20 Flashcards
The General Systems Theory represents?
A holistic way of integrating other approaches. It is not a psychological theory.
The Systems-Interaction Model integrates various ideas from various approaches. What is it about?
- Does not only illustrate field of study but also HR and Organisational Development
- objectives cannot be achieved alone in an organisation
- individuals best understood when examined in context of org systems around them
What is acute stress?
Intense stress
What is protracted stress?
Chronic
Which approach studies chronic stress?
The Hassles-and-Uplifts approach
On what scale is life stress measured?
Life-change Units (LCU)
What is the Diathesis Stress Model used for?
In psychiatric and medical practise
which proposes that certain people
might be predisposed to maladjustment if certain biological or other related stressors are present
What is Etiology?
Causes or determinants of psychological disorders
Name the 4 causes of psychological disorders.
Biological factors
Psychological factors
Sociocultural factors
Workrelated factors
What created a person’s unique personal attributes?
Genetic endowment and socialisation
What is the DSM (Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) used?
To classify different types of conditions or syndromes in mental illness or emotional maladjustment.
According to the DSM diagnostic system, when is an Axis 1 diagnosis made?
With any clinical disorder or related clinical condition - which are stressful and impair social and work functioning)
According to the DSM diagnostic system, when is an Axis II diagnosis made?
With:
PERSONALITY disorders
MENTAL retardness
- problems impairing social and work functioning
In the DSM diagnostics system, when is an Axis III diagnosis made?
With
-possible MEDICAL / PHYSICAL problems
which may influence psycho functioning
On the DSM diagnostic system, when is a person diagnosed with Axis IV ?
PsychoSocial and Environmental problems
which might affect treatment of pscho disorders
On the DSM diagnostic system, when is a person diagnosed with an Axis V?
On a scale of 1-100
Global assessment of person’s general functioning in various roles
On the DSM diagnostic system which Axis address occupational behaviours?
Axis IV
to small degree I and V
Which system is used in association with the DSM and is preferred by medical aids?
International Classification of Disease systems (ICD)
What does the ICD system emphasise more in mental diagnosis?
More medical and biological aspects
Explain GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome).
Explains reaction to
acute and chronic stress.
It describes how the human body reacts when stress is experienced through the nervous / endocrine systems
Which model describes the response to threat of loss, actual loss or inability to gain / regain resources?
The Conservation of Resources Model
by Hobfoll
Resources would include :
any personal attribute eg. Self-esteem
physical resources eg. Friends
What do Adjustment disorders relate to?
Stress reactions to adverse life-events
What is psychosomatic disorders?
Psycho-psychological disorders - manifestation of physical symptoms as a result of psychological stress and negative emotions
Name 3 well known diseases associated with psycho-physiological disease.
Stomach ulcers
Headaches - migraines
Cardiovascular disease
Name the 3 phases in the GAS General Adaptation Syndrome.
Phase 1 - ALARM and mobilisation
Phase 2 - RESISTANCE
Phase 3 - EXHAUSTION and disintegration phase
Name 5 Anxiety Disorders.
GAD - Generalised Anxiety Disorder
OCD - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
PTSD - Post traumatic Stress Disorder
Panic disorders
Phobic disorders
What are personality disorders also sometimes referred to?
Character / social or impulse control disorders
In contrast to people with anxiety disorders, why would people with personality disorders not seek help?
They often experience their deviance as an integral part of themselves (egosyntonic)
Name the 3 Personality Disorders characterised by odd / eccentric behaviour.
PARANOID
egotistical, hypersensitivity, suspicious, jealous
SCHIZOID
extreme introversion, inability to form and maintain friendships, low level of emotional response
SCHIZOTYPICAL
not schizophrenic, low levels of emotion, detached behaviour, anxiety in relationships, superstition, magical thinking
Name the 4 personality disorders characterised by dramatic, emotional or erratic behaviour.
NARCISSISTIC
excessive concern about own importance
although seem self-assured they are actually very naive and insecure
unable to have binding relationships
ANTISOCIAL / SOCIOPATYHY / PSYCHOPATH
lack of judgement, transgresses rules, often aggressive, manipulate others, few signs of responsibility/guilt/remorse
poor interpersonal relationships
HISTRIONIC
hysteric behaviour, seeks attention, egocentric, flirtatious, excessively emotional, exaggerate medical problems
BORDERLINE
mixed symptoms including unstable emotional life, impulsive, poor self-image, strong need for affection, maintains disturbed relationships
Name the 3 personality disorders associated with anxious and fearful behaviour.
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE
irrational concern with neatness, detail, rules, preoccupied with own activities and cannot express emotions
AVIODANT
social anxiety, fear of rejection, social withdrawal, low self-esteem, fear of criticism
DEPENDENT
lack of confidence, submission, dependence on other people, inefficiency in responsibility / making decisions.
What are the Impulsive-control disorders, including explosive personality disorder characterised by?
Problems in controlling temptations, impulses and needs
which may result in harm to themselves
Name the 4 types of mood disorders.
MAJOR depressive disorder - persistent and recurring episodes of sadness / depression
DYSTHYMIC depressive disorder - mild but persistent type of depression
BIPOLAR affective disorder - manic episodes
CYCLOTHYMIC disorder - chronic mood disturbance with numerous fluctuations between manic and depressive episodes
Suicide is associated with which disorders mostly?
Psychological, especially mood disorders
What is Psychosis?
The gravest degree of psychological disorders.
Severe degree of psychological disorganisation incl. thought, attention, perceptual, motor and behavioural impairment.
Define Paranoid Schizophrenia?
Absurd and illogical delusions
Delusions of grandeur or persecution
Behaviour can become dangerous
Define Catatonic schizophrenia.
Is a motor behaviour disorder
Can be dangerous behaviour
Define Hebephrenic / Disorganised schizophrenia.
Severe disintegration of personality
Total emotional blunting, inappropriate emotions
Sometimes vulgar
Incoherent speech
Define Simple schizophrenia.
Often at young age Diminishing interest in life Emotional blunting Social withdrawal Moodiness Irritation
What is cognitive disorders a result of?
Impairment to the brain functioning such as injuries, intoxication and age deterioration.
What is a Mnesic disorder?
A cognitive disorder that involve loss of memory
Inability to learn new material / recall
What is Dementia?
A cognitive disorder Change in personality Loss of emotional control Progressive loss of cognitive functions Alzheimers, Parkinson's and Huntington disease
Describe type A personality
Wants to be in control
Unrealistic expectations
Describe type B personalities
More calm
Relaxes orientation
Less on performance
More on relationships
Describe type C personality
Emotionally contained
Prone to cancer
Faster disease progression
Describe type D personality
Distressed personality type
Negative affectivity
High risk cardiovascular disease
