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ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Human Performance > 11. Health, Common Ailments > Flashcards

11. Health, Common Ailments Flashcards

1
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Any specific or general euqiries regarding your aeromedical fitness should be directed to one of which two parties

A
  1. AME
  2. AeMC

  1. Aeromedical Examiner
  2. Aeromedical Centre

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2
Q

Health, Common Ailments

“If the eustachian tube becomes blocked as a result of cold, this may let air out during the climb as external pressure reduces, but wmay not allow it back in during descent. This barotrauma (pressure trauma) can be agonisingly painful”

This is a definition of barotrauma known by what other name

A

OTIC BAROTRAUMA

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3
Q

Health, Common Ailments

The Eustachian tube connects the INNER or MIDDLE ear to the nose and throat

A

MIDDLE EAR

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4
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. A cold may cause what sort of ear trauma
  2. This is as a result of what happening
A
  1. BAROTRAUMA
  2. EUSTACHIAN TUBE BLOCKED

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5
Q

Health, Common Ailments

If the eustachian tube is partly blocked, pinching your nose and blowing to equalise the pressure can sometimes help. This method is known as what

A

VALSALVA METHOD

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6
Q

Health, Common Ailments

What sort of trauma is associated with blocked sinus during a descent

A

BAROTRAUMA

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7
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Badly filled teeth may contain pockets of air. In flight, expanding gas due to the effects of Boyles Law can cause pain. This is known as what

A

BARODONTALGIA

  • REMEMBER Going to the ‘DONT’ist rather than the dentist

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8
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Barodontalgia, the pressure pain associated to badly filled teeth, is felt in the CLIMB or DESCENT

A

CLIMB

  • In the descent, the pain will disipate as pressures return to normal

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9
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Occasionally, gas trapped in the small intestine too far from either end of the gastro-intestinal system to be naturally vented through belhcing or the anus can cause pain. In extreme cases this can lead to what

A

FAINTING

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10
Q

Health, Common Ailments

“Inflammation of stomach lining that may be caused by diet”

This is a definition of what

A

GASTRITIS

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11
Q

Health, Common Ailments

“A more severe form of gastritis usually caused by food poisoning, and can result in vomiting, cramps, diarrhoea and nausea”

This is a definition of what

A

GASTRO-ENTERITIS

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12
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Gastro-enteritis will usually subside within how many hours

A

72 HOURS

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13
Q

Health, Common Ailments

What is the typical cause of travellers diarrhoea (TD)

A

FAECALLY CONTAMINATED FOOD or WATER

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Q

Health, Common Ailments

The risk of food poisoning can be reduced by drinking what

A

BOTTLED WATER

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15
Q

Health, Common Ailments

What is associated with infested dirty water and is why you should be sure to drink bottled water and avoid ice made from infested water

A

PARASITIC WORMS

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16
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Unwashed fruit, ice cream and shellfish are associated with which sort of infection

A

BACTERIAL INFECTION

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17
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. A drug to control diarrhoea is known by what name
  2. Whilst taking the drug you ARE or ARE NOT considered fit to fly
A
  1. LOPERAMIDE (imodium)
  2. ARE NOT FIT TO FLY

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18
Q

Health, Common Ailments

The eye focuses light on the terina with the cornea and the lens;

  1. Approximately 70% of the bending of light takes place at the CORNEA or LENS
  2. Approximately 30% of the bending of light takes place at the CORNEA or LENS
A
  1. CORNEA
  2. LENS

MYTOPIA AND HYERMETROPIA

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19
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Myopia is SHORT or LONG sightedness

A

SHORT SIGHTEDNESS

  • think MY being me.. being close to me, a short distance
  • Long eyeball

MYTOPIA AND HYERMETROPIA

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20
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Hypermetropia is SHORT or LONG sightedness

A

LONG SIGHTEDNESS

  • Think HYPERCOASTER being a long ride
  • Short eyeball

MYTOPIA AND HYERMETROPIA

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21
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. Short sightedness, myopia is caused by a LONG or SHORT eyeball
  2. Long sightedness, hypermetropia is caused by a LONG or SHORT eyeball
A
  1. LONG
  2. SHORT

