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ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Human Performance > 02. Respiration > Flashcards

02. Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration

At 10,000 ft, what % of oxygen is available for the body

A

70%

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2
Q

Respiration

At 18,000 ft, what % of oxygen is available for the body

A

50%

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3
Q

Respiration

At 36,000 ft, what % of oxygen is available for the body

A

25%

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4
Q

Respiration

What is the equation for Boyles Laws, in which the volume of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure i.e. if pressure increases, volume decreases.

A

VOLUME x PRESSURE = CONSTANT
(PV = K)

  • P = pressure (Pa)
  • V = Volume (m^3)
  • K = Constant (Joules)

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5
Q

Respiration

What is the equation for Charles Laws, in which it is stated that the volume of gas varies directly with temperature i.e. if temperature increases, volume increases if pressure remains constant

A

VOLUME ∝ TEMPERATURE

V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

  • V = Volume (m^3)
  • T = Temperature

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6
Q

Respiration

What is the equation for Daltons Laws, in which it is stated that the pressure mixture of fases is the sum of the partial pressure of its constituents i.e. since 21% of the atmosphere is oxygen, 21% of atmospheric pressure is due to oxygen

A

Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3

  • Ptotal = Pressure total
  • P1 = Pressure 1
  • P2 = Pressure 2
  • P3 = Pressure 3

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7
Q

Respiration

Fick’s Law (aka gas diffusion law) states what

A

GAS WILL DIFFUSE FROM AREAS OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AREAS OF LOW CONTENTRATION

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8
Q

Respiration

Henrys Law stats what

A

The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the gas pressure outside of the liquid.
If the pressure of a liquid is reduced, then the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid will reduce

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9
Q

Respiration

What is the principle organ in the respiratory system

A

LUNGS

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10
Q

Respiration

Air entering the mouth passes through the ____ and ____ before entering the ____

A
  1. Pharynx
  2. Larynx
  3. Trachea

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11
Q

Respiration

The trachea branches off into what

A

BRONCHI

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12
Q

Respiration

What happens to the air progressively as it passes through the passages and why

A
  1. WARMED and MOISTENED
  2. TRAPS PARTICILES

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13
Q

Respiration

Small globular structures that exist at the end of the bronchial tubes, where the bronchi terminate, and where gas transfer takes place

A

ALVEOLI

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14
Q

Respiration

What is the name of the muscle that lifts the ribs upwards and outwards to help increase the volume of the chest

A

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

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15
Q

Respiration

What is the purpose of the intercostal muscles

A

LIFT RIBS UPWARDS and OUTWARDS

To increase space in the pleural cavity

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16
Q

Respiration

The thorax is separated from the cavity of the abdomen by a large muscled called what

A

DIAPHRAGM

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17
Q

Respiration

What is the name of the membrane that lines the outer surface of the lungs

A

PLEURAL MEMBRANE

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18
Q

Respiration

What is the space between the pleural membrane and the lungs called

A

PLEURAL CAVITY

86

19
Q

Respiration

Process of taking oxygen from the air and diffusing O2 into the blood stream, whilst expelling unwanted gases aka breahting, is known as what

A

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

85

20
Q

Respiration

The use of oxygen within each cell to create energy by oxidising fuel is known as what

A

INTERNAL RESPIRATION

85

21
Q

Respiration

The TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY is how much (in ltr or ml), and is made up of what 2 elements of lung capacity/function

A
  1. 6 LTR (6000 ml)
  2. VITAL CAPACITY
  3. RESIDUAL VOLUME

LUNG CAPACITY

8

22
Q

Respiration

The tidal volume is approximately how much (in LTR or ml)

A

0.5 Ltr (500ml)

8

23
Q

Respiration

What effects the increase or decrease of the tidal volume

A

DEMAND FOR OXYGEN

  • Demand goes up, volume increases
  • Demand goes down, volume decreases

8

24
Q

Respiration

The difference between the VITAL CAPACITY at maximum exhalation, and the TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY is known as what

