20

Question 1

The General Systems Theory represents?

Answer 1

A holistic way of integrating other approaches. It is not a psychological theory.

Question 2

The Systems-Interaction Model integrates various ideas from various approaches. What is it about?

Answer 2

• Does not only illustrate field of study but also HR and Organisational Development
• objectives cannot be achieved alone in an organisation
• individuals best understood when examined in context of org systems around them

Question 3

What is acute stress?

Answer 3

Intense stress

Question 4

What is protracted stress?

Answer 4

Chronic

Question 5

Which approach studies chronic stress?

Answer 5

The Hassles-and-Uplifts approach

Question 6

On what scale is life stress measured?

Answer 6

Life-change Units (LCU)

Question 7

What is the Diathesis Stress Model used for?

Answer 7

In psychiatric and medical practise
which proposes that certain people
might be predisposed to maladjustment if certain biological or other related stressors are present

Question 8

What is Etiology?

Answer 8

Causes or determinants of psychological disorders

Question 9

Name the 4 causes of psychological disorders.

Answer 9

Biological factors
Psychological factors
Sociocultural factors
Workrelated factors

Question 10

What created a person’s unique personal attributes?

Answer 10

Genetic endowment and socialisation

Question 11

What is the DSM (Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) used?

Answer 11

To classify different types of conditions or syndromes in mental illness or emotional maladjustment.

Question 12

According to the DSM diagnostic system, when is an Axis 1 diagnosis made?

Answer 12

With any clinical disorder or related clinical condition - which are stressful and impair social and work functioning)

Question 13

According to the DSM diagnostic system, when is an Axis II diagnosis made?

Answer 13

With:
PERSONALITY disorders
MENTAL retardness
- problems impairing social and work functioning

Question 14

In the DSM diagnostics system, when is an Axis III diagnosis made?

Answer 14

With
-possible MEDICAL / PHYSICAL problems
which may influence psycho functioning

Question 15

On the DSM diagnostic system, when is a person diagnosed with Axis IV ?

Answer 15

PsychoSocial and Environmental problems

which might affect treatment of pscho disorders

Question 16

On the DSM diagnostic system, when is a person diagnosed with an Axis V?

Answer 16

On a scale of 1-100

Global assessment of person’s general functioning in various roles

Question 17

On the DSM diagnostic system which Axis address occupational behaviours?

Answer 17

Axis IV

to small degree I and V

Question 18

Which system is used in association with the DSM and is preferred by medical aids?

Answer 18

International Classification of Disease systems (ICD)

Question 19

What does the ICD system emphasise more in mental diagnosis?

Answer 19

More medical and biological aspects

Question 20

Explain GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome).

Answer 20

Explains reaction to
acute and chronic stress.

It describes how the human body reacts when stress is experienced through the nervous / endocrine systems

Question 21

Which model describes the response to threat of loss, actual loss or inability to gain / regain resources?

Answer 21

The Conservation of Resources Model
by Hobfoll

Resources would include :
any personal attribute eg. Self-esteem
physical resources eg. Friends

Question 22

What do Adjustment disorders relate to?

Answer 22

Stress reactions to adverse life-events

Question 23

What is psychosomatic disorders?

Answer 23

Psycho-psychological disorders - manifestation of physical symptoms as a result of psychological stress and negative emotions

Question 24

Name 3 well known diseases associated with psycho-physiological disease.

Answer 24

Stomach ulcers
Headaches - migraines
Cardiovascular disease

Question 25

Name the 3 phases in the GAS General Adaptation Syndrome.

Answer 25

Phase 1 - ALARM and mobilisation Phase 2 - RESISTANCE Phase 3 - EXHAUSTION and disintegration phase

Question 26

Name 5 Anxiety Disorders.

Answer 26

GAD - Generalised Anxiety Disorder OCD - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder PTSD - Post traumatic Stress Disorder Panic disorders Phobic disorders

Question 27

What are personality disorders also sometimes referred to?