  • The effects are reversed
  • A long eyeball means the light is nto reaching the back of the eye
  • Short means the light is over projecting

MYTOPIA AND HYERMETROPIA

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22
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. Short sightedness, myopia is treated with CONVEXED or CONCAVED lenses
  2. Long sightedness, hypermetropia is treated with CONVEXTED or CONCAVED lenses
A
  1. CONCAVED
  2. CONVEXED

MYTOPIA AND HYERMETROPIA

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23
Q

Health, Common Ailments

The minimum uncorrected vision a pilot must be able to read is what rating i.e. what out of 9

A

6/9

  • ability to read 30cm print from 6m

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24
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. What is an increased risk to pilots as a result of wearing contact lenses
  2. Why is this an increased risk i.e what causes the damage
A
  1. CORNEAL DAMAGE
  2. MILD HYPOIXA & DEHYDRATION DUE TO LOW HUMIDITY LEVELS

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25
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Wherever corrective glasses are used, what must a pilot carry at all times when exercising their pilots licence

A

SPARE PAIR

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26
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Long sightedness caused by lack of elasticity of the eyeball in middle age is known by what name

A

PRESBYOPIA

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27
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. When using corrective glasses, bifocal lenses ARE or ARE NOT permitted
  2. When using corrective contact lenses, bifocal lenses ARE or ARE NOT permitted
A
  1. ARE PERMITTED
  2. ARE NOT PERMITTED

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138

28
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Thea bility of the eye to adjust focus with the lens, the focusing process in which the contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscle takes place, is known as what

A

ACCOMMODATION

8
114

29
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Slight imperfections in the cornea or lens that causes difficulty in focusing is known as what

A

ASTIGMATISM

  • THINK “Astig” is “asymmetrical”

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30
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. What is the liquid called that occupies the space in front of the lens
  2. What is the liquid called that occupies the space behind of the lens
A
  1. AQUEOUS HUMOUR
  2. VITREOUS HUMOUR

  • REMEMBER
  • Advanced; meaning forward = Aqueous
  • Volume; meaning larger space = Vitreous

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116

31
Q

Health, Common Ailments

A condition caused by the aqueous humour being replaced faster than it is removed causing a build up of pressure in the eye leading to damage of the nerve fibres and ultimately loss of vision if untreated

A

GLAUCOMA

9
141

32
Q

Health, Common Ailments

A condition caused by the gradual discolouring of the lens with age with the despoiting of yellow/brown pigments causing the lens over time to become opaque and sight progressively lost

A

CATARACTS

9
140

33
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Corrective surgery for cataracts involves the removal of the lens. This restores vision to normal acuity but what ability is lost

A

ACCOMMODATION

*

34
Q

Health, Common Ailments

What is an associated risk of lightening flashes near the aircraft at night to a pilot

A

FLASH BLINDNESS

9

35
Q

Health, Common Ailments

A principle deployed in headsets to generate an anti-phase pressure wave against background noise is known as what

A

ACTIVE NOISE REDUCTION
(ANR)

10

36
Q

Health, Common Ailments

What is an associated risk to pilots using headsets where one ear is uncovered in a commercial cockpit and the other covered by the radio headset

A

HEARING DAMAGE OVER TIME

  • The practice of leaving one ear uncoveed and listening to radio transmissions with the other is unwise in the long term
  • To enable radio transmissions to be heard in this configuration the volume woudl need to be increased
  • The resulting level may be around or more 90 dB and hearing damage would occur over time

10

37
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. The blood pressure of a healthy adult heart during the SYSTOLIC PHASE is what
  2. The blood pressure of a healthy adult heart during the DIASTOLIC PHASE is what
  3. The blood pressure of a healthy adult male is considered to be
A
  1. 120 mm Hg
  2. 80 mm Hg
  3. 120/80

  • This is what gives rise to the measure of blood pressue. In this instance 120/80
  • Systolic is SQUEEZED i.e. the heart is in pump mode
  • Diastolic is DILATED i.e. the heard is in relax mode

11
70

38
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. Abnormally high blood pressure is known as HYPERTENSION or HYPOTENSION
  2. Abnormally low blood pressure is known as HYPERTENSION or HYPOTENSION
A
  1. HYPERTENSION
  2. HYPOTENSION

