13 Oxford Notes Flashcards
*Where did the clinical approach originated from?
Studies on mental illness
*Depth psychology?
Unconscious factors
*What are the 4 assumptions of Psychodynamic theories?
1) personality structures are UNCONSCIOUS
2) people are mostly UNAWARE OF BEHAVIOUR
3) early CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT is formative - more significant than development in adult life
4) personality remains STABLE across time and situations
*What are the most dominant factors influencing personality in Behaviourist / Leaning theories?
Environment + circumstances
- What are the 4 assumptions of behaviourist / learning theories?
1) personality develops as certain behaviours OCCUR and are REWARDED
2) personality is NOT STABLE
3) individual diff - DIFF LEARNING EXPERIENCES
4) theories depend on OBSERVABLE, OBJECTIVE experiments
*In humanist / phenomenological / existential approaches how does personality develop?
Over life-span
Not necessarily controlled by unconscious motives and environmental factors
*How do humanistic approaches explain diff in people?
The result of every person’s uniqueness
*How can traits be measured?
Psychometric instruments
*Trait theories contributed most to? (3)
- CLASSIFICATION of personality (trait type models)
- HOLISTIC view of personality
- classification of and MEASUREMENT of individual diff
*Cognitive and social-cognitive theory believe people are ….
Rational and thinking
*In cognitive theories how do personality form?
People FORM their OWN personality and destiny using
cognitive powers and knowledge
to create + change
COGNITIVE CONSTRUCT and SCHEMAS
*According to cognitive theories according to what do people act?
Their acquired thinking
or
knowledge of the world
*In cognitive theory is personality consistent?
No, change as cognitive constructs change
*What do social-cognitive theory emphasise?
That specific psychologically important situations have diff influences on diff individuals
*Who founded psychoanalytical theories?
Sigmund Freud