Answer 27

Character / social or impulse control disorders

Question 28

In contrast to people with anxiety disorders, why would people with personality disorders not seek help?

Answer 28

They often experience their deviance as an integral part of themselves (egosyntonic)

Question 29

Name the 3 Personality Disorders characterised by odd / eccentric behaviour.

Answer 29

PARANOID egotistical, hypersensitivity, suspicious, jealous SCHIZOID extreme introversion, inability to form and maintain friendships, low level of emotional response SCHIZOTYPICAL not schizophrenic, low levels of emotion, detached behaviour, anxiety in relationships, superstition, magical thinking

Question 30

Name the 4 personality disorders characterised by dramatic, emotional or erratic behaviour.

Answer 30

NARCISSISTIC excessive concern about own importance although seem self-assured they are actually very naive and insecure unable to have binding relationships ANTISOCIAL / SOCIOPATYHY / PSYCHOPATH lack of judgement, transgresses rules, often aggressive, manipulate others, few signs of responsibility/guilt/remorse poor interpersonal relationships HISTRIONIC hysteric behaviour, seeks attention, egocentric, flirtatious, excessively emotional, exaggerate medical problems BORDERLINE mixed symptoms including unstable emotional life, impulsive, poor self-image, strong need for affection, maintains disturbed relationships

Question 31

Name the 3 personality disorders associated with anxious and fearful behaviour.

Answer 31

OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE irrational concern with neatness, detail, rules, preoccupied with own activities and cannot express emotions AVIODANT social anxiety, fear of rejection, social withdrawal, low self-esteem, fear of criticism DEPENDENT lack of confidence, submission, dependence on other people, inefficiency in responsibility / making decisions.

Question 32

What are the Impulsive-control disorders, including explosive personality disorder characterised by?

Answer 32

Problems in controlling temptations, impulses and needs | which may result in harm to themselves

Question 33

Name the 4 types of mood disorders.

Answer 33

MAJOR depressive disorder - persistent and recurring episodes of sadness / depression DYSTHYMIC depressive disorder - mild but persistent type of depression BIPOLAR affective disorder - manic episodes CYCLOTHYMIC disorder - chronic mood disturbance with numerous fluctuations between manic and depressive episodes

Question 34

Suicide is associated with which disorders mostly?

Answer 34

Psychological, especially mood disorders

Question 35

What is Psychosis?

Answer 35

The gravest degree of psychological disorders. | Severe degree of psychological disorganisation incl. thought, attention, perceptual, motor and behavioural impairment.

Question 36

Define Paranoid Schizophrenia?

Answer 36

Absurd and illogical delusions Delusions of grandeur or persecution Behaviour can become dangerous

Question 37

Define Catatonic schizophrenia.

Answer 37

Is a motor behaviour disorder | Can be dangerous behaviour

Question 38

Define Hebephrenic / Disorganised schizophrenia.

Answer 38

Severe disintegration of personality Total emotional blunting, inappropriate emotions Sometimes vulgar Incoherent speech

Question 39

Define Simple schizophrenia.

Answer 39

``` Often at young age Diminishing interest in life Emotional blunting Social withdrawal Moodiness Irritation ```

Question 40

What is cognitive disorders a result of?

Answer 40

Impairment to the brain functioning such as injuries, intoxication and age deterioration.

Question 41

What is a Mnesic disorder?

Answer 41

A cognitive disorder that involve loss of memory | Inability to learn new material / recall

Question 42

What is Dementia?

Answer 42

``` A cognitive disorder Change in personality Loss of emotional control Progressive loss of cognitive functions Alzheimers, Parkinson's and Huntington disease ```

Question 43

Describe type A personality

Answer 43

Wants to be in control | Unrealistic expectations

Question 44

Describe type B personalities

Answer 44

More calm Relaxes orientation Less on performance More on relationships

Question 45

Describe type C personality

Answer 45

Emotionally contained Prone to cancer Faster disease progression

Question 46

Describe type D personality

Answer 46

Distressed personality type Negative affectivity High risk cardiovascular disease