  • REMEMBER
  • HYPERCOASTER goes very high
  • HYPO akak HIPPO is low under water

11
71

39
Q

Health, Common Ailments

What blood pressure rate is quoted as being a sign of hypertension

A

140/90

11

40
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Hypotension will lead to reduced blood flow to the brain and heart and consequently can cause what 3 symptoms

A
  1. PALLOR COLOUR
  2. FAINTING
  3. DEATH (extreme cases)

11

41
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Hypotension, or a hypotensive state, can be brought on by what 2 things happening to the human body

A
  1. SHOCK
  2. MASSIVE BLOOD TRAUMA

  • the higher centres of the brain can be affected by lower blood pressure, causing fainting as a response to a strong emotion
  • Haemorrhage or bllod loss following an accident leads to clinical shock

11
71/72

42
Q

Health, Common Ailments

HYPETENSION or HYPOTENSION is more common and can be more permanent

A

HYPERTENSION
(high blood pressure)

12

43
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Physical activity and emotional stress is associated with HYPERTENSION or HYPOTENSION

A

HYPERTENSION

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44
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Persistent high blood pressure (hypertension) can increase the risk of what 3 health issues

A
  1. HEART ATTACKS
  2. KIDNEY FAILURE
  3. STROKES

HYPERTENSION

12

45
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Hypertension can be treated by;

[ ] Low Salt Diet
[ ] Low Protein Diet
[ ] Quitting Smoking
[ ] Vaping instead of smoking
[ ] Reducing Obesity
[ ] Demanding exercise
[ ] Mild Exercise

A

[X] Low Salt Diet
[ ] Low Protein Diet
[X] Quitting Smoking
[ ] Vaping instead of smoking
[X] Reducing Obesity
[ ] Demanding exercise
[X] Mild Exercise

12

46
Q

Health, Common Ailments

The heart depends on what vessel to supply blood and nutrients to it

A

CORONARY ARTERIES

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47
Q

Health, Common Ailments

The progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries with age or sometimes at times with physical or emotional stress is known as what

A

ANGINA

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48
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Angina is an early indication of what condition

A

HEART DISEASE

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49
Q

Health, Common Ailments

The risk factors of developing coronary heart disease in respective order are;

[ ] Lack of exercise
[ ] Smoking
[ ] High blood pressure
[ ] Family history
[ ] Diabetes
[ ] High blood cholesterol

A

[1] Family history
[2] Smoking
[3] High blood pressure
[4] High blood cholesterol
[5 ] Lack of exercise
[6] Diabetes

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50
Q

Health, Common Ailments

What are the symptoms of Angina’

[ ] Chest Pain
[ ] Nausea
[ ] Vomitting
[ ] Sweating
[ ] Pain in left arm
[ ] Shortage of breath
[ ] Pins and Needles
[ ] Red flushed skin

A

[X] Chest Pain
[ ] Nausea
[ ] Vomitting
[ ] Sweating
[X] Pain in left arm
[ ] Shortage of breath
[ ] Pins and Needles
[ ] Red flushed skin

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51
Q

Health, Common Ailments

What are the symptoms of a heart attack (aka heart failure or myocardium infarct)

[ ] Chest Pain
[ ] Nausea
[ ] Vomitting
[ ] Sweating
[ ] Pale skin palour
[ ] High pulse rate
[ ] Low pulse rate
[ ] Pain in left arm
[ ] Shortage of breath
[ ] Pins and Needles
[ ] Red flushed skin

A

[X] Chest Pain
[X] Nausea
[X] Vomitting
[X] Sweating
[X] Pale skin palour
[X] High pulse rate
[ ] Low pulse rate
[X] Pain in left arm
[X] Shortage of breath
[ ] Pins and Needles
[ ] Red flushed skin

  • high pulse rate is associated with adrenaline being released into the body to try and increase the heart rate

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52
Q

Health, Common Ailments

What is the formular to determine BMI

A

Weight (kg) / Height² (m²)

  • BMI is weight in kg divided by height in meters squared

14

53
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. A resulting BMI of ____ is considered overweight
  2. A resulting BMI over ____ is considered obese
A
  1. 25
  2. 30