25
Q

Respiration

The INSPIRATORY CAPACITY is made up of which 2 volumes

A
  1. RESTING TIDAL VOLUME
  2. INSPIRATORY RESERVED VOLUME

LUNG CAPACITY

8

26
Q

Respiration

  1. Difference between amount of breathed taken in and amount of air that could be taken in : ____
  2. Difference between the amount of air breathed out and amount of air that could be breathed out : ____
A
  1. INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
    Difference between amount of breath taken in and amount of air that could be taken in
  2. EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
    Difference between the amount of air breathed out and amount of air that could be breathed out

LUNG CAPACITY

8

27
Q

Respiration

TheFUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY is made up of which 2 volumes

A
  1. EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
  2. RESIDUAL VOLUME

LUNG CAPACITY

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28
Q

Respiration

Complete the following diagram here

Answer options are available here

A
  1. TLC - Total lung capacity
  2. RTV - Resting tidal volume
  3. IC - Inspiratory capacity
  4. FRC - Functional residual capacity
  5. ERV - Expiratory reserve volume
  6. IRV - Inspiratory reserve volume
  7. RV - Residual volume
  8. VTV - Varying tidal volume
  9. VC - Vital capacity

88
8

29
Q

Respiration

The metabolism of oxygen with carbohydrates in the cells is known as what

A

INTERNAL RESPIRATION

9

30
Q

Respiration

O2 molecules bind to what molecules which are then carried by what cell which give blood its red colour

A
  1. HAEMOGLOBIN
  2. RED BLOOD CELLS

9

31
Q

Respiration

  1. What is the definition of EXTERNAL respiration
  2. What is the definition of INTERNAL respiration
A
  1. Taking oxygen from air, difussing into the blood stream
  2. Using oxygen in each cell to create energy through oxidisation

85
9

32
Q

Respiration

The reduced ability for blood to carry oxygen i.e. carbon monoxide posioning, is the cause of what

A

ANAEMIC HYPOXIA

97

33
Q

Respiration

Oxygen is carried to the muscle tissues where it is metabolised with what in the blood to provide energy

34
Q

Respiration

The 2 waste products of the reaction between oxygen and carbohydrates is what

A
  1. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO²)
  2. WATER (H²O)

9

35
Q

Respiration

What fluid transports CO2 to the lungs where it can be passed out to the atmosphere

A

BLOOD PLASMA

9

36
Q

Respiration

Excess water in the blood not otherwise used for perspiration and cooling is removed from the blood by which organ

37
Q

Respiration

38
Q

Respiration

Changes in what gas are more significant and as such are used by the body to control the level of O2

A

CO2

  • CO2 is monitored as it is changing constantly. Conversely, the O2 saturation level is typically around 98% so is not changing much. Ths, CO2 is a better monitor of saturation levels.

90
9

39
Q

Respiration

CARBON MONOXIDE is how many times more likely to bind with haemoglobin than O2

A

200 TIMES

10

40
Q

Respiration

What symptom will a person exhibit who is suffering from hypoxia due to carbon monoxied posioning

A

FLUSHED RED

206
10

41
Q

Respiration

The most common source of carbon monoxide is what

A

CIGARETTE SMOKE

62

42
Q

Respiration

What are 5 possible symptoms of Carbon monoxide (CO) posioning

A
  1. HEADACHE
  2. WEAKNESS
  3. NAUSEA
  4. MUSCLE PAIN
  5. DIZZINESS

Symptoms are considered ‘flu like’

  • REMEMER Muscle pains have made me weak, given me a headache, which made me dizzy and nauteous

10

43
Q

Respiration

What are the 4 actions a pilot should take if you suspect carbon monoxide is in the cabin when airborne

A
  1. DON OXYGEN MASKS
  2. SHUT OF CABIN HEATING
  3. OPEN COLD VENTING / WINDOWS
  4. LAND ASAP

11

44
Q

Respiration

How is Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning treated

A

100% OXYGEN

can take several days to recuperate

11

ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Human Performance (22 decks)

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