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20 Flashcards

1
Q

The General Systems Theory represents?

A

A holistic way of integrating other approaches. It is not a psychological theory.

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2
Q

The Systems-Interaction Model integrates various ideas from various approaches. What is it about?

A
  • Does not only illustrate field of study but also HR and Organisational Development
  • objectives cannot be achieved alone in an organisation
  • individuals best understood when examined in context of org systems around them
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3
Q

What is acute stress?

A

Intense stress

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4
Q

What is protracted stress?

A

Chronic

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5
Q

Which approach studies chronic stress?

A

The Hassles-and-Uplifts approach

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6
Q

On what scale is life stress measured?

A

Life-change Units (LCU)

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7
Q

What is the Diathesis Stress Model used for?

A

In psychiatric and medical practise
which proposes that certain people
might be predisposed to maladjustment if certain biological or other related stressors are present

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8
Q

What is Etiology?

A

Causes or determinants of psychological disorders

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9
Q

Name the 4 causes of psychological disorders.

A

Biological factors
Psychological factors
Sociocultural factors
Workrelated factors

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10
Q

What created a person’s unique personal attributes?

A

Genetic endowment and socialisation

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11
Q

What is the DSM (Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) used?

A

To classify different types of conditions or syndromes in mental illness or emotional maladjustment.

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12
Q

According to the DSM diagnostic system, when is an Axis 1 diagnosis made?

A

With any clinical disorder or related clinical condition - which are stressful and impair social and work functioning)

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13
Q

According to the DSM diagnostic system, when is an Axis II diagnosis made?

A

With:
PERSONALITY disorders
MENTAL retardness
- problems impairing social and work functioning

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14
Q

In the DSM diagnostics system, when is an Axis III diagnosis made?

A

With
-possible MEDICAL / PHYSICAL problems
which may influence psycho functioning

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15
Q

On the DSM diagnostic system, when is a person diagnosed with Axis IV ?

A

PsychoSocial and Environmental problems

which might affect treatment of pscho disorders

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16
Q

On the DSM diagnostic system, when is a person diagnosed with an Axis V?

A

On a scale of 1-100

Global assessment of person’s general functioning in various roles

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17
Q

On the DSM diagnostic system which Axis address occupational behaviours?

A

Axis IV

to small degree I and V

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18
Q

Which system is used in association with the DSM and is preferred by medical aids?

A

International Classification of Disease systems (ICD)

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19
Q

What does the ICD system emphasise more in mental diagnosis?

A

More medical and biological aspects

20
Q

Explain GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome).

A

Explains reaction to
acute and chronic stress.

It describes how the human body reacts when stress is experienced through the nervous / endocrine systems

21
Q

Which model describes the response to threat of loss, actual loss or inability to gain / regain resources?

A

The Conservation of Resources Model
by Hobfoll

Resources would include :
any personal attribute eg. Self-esteem
physical resources eg. Friends

22
Q

What do Adjustment disorders relate to?

A

Stress reactions to adverse life-events

23
Q

What is psychosomatic disorders?

A

Psycho-psychological disorders - manifestation of physical symptoms as a result of psychological stress and negative emotions

24
Q

Name 3 well known diseases associated with psycho-physiological disease.

A

Stomach ulcers
Headaches - migraines
Cardiovascular disease

25
Q

Name the 3 phases in the GAS General Adaptation Syndrome.

A

Phase 1 - ALARM and mobilisation

Phase 2 - RESISTANCE

Phase 3 - EXHAUSTION and disintegration phase

26
Q

Name 5 Anxiety Disorders.

A

GAD - Generalised Anxiety Disorder

OCD - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

PTSD - Post traumatic Stress Disorder

Panic disorders

Phobic disorders

27
Q

What are personality disorders also sometimes referred to?

A

Character / social or impulse control disorders

28
Q

In contrast to people with anxiety disorders, why would people with personality disorders not seek help?

A

They often experience their deviance as an integral part of themselves (egosyntonic)

29
Q

Name the 3 Personality Disorders characterised by odd / eccentric behaviour.

A

PARANOID
egotistical, hypersensitivity, suspicious, jealous

SCHIZOID
extreme introversion, inability to form and maintain friendships, low level of emotional response

SCHIZOTYPICAL
not schizophrenic, low levels of emotion, detached behaviour, anxiety in relationships, superstition, magical thinking

30
Q

Name the 4 personality disorders characterised by dramatic, emotional or erratic behaviour.

A

NARCISSISTIC
excessive concern about own importance
although seem self-assured they are actually very naive and insecure
unable to have binding relationships

ANTISOCIAL / SOCIOPATYHY / PSYCHOPATH
lack of judgement, transgresses rules, often aggressive, manipulate others, few signs of responsibility/guilt/remorse
poor interpersonal relationships

HISTRIONIC
hysteric behaviour, seeks attention, egocentric, flirtatious, excessively emotional, exaggerate medical problems

BORDERLINE
mixed symptoms including unstable emotional life, impulsive, poor self-image, strong need for affection, maintains disturbed relationships

31
Q

Name the 3 personality disorders associated with anxious and fearful behaviour.

A

OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE
irrational concern with neatness, detail, rules, preoccupied with own activities and cannot express emotions

AVIODANT
social anxiety, fear of rejection, social withdrawal, low self-esteem, fear of criticism

DEPENDENT
lack of confidence, submission, dependence on other people, inefficiency in responsibility / making decisions.

32
Q

What are the Impulsive-control disorders, including explosive personality disorder characterised by?

A

Problems in controlling temptations, impulses and needs

which may result in harm to themselves

33
Q

Name the 4 types of mood disorders.

A

MAJOR depressive disorder - persistent and recurring episodes of sadness / depression

DYSTHYMIC depressive disorder - mild but persistent type of depression

BIPOLAR affective disorder - manic episodes

CYCLOTHYMIC disorder - chronic mood disturbance with numerous fluctuations between manic and depressive episodes

34
Q

Suicide is associated with which disorders mostly?

A

Psychological, especially mood disorders

35
Q

What is Psychosis?

A

The gravest degree of psychological disorders.

Severe degree of psychological disorganisation incl. thought, attention, perceptual, motor and behavioural impairment.

36
Q

Define Paranoid Schizophrenia?

A

Absurd and illogical delusions
Delusions of grandeur or persecution
Behaviour can become dangerous

37
Q

Define Catatonic schizophrenia.

A

Is a motor behaviour disorder

Can be dangerous behaviour

38
Q

Define Hebephrenic / Disorganised schizophrenia.

A

Severe disintegration of personality
Total emotional blunting, inappropriate emotions
Sometimes vulgar
Incoherent speech

39
Q

Define Simple schizophrenia.

A 
Often at young age
Diminishing interest in life
Emotional blunting
Social withdrawal
Moodiness
Irritation
40
Q

What is cognitive disorders a result of?

A

Impairment to the brain functioning such as injuries, intoxication and age deterioration.

41
Q

What is a Mnesic disorder?

A

A cognitive disorder that involve loss of memory

Inability to learn new material / recall

42
Q

What is Dementia?

A 
A cognitive disorder 
Change in personality
Loss of emotional control
Progressive loss of cognitive functions
Alzheimers, Parkinson's and Huntington disease
43
Q

Describe type A personality

A

Wants to be in control

Unrealistic expectations

44
Q

Describe type B personalities

A

More calm
Relaxes orientation
Less on performance
More on relationships

45
Q

Describe type C personality

A

Emotionally contained
Prone to cancer
Faster disease progression

46
Q

Describe type D personality

A

Distressed personality type
Negative affectivity
High risk cardiovascular disease

ps (34 decks)

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