood

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2
Q

Circulation

The cardiocascular system compromises of 2 core elements, which are

A
  1. HEART (pump)
  2. BLOOD VESSELS (interconnected channels)

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3
Q

Circulation

  1. The blood vessels leading away from the heart are called what
  2. The blood vessels leading back to the heart are called what
A
  1. ARTERIES
  2. VEINS

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4
Q

Circulation

What is the purpose of the capillaries to be extremely thin

A

Allow oxygen and nutrients to diffuse readily into cells

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5
Q

Circulation

Arteries branch through tissues becoming smaller and smaller, permeating the body tissues and forming a link between the arterial system and the venous system. These small blood vessels are called what

A

CAPILLARIES

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6
Q

Circulation

The name given to the system or arteries

A

ARTERIAL SYSTEM

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7
Q

Circulation

The name given to the system of veins

A

VENOUS SYSTEM

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8
Q

Circulation

Arteries carry OXYGENATED or UNOXYGENATED blood TO or FROM the heart

A
  1. OXYGENATED
  2. FROM

  • Except the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary vein

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9
Q

Circulation

Veins carry OXYGENATED or UNOXYGENATED blood TO or FROM the heart

A
  1. UNOXYGENATED
  2. TO

  • Except the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary vein

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10
Q

Circulation

What is the definition of PULMONARY CIRCULATION

i.e. what is it supplying, and from what to what

A

DEDICATED CIRCUIT
DE-OXYGENATED BLOOD
RIGHT side of HEART –> LUNGS
via PULMONARY ARTERY

The pulmonary circulation is a dedicated circuit which supplies deoxygenated blood directly from the right side of the heart tot he lings via the pulmonary artery

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11
Q

Circulation

How does oxygenated blood leaving the lungs flow back to the heart

A

PULMONARY VEINS

  • REMEMBER It is the opposite way around from lungs to heart where;
  • normally veins carry unoxygenated blood to the heart and;
  • arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart

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12
Q

Circulation

How does unoxygenated blood leaving the heart flow to the lungs

A

PULMONARY ARTERY

  • REMEMBER It is the opposite way around from lungs to heart where;
  • normally veins carry unoxygenated blood to the heart and;
  • arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart

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13
Q

Circulation

  1. What is the purpose of the PULMONARY ARTERY
  2. What is the purpose of the PULMONARY VEIN
A
  1. UN-OXYGENATED BLOOD from HEART to LUNGS
  2. OXYGENATED BLOD from LUNGS to HEART

  • REMEMBER It is the opposite way around from lungs to heart where;
  • normally veins carry unoxygenated blood to the heart and;
  • arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart

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14
Q

Circulation

The main artery blood vessel running down the inside of the spine to the rest of the body is called what

A

AORTA

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15
Q

Circulation

The main blood vessel back to the heart is called what

A

VENA CAVA

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16
Q

Circulation

The blood vessels supplying the heart muscle itself with oxygen and nutrients from the aorta is known as what

A

CORONARY ARTERIES

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17
Q

Circulation

The blood vessels taking blood back to the vena cava away from the heart muscle itself is known as what

A

CORONARY VEIN

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18
Q

Circulation

The heart has how many internal chambers

A

4

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19
Q

Circulation

The large muscle surrounding the hearts 4 chambers is known as what

A

MYOCARDIUM

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20
Q

Circulation

The main and very muscular chambers of the heart are called what

A

VENTRICLES

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21
Q

Circulation

The weaker left and right chambers of the heart are called what

A

LEFT & RIGHT ATRIUM
(collectively the atria)

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22
Q

Circulation

What is the name given to the volume of blood pumped out of the ventricles during the SYSTOLE PHASE

A

STROKE VOLUME

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23
Q

Circulation

What is the stroke volume for a normal healthy male heart

A

70-75 ml

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24
Q

Circulation

What is the equation to measure cardiac output

A

HEART RATE x STROKE VOLUME

  • If the resting heart rate is 70 beats per minute, and
  • the stroke volume of the healthy heart is 75 ml, the cardiac output is;
  • 70 beats per minute x 75 ml = 5.2 litres

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25
Q

Circulation

The rate of the ventricles and atria contract rythmically together. This is known as the what

A

PULSE RATE

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26
Q

Circulation

The normal pulse rate of a body at rest is approximately how much

A

72 BEATS PER MIN

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27
Q

Circulation

The pulse rate is controlled by what system

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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28
Q

