14.4 Roles Of Unconscious & Consious In Personality Flashcards
What is the African analogy like the iceberg?
Hippo swimming under water.
What is the major driving power behind people’s behaviour? This is also used to explain all behaviour.
The unconscious
What concept of unconscious factors motivating behaviour has been applied through work situations?
The Johari window
Who coined the concept of the Johari window?
Luft and Ingram
What does Object Relations Theory emphasise?
The importance of an individual’s relations with actual (external) fantasised (internal) objects. It allows an analysis of the person and his/her relations with internal or external objects.
Why is the word ‘object’ used in Object Relations theory?
Because relations are not only with people. They can be with a group, an idea, an organisation, a symbol or parts of the body.
Who is considered as one of the foremost object relations theorists?
Melanie Klein
What is the purpose of the Johari window concept?
It provides a model for feedback on self-knowledge, and personal, interpersonal and communicative behaviour.
Freud believed the human mind was divided into 3 levels of awareness. Also called the TOPOGRAPHICAL MODEL of the mind. Name the 3 levels.
1) the conscious
2) the preconcious (available memory)
3) the unconcious
What is the Jahari window used for in organisations?
To facilitate growth and learning.
Describe the process taken with the Jahari window in organisations.
It entails self-disclosure whereby individuals open up and talk about themselves
and
also receive feedback from others on their behaviour
How did Klein develop conclusions about infant development and unconscious processes?
Through processes of
Childhood development observation
and
Psychoanalytic play techniques
Klein demonstrated that adulthood has its roots in infancy. How did she demonstrate this?
By showing that the earliest activities of the ego are involved in various defence mechanisms (such as projection)
in an attempt to exclude particular anxieties from consciousness.
Klein focussed in her research of childhood development, on the development of the dyad and triad. What are these?
Dyat - infant and significant other relationship
Triad - infant, mother and father relationship
Klein claims that an infant, in the primary categorise everything. Explain.
The infant categorise the first relationship (between infant and significant other) into that which satisfies him/her (good)
and
what frustrates him/her (bad)
These are seen as PART OBJECTS (either good or bad) WHOLE OBJECTS (good and bad as integrated)
Jung agreed with Freud on the notion of the unconscious but added another dimention called the collective unconscious. What is this.
Certain culturally inherited predispositions and experiences common to all people
Jung described 3 levels of consciousness. What are these?
1) Ego / conscious mind in contact with reality
2) personal unconscious
3) collective unconscious
What test did Jung develop on unconscious?
A word-association test
which provided the 1st experimental data on unconscious processes
and is still used widely today.
Delayed responses to the word-association test of Jung indicated what?
Indicate a complex or that the person is lying
How does Jung’s word-association test work?
Standard list of words are read to a person which has to respond with the first word that comes to mind.
Social psychodynamists like Adler regarded humans as largely conscious + able to rise above their past experiences. Why?
Because of the emphasis of
social and cultural factors
rather than biologically driven instincts.
What image has been used to describe Adler’s view on the conscious and unconscious and why?
The jade tree.
It has a small underground root system (the unconscious) and extensive growth above the ground (consciousness)
How did Adler differ from Freud in terms of the results of conscious and unconscious experiences forming personality?
That people were able to overcome their instinct and the effects of the past
and to strive for more fulfilling lives
shaping their own destinies
and improving themselves.
