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AQA A LEVEL RELIGIOUS STUDIES > 003 Self, death and Afterlife - Buddhism > Flashcards

003 Self, death and Afterlife - Buddhism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Buddhist perspective on rebirth according to Harvey?

A

“it is not pleasant”

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2
Q

Who is reborn?

A

All unenlightened beings

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3
Q

Does the process of life and rebirth have a purpose?

A

No as it was not designed by anyone

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4
Q

What is a sensible purpose of life for Buddhists?

A

A better rebirth

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5
Q

What do most buddhists aim for?

A

A better rebirth

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6
Q

What is an arhat?

A

A being who has reached enlightenment and is no longer reborn

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7
Q

Finish this quote by the Buddha: “I am the teacher …

A

supreme”

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8
Q

What is a bodhisattva

A

someone who sees their own enlightenment as being bound up with the enlightenment of all beings

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9
Q

What is the Bodhisattva vow?

A

“However innumerable sentient beings there are: I vow to save them”

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10
Q

Who can be an arhat according to TBs?

A

A monastic

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11
Q

What did Bhikku Bhodi argue were the buddha’s teaching on the ultimate goal?

A

we should guide others to liberation

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12
Q

What is the parable of the jewel in the robe?

A

we all possess the buddha nature but are unaware

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13
Q

What did Snelling describe Bodhisattvas as?

A

spiritual heros

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14
Q

What did Bhikkhu Bodhi argue about the bodhisattva goal?

A

Mahayana elitism is the reason they believe in a better goal

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15
Q

What is an atman?

A

A soul

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16
Q

What did the Buddha argue about the atman?

A

He argued there is nothing that can be found in experience which points to the existence of a soul

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17
Q

What is anatta?

A

No-self

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18
Q

What are the 5 aggregates (DEFINITION)

A

The 5 elements that someone is made up of

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19
Q

What does skhandas mean?

A

heaps

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20
Q

What happens if the 5 skhandas are subtracted from a person?

A

nothing remains

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21
Q

What are the 5 skhandas?

A
  • forms
  • sensations
  • perceptions
  • impulses
  • consciousness
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22
Q

What is the Form skhanda?

A

The physical elements which make up a body

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23
Q

What is the sensations skhanda?

A

feeling of senses contacting the outside world

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24
Q

What is the Perceptions skhanda?

A

What we become aware of through sensations

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25
Q

What is the Impulses skhanda?

A

from our internal will

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26
Q

What is the consciousnes skhanda?

A

basic awareness of being alive through thoughts and feelings

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27
Q

What analogy is used by Nagasena to describe anatta

A

chariot

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28
Q

What is the chariot analogy?

A

Chariot is used to refer to a collection of parts that form it

29
Q

What is the importance of rebirth?

A

Everything transforms at rebirth

30
Q

What is the Buddhist term for dependent origination?

A

Paticcassamuppada

31
Q

How can life be described as a chain?

A

One event causes the next event and so on

32
Q

what are the 3 marks of existence?

A
  • anicca
  • dukkha
  • anatta
33
Q

What does Samsara refer to?

A

The perpetual cycle of birth, death and rebirth which binds all sentient beings

34
Q

Is samsara a place?

A

no - it referes to a process

35
Q

What is the wandering through realms driven by?

A

Volitional actions of individuals

36
Q

What is the role of the arhat in crossing samsara?

A

an individual who has reached the shore of liberation

37
Q

What is the role of the bodhisattva in crossing samsara?

A

bodhisattvas are like ferrymen who vow to guide all sentient beings across

38
Q

How does Samsara link to anicca?

A

all conditions are ever changing which highligts the impermenant nature of all beings in samsara

39
Q

What is the bhavachakra?

A

The wheel of becoming

40
Q

What is depicted in the inermost ring of the wheel of life?

A

The 3 poisons; greed, hatred, delusion

41
Q

What is depicted in the second inermost ring of the wheel of life?

A

bodhisattvas guided higher beings to the upper realms and lower beings decending to the lower realms

42
Q

What is depicted in the third ring of the wheel of life?

A

The 6 realms

43
Q

What are the three higher realms?

A
  • Devas - gods
  • Ashras - demi, gods
  • human
44
Q

What are the three lower realms?

A
  • Ghosts
  • animals
  • hell
45
Q

What is depicted in the outermost ring of the wheel of life?

A

12 links of dependent origination which shows how suffering arises

46
Q

What does the Buddha on the wheel of life depict?

A

The Buddha is outside the wheel showing how he is liberated from suffering

47
Q

Who holds the wheel of life?

A

Yama - lord of death

48
Q

Define karma

A

action

49
Q

Finish the Buddha’s quote: “It is karma that differentiates beings …

A

into low and high states”

50
Q

What things did the Buddha say were karmically determined (4)

A
  • family
  • social status
  • personality
  • looks
51
Q

What is karma not?

A

A system of reward and punishment determined by a god

52
Q

What is the buddhist term for skilful actions?

A

kusala

53
Q

What is the buddhist term for unskilful actions?

A

akusala

54
Q

What must a good moral choice be guided by?

A

Intention

55
Q

Finish the quote: ““it is choice, O monks …

A

that I call karma.”

56
Q

How does karma influence Buddhists? Hint: actions

A

Helps Buddhists understand their own agency to shape their destiny by cultivating kusala (skilful or wholesome) actions

57
Q

How does karma influence Buddhists? Hint: 3 posions

A

Helps to blow out the three poisons of craving, greed and ignorance

58
Q

Why is rebirth in the human realm better?

A

Humans have a higher chance of attianing nirvana

59
Q

What are the three ways in which samsara can be described?

A
  • literally
  • metaphorically
  • psychologically
60
Q

What is the literal interpretation of samsara?

A

the realms of samsara are literal places which beings can be reborn into

61
Q

What is the metaphorical interpretation of samsara?

A

the realms are not literal but are symbolic of emotional and mental states

62
Q

What is the psychological state of samsara?

A

realms are not literal but reflect the mental states of humans

63
Q

Who is the Avalokiteshvara

A

the bodhisattva of compassion

64
Q

where is the avalokiteshavara believed to be?

A

at end of his bodhisattva career so has unlimited punya to share

65
Q

Who is the deemed to be the current avalokiteshvara?

A

The 14th Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso

66
Q

What is the Avalokiteshavara also called?

A

Bodhisattva of the world’s sounds

67
Q

Why is Avalokiteshvara called the Bodhisattva of the World’s Sounds?

A

because he perceives the sounds of suffering from living beings and delivers them from their trials when they call upon his name.

68
Q

How might Buddhists treat the Dalai Lama

A

They might worship him in order to gain punya

AQA A LEVEL RELIGIOUS STUDIES (30 decks)

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