Circulation

The pulse rate is controlled by the nervous system, which is reacting to the amount of what 4 things

A
  1. GLUCOSE
  2. EXERCISE
  3. CARBON DIOXIDE
  4. HORMONE ADRENALINE

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29
Q

Circulation

The name given to tissue death that occurs to parts of the heart that cause a heart attack

A

INFARCT

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30
Q

Circulation

What is the medical term given to a heart attack

A

MYOCARDIUM INFARCTION

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31
Q

Circulation

What is released into the blood stream during a heart attack and why

A
  1. ADRENALINE
  2. INCREASE HEART RATE

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32
Q

Circulation

A
33
Q

Circulation

What are 3 symptoms of a heart attack

A
  1. PALE SKIN
  2. HIGH PULSE RATE
  3. SEVERE CHEST PAIN

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34
Q

Circulation

What is the name given to the progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries and veins

A

ANGINA

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35
Q

Circulation

The normal resting output of the heart is how many litres of blood per minute

A

5 LTR per MIN

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36
Q

Circulation

What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle

A
  1. DIASTOLE
  2. SYSTOLE

  • REMEMBER:
  • DIastole - DIlated - wide open
  • Systole - Squeezed - contracted

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37
Q

Circulation

The blood pressure of a healthy adult heart during the SYSTOLIC PHASE is what

A

120 mm Hg

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38
Q

Circulation

The blood pressure of a healthy adult heart during the DIASTOLIC PHASE is what

A

80 mm Hg

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39
Q

Circulation

What is HYPERTENSION

A

ABNORMALLY HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

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40
Q

Circulation

What is HYPOTENSION

A

ABNORMALLY LOW BLOOD PRESSURE

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41
Q

Circulation

What is the typical value of blood pressure in a youn adult

A

120/80

  • This is read as where the systolic phase is read as 120 mm Hg
  • This is read as where the diastolic phase is read as 80 mm Hg
  • 120/80

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42
Q

Circulation

The arterial blood pressure is sensed in the body by bundles of nerves in cavities called what

A

SINUSES

4

43
Q

Circulation

The pair of sensors in the main arteries to the brain that detect arterial blood pressure are known as what

A

CAROTID SINUS

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44
Q

Circulation

The pair of sensors on the Aorta at the top of the heart which detects the arterial blood pressure is known as what

A

AORTIC ARCH PRESSORECEPTORS

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45
Q

Circulation

The carotid sinus and the aortic arch pressoreceptors which detect the arterial blood pressure are collectively known as what

A

ARTERIAL PRESSORECEPTORS

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46
Q

Circulation

What is responsible for initiating the various physiological changes to the arteries in response to stress or anxiety

A

HORMONES

  • The amount of hormones secreted controls teh narrowing of the arteries, which in turn affects the blood pressure

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47
Q

Circulation

A persons blood pressure at any time is dependant on what 4 things;

  1. How hard is the main organ of the cariavascular system working
  2. How easily can blood flow through the blood vessels
  3. How easily can the arteries expand and contract
  4. How much blood and how sticky is it
A
  1. WORK OF THE HEART
  2. PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE
  3. ELASTICITY OF ARTERIAL WALLS
  4. BLOOD VOLUME & VISCOSITY

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48
Q

Circulation

What is suspended in plasma and carries oxygen around the body

A

RED BLOOD CELLS

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49
Q

Circulation

What is suspended in plasma and fights infection in the body

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

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50
Q

Circulation

What is suspended in plasma and helps repair blood vessels after injury

A

PLATELETS

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51
Q

Circulation

What 3 things does the plasma have suspended in it

A
  1. RED BLOOD CELLS
  2. WHITE BLOOD CELLS
  3. PLATELETS

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52
Q

Circulation

What must happen to sugars and fats first for cells to extract energy

A

OXIDISED

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53
Q

Circulation

Someone with an excessively low number of red blood cells or reduced haemoglobin levels or both suffers from what condition

A

ANAEMIA

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54
Q

Circulation

HAEMOGLOBIN is rich in what mineral

A

IRON

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55
Q

Circulation

A chronic form of anaemia is known as what

A

SICKLE-CELL ANAEMIA

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56
Q

Circulation

What re 5 typical symptoms of anaemia

A
  1. TIREDNESS
  2. WEAKNESS
  3. SHORTAGE OF BREATH
  4. THIRST
  5. FEELING OF ABOUT TO PASS OUT

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ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Human Performance (22 decks)

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