1.8 Virtue Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Define virtue

A

behaviour showing high moral standards

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2
Q

What is another term for virtue?

A
  • excellence
  • arete
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3
Q

What type of ethical theory is virtue ethics

A

Character based

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4
Q

What are character based ethics

A

ethical theories which focus on the character of the individual

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5
Q

Who proposed virtue ethics?

A

Aristotle

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6
Q

What is Aristotle’s main work?

A

Nichomachean ethics

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7
Q

Where does the term virtue stem from?

A

Greek work arete meaning virtue, excellence

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8
Q

What does virtue ethics emphasise?

A

virtues and vices of character

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9
Q

Finish Aristotle’s quote: “Excellence then is not an act …

A

“it is a habit”

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10
Q

What does the quote excellence is not an act, it is a habit, mean?

A

virtues are practiced

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11
Q

Why is VE culturally relativist?

A

It focuses on virtues prized by socieities at different times and cultures

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12
Q

How is VE also teleological?

A

It focuses on eudaimonia

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13
Q

What is eudaimonia?

A

supreme happiness

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14
Q

What is the highest form of happiness according to Aristotle?

A

theoria - contemplation

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15
Q

What is the function argument?

A

human good is a function of the soul in accordance with virtue

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16
Q

What kind of souls do we have according to aristotle?

17
Q

Finish Aristotle’s quote: “an activity of the soul …

A

in accordance with virtue

18
Q

Finish Aristotle’s quote: “thus the good life is …

A

in which we exercise reason well

19
Q

What are moral virtues?

A

virtues developed through repition, practice and emulating virtuous people

20
Q

Examples of moral virtues

A
  • courage
  • temperance
  • liberality
  • patience
  • truthfulness
  • modesty
  • wittiness
21
Q

What are intellectual virtues?

A

virtues related to the mind which will help to calculate the golden mean

22
Q

Examples of intellectual virtues

A
  • scientific knowledge
  • practical wisdom
  • intelligence
23
Q

What is the doctrine of tje mean

A

finding the middle point between the extremes of excess and deficiency

24
Q

What is a problem with the golden mean?

A

the golden mean is relative to the individual

25
What is the excess and deficiency of courage
recklessness and cowardice
26
What are the three types of people according to Aristotle?
- sophron - enkrates - akrates
27
who is the sophron?
someone who lives in the mean without effort
28
Who is an enkrate
someone who is tempted but has the power to live within the mean
29
Who is an akrate?
someone who cannot live without being overcome by temptation
30
What are the 4 cardinal virtues
- justice - prudence - fortitude - moderation
31
What did Aristotle teach about theft
that it was a 'base action'
32
What actions did Aristotle say were always wrong?
- murder - theft - adultery
33
What does McIntyre argue about virtue ethics
It is a realistic ethical theory as it allows for spending money and time on oneslef