14.6 Motivation & Personality Flashcards
Where do instinct derive its energy from?
The constant conflicts between ID drives and Superego requirements. This drives behaviour to attain satisfaction at all costs.
People are mostly not aware of what motivated their behaviour. Why is that?
According to Jung, both archetypes and instinct reside in the unconscious. This plays an important role in personality.
Give a synonym for archetypes.
Universal inherited predispositions
Which instinct did Freud believe was the most important in the development of personality?
Libido
By what age did Freud believe human personality formed?
Age 6
Klein demonstrated that early development consists of 2 distinct but overlapping positions. What are they?
- Paranoid-schizoid (part objects -good or bad) first 3 to 4 months of development
- depressive position (whole objects - good and bad) from 5th month to end of 1st year of life.
According to Klein, can the Depressive position be completely maintained?
No, when self-esteem is threatened the person regress to paranoid-schiziod position whereby primitive process of splitting (black / white thinking - all / nothing thinking) and projection is reactivated.
In contrast to Freud’s insistence that childhood events determine personality Jung adhered to the “teleological principle”. What is this about?
It links the present with a future goal
that guides and directs behaviour
Adler stated that human infants begin life with ……. Something that is never outgrown.
Sense of inferiority
Defence mechanisms is another important factor in personality. What is their purpose?
To cope with anxiety that develops as a result of unconscious conflicts.
What are the 2 features of Defence Mechanisms?
1) operate on an unconscious level
2) they distort reality - less threating
How did Freud and Jung agree on the basic motivating force?
It is biological in nature and often unconscious - Instinct