EXAMPLE
* A man is 1.83m tall and weights 82kg. He is
* (a) Below normal weight
* (b) Normal weight
* (c) above normal weight
* (d) obese

SOLUTION
* Apply formula weight (kg) / height²
* 82 / 1.83²
* 82 / 3.35
* 24.48
* ** NORMAL WEIGHT**

14

54
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. The rate at which energy is burnt off is known as what
  2. The mechanism to cater for energy being burnt off is what
A
  1. METABOLIC RATE
  2. METABOLISM

14

55
Q

Health, Common Ailments

Being obese has which of the following associated risks;

[ ] Reduced ability to cope with Hypoxia and decompression sickness
[ ] Reduced ability to see during night flying
[ ] Reduced ability to withstand G forces
[ ] Sleep apneoa
[ ] Sleep terrors
[ ] Joint paints
[ ] Excessive urination

A

[X] Reduced ability to cope with Hypoxia and decompression sickness
[ ] Reduced ability to see during night flying
[X] Reduced ability to withstand G forces
[X] Sleep apneoa
[ ] Sleep terrors
[X] Joint paints
[ ] Excessive urination

14

56
Q

Health, Common Ailments

“The length of time sat in a poorly adjusted seating position, in which height of the pilot and poor physical fitness excaterbate the issue, can lead to this back issue”

This is the defintiion of what sort of back pain

A

LOWER BACK PAIN
(LBP)

15

57
Q

Health, Common Ailments

A type of back pain typical in pilots commonly called a slipped disc is known as what

A

PROLAPSED INTERVERTERBRAL DISC
(PID)

58
Q

Health, Common Ailments

The body obtains its energy from;

[ ] Fats
[ ] Sugars
[ ] Carbohydrates
[ ] Protein
[ ] Vitimins

A

[ ] Fats
[ ] Sugars
[X] Carbohydrates
[X] Protein
[ ] Vitimins

16

59
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. Excessively low blood sugar levels is known as HYPERGLYCAEMIA or HYPOGLYCAEMIA
  2. Excessively high blood sugar levels is known as HYPERGLYCAEMIA or HYPOGLYCAEMIA
A
  1. HYPOGLYCAEMIA
  2. HYPERGLYCAEMIA

17

60
Q

Health, Common Ailments

A pilot suffering from hypoglycaemia may exhibit which of the following symptoms;

[ ] Headache
[ ] Hyper concentration
[ ] Lack of concentration
[ ] Nausea
[ ] Hunger pains
[ ] Fainting
[ ] Racing heart beat
[ ] Low G tolerance
[ ] High G tolerance

A

[X] Headache
[ ] Hyper concentration
[X] Lack of concentration
[X] Nausea
[ ] Hunger pains
[X] Fainting
[ ] Racing heart beat
[X] Low G tolerance
[ ] High G tolerance

17

60
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. Insulin is secreted by the PANCREAS or ADRENAL GLANDS or KIDNEYS
  2. Adrenaline is secreted by the PANCREAS or ADRENAL GLANDS or KIDNEYS
A
  1. PANCREAS
  2. ADRENAL GLANDS

17
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61
Q

Health, Common Ailments

  1. The recommended daily intake of water for men is 1.3 or 1.6 or 2 or 2.5 litres of water
  2. The recommended daily intake of water for women is 1.3 or 1.6 or 2 or 2.5 litres of water
A
  1. 2 LTR
  2. 1.6 LTR

17

62
Q

Health, Common Ailments

A pilot suffering from hypoglycaemia may exhibit which of the following symptoms;

[ ] Headache
[ ] Hyper concentration
[ ] Lack of concentration
[ ] Nausea
[ ] Hunger pains
[ ] Fainting
[ ] Racing heart beat
[ ] Low G tolerance
[ ] High G tolerance

A

[X] Headache
[ ] Hyper concentration
[X] Lack of concentration
[X] Nausea
[ ] Hunger pains
[X] Fainting
[ ] Racing heart beat
[X] Low G tolerance
[ ] High G tolerance

17

ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Human Performance (22 decks)

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