14.8 Personality Adjustment Flashcards
Though life has its frustrations, a well-adjusted person is able to do 2 things.
Love and work
How did Klein propose a well-adjusted adult operate?
If more from the depressive position, the person would be more adjusted
How did Adler view the healthy individual?
As measured by his success in fulfilling the 3 major challenges of life; society, love and marriage
How did Jung view the ideal personality type?
He did not single out any of his personality types because he believed that everyone possessed all attitudes and functions in various degrees. All were necessary for successful living.
The integrated individual has all Jung’s factors acting in harmony. But people who are nearly pure types are seen as?
Pathological
Freud believed that there are no clear boundaries between mental illness and mental health. Both neurotic and healthy people struggled with the same conflicts. Where does the difference then lie?
In the extent of the negative impact of these conflicts on functioning.
What was anxiety previously referred to?
As neorosis - emerges from fixated libidinal development.
How does anxiety (neuroses) develop?
As a result of pressure on the ego to balance the demands of the ID and the superego.
Name the 3 forms of anxiety according to Freud.
Reality anxiety
(real dangers)
Neurotic anxiety
(ID in conflict with ego - generally happens in childhood when punished for impulsive sexual and aggressive behaviour)
Moral anxiety
(Conflict between ego and superego - fear of guilt feelings)
According to Freud, when is a fixated libido expressed?
In adult life according to the character types or traits.
Which personality types are often described as being gullible?
Oral personalities
What did Freud view as an important tool in curing neurosis?
Transference - patient transfer emotional attitudes to the therapist, which was felt as a child.
Name the 2 types of Transference therapies Freud distinguished between.
Positive transference - friendly positive feelings towards therapist
Negative transference - angry, hostile feelings
Did Freud believe that neurotics could be cured?
Yes
Jung agreed with Freud that sexuality was the main cause for neurosis in young adults but in contrast to Freud, felt that ………. led to neurosis.
a denial of religious needs in older adults
How did Adler view neurosis?
As the result of feelings of inferiority leading to self-absorption and neurosis.
One way of overcoming feelings of inferiority is to overemphasising od another form of behaviour.
Maladjusted people lack ….
Social interest
They are self-centered and strive for personal superiority and superiority over others
What interesting view did Adler hold on how psychopathology expressed itselftjrough work?
Pathology is indicated when a person who is in an unhappy marriage try to escape by becoming a “workaholic” / when a person is unable to accept a subordinate position.
What did Freud believe in terms of the components of a healthy personality?
They worked together
under the influence of the ego
to achieve pleasurable
but safe discharges of tension
How did Horney view neurosis?
As any deviation from normal behaviour - not necessarily pathological per se.
According to Horney, only when does pathological behavour occur?
Only if external forces (such as poor parenting) block a person’s innate tendency towards positive growth.
Horney’s theory of pathology is also based on the concept of “basic anxiety”. Explain.
The predominant reason that basic anxiety develops is from parent-child relationships and the absence of genuine love and affection. The child responds to basic anxiety by developing a neurotic trend.
Horney differed from Freud (who claimed that neurosis was the result of frustration of the sexual instinct). How?
She maintained that sexual difficulty was the result - and not cause - of conflicts.
Name Horney’s 3 identified neurotic trends (which are present in ALL people but over-accentuated in the neurotic)
The exclusive use of a single type of behaviour, regardless the situation, is indicative of neurosis.
1) COMPLIANT TYPE - moving towards people
2) HOSTILE TYPE - moving against people
3) DETACHED TYPE - moving away from people
