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AQA A LEVEL RELIGIOUS STUDIES > 001 Sources of widom and Authority - Buddhism > Flashcards

001 Sources of widom and Authority - Buddhism Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did Buddhism originate?

A

Ancient India

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2
Q

Who founded Buddhism?

A

The Buddha

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3
Q

What is the Buddha’s name?

A

Siddhartha Gautama

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4
Q

Define ‘Buddha’

A

Enlightened one

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5
Q

What is another name for the Buddha?

A

Shakyamuni Buddha

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6
Q

Which Buddhist group does the Buddha hold more significance for?

A

Theravada

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7
Q

Who was the Buddha born to?

A

A kinf and queen

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8
Q

What were signs before his birth that Siddharta Gautama would be a very special person?

A

His mother had a dream of a white elephant entering her womb on the right side

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9
Q

What was miraculous about his birth?

A

He walked and spoke as soon as he was born saying he would free mankind from all suffering

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10
Q

What did the sooth sayer prophesize about Gautama?

A

he would be a great king or a great spiritual leader

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11
Q

How did the sooth sayers prophecy influence Siddharta’s father?

A

His father shielded him from anything that might make hime likely to be a religious leader

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12
Q

What were the 4 sights which influenced Siddharta?

A
  • an old man
  • a sick man
  • a dead man
  • a holy man
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13
Q

How did the 4 sights influence the Buddha?

A

It led him to renounce his life of luxury

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14
Q

What is renunciation?

A

rejection of something

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15
Q

Who did the Buddha join initially after his renunciation?

A

The ascetists

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16
Q

What is asceticism?

A

Practice of severe self-discipline

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17
Q

What self mortification praactices did the Buddha participate in?

A

Starving himself

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18
Q

What did the Buddha realise after ascetisism caused him more suffering?

A

The path of liberation was through the discipline of the mind

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19
Q

What is the dharma?

A

Teachings of the Buddha

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20
Q

Where did the Buddha achieve enlightenment?

A

Under the Bodhi tree

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21
Q

What did Mara conjur during the Buddha’s meditation?

A
  • demons throwing fiery arrows and spears
  • countless beautiful women
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22
Q

What did the Buddha see during his meditation?

A

Hundreds and thousands of his past lives

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23
Q

Who were the first disciples of the buddha?

A

The 5 ascetists

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24
Q

What is an arhat?

A

‘a worthy one’ - someone who has become enlightened through the help of others

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25
Q

Why can arhats not be buddhas?

A

because they are dependent on someone else to teach them

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26
Q

Finish the quote by the Buddha “He who sees the dharma …

A

“sees me”

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27
Q

What was the Buddha’s first sermon?

A

The four noble truths

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28
Q

What is the first noble truth?

A

Dukkha - Life is full of suffering

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29
Q

What is the second noble truth?

A

Samudaya - suffering is caused by craving

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30
Q

What is the Buddhist term for craving?

A

Tanha

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31
Q

What is the third noble truth?

A

Nirodah - To reduce our suffering we must reduce our craving

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32
Q

What is the fourth noble truth?

A

Magga - The way to reduce craving is to follow the Eightfold Path

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33
Q

What can following the four noble truths lead to?

A

Blowing out of the three poisons

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34
Q

What are the three poisons?

A

greed, hatred, delusion

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35
Q

What are the three types of dukkha?

A

Dukkha dukkha, Viparinama dukkha and Samkhara dukkha

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36
Q

What is Dukkha Dukkha?

A

Plain ordinary suffering

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37
Q

Give an example of dukkha dukkha

A
  • physical pain
  • sickness
  • death
  • emotional pain
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38
Q

What is Viparinama Dukkha?

A

Dukkha caused by impermenance

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39
Q

Give an example of Viparinama Dukkha

A
  • decay in nature
  • death of loved ones
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40
Q

What is Samkhara Dukkha?

A

Dukkha caused by attachment

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41
Q

Give an example of Samkhara Dukkha

A
  • being unable to change things when others suffer
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42
Q

Finish this quote: “Birth is dukkha, decay is dukkha, disease ….

A

“is dukkha, death is dukkha”

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43
Q

Finish the quote by the Buddha: “This O monks, is the truth of the cessation …

A

of suffering. It is the utter cessation of craving

44
Q

One way in which Buddhism is pessimistic

A

It is morbid and focuses on suffering

45
Q

One way in which Buddhism is not pessimistic

A

Buddha taught the way to end suffering

46
Q

How does the Buddha’s enlightenment show that he is a role mode?

A

First being to ever gain enlightenment which is special, unique, and very hard to do

47
Q

How does the Buddha’s practice of ascetisism show that he is a role mode?

A

He realised that self-mortification does not lead to enlightenment

48
Q

How does the Buddha’s miraculous birth show that he is a role mode?

A

Miracles surrounding the birth narrative show that he is a significant, extraordinary figure

49
Q

How does the Buddha’s life of luxury as a prince show that he is a role mode?

A

He has lived both types of life and neither worked, giving his teachings more authenticity

50
Q

What is the middle way?

A

The middle of 2 extremes

51
Q

What is the 8 fold path made up of?

A

eight practices that a Buddhist follower should perfect which leads to Nirvana

52
Q

What are the three categories of the 8FP? ENGLISH TERMS

A
  • wisdom
  • morality
  • meditation
53
Q

What are the three categories of the 8FP? BUDDHIST TERMS

A
  • Prajna
  • sila
  • samadhi
54
Q

Which 2 parts make up the wisdom category of the 8FP?

A
  • right view
  • right intention
55
Q

Which 3 parts make up the morality category of the 8FP?

A
  • right speech
  • right action
  • right livelihood
56
Q

Which 3 parts make up the meditation category of the 8FP?

A
  • right effort
  • right mindfulness
  • right meditation
57
Q

What does practicing the 8FP lead to for Theravada Buddhists?

A

Being an Arhat

58
Q

What analogy can be used to describe the 4 noble truths?

A

Medical analogy

59
Q

What is the Buddha often referred to as in Buddhist teachings?

A

A physician

60
Q

What should the steps of the 8FP be compared to?

A

Like the petals of a flower - as each petal opens, it helps the next petal to open

61
Q

What is the Dharmachakra?

A

The dharma wheel representing the 8 stages of magga

62
Q

How does the Buddha overcoming temptation show he is a role model?

A

Shows that if it was possible for an ordinary human to do it then anyone can

63
Q

In what ways can the Buddha be seen as selfless?

A

It led him to wanting to discover the truth about suffering in order to help others

64
Q

In what way/s does the Buddha have authority as the enlightened one?

A

He was the first one to achieve nirvana and introduced the world to Buddhism and how to achieve nirvana

65
Q

How does the information he attained during enlightenment show his authority?

A

He was the only one to achieve that information which was hidden from the rest of the world

66
Q

How can the Buddha’s teachings be shown as true?

A

Many people have become arhats because of his teachings

67
Q

Why does the Buddha’s life experience make it more likely that people will believe in and follow his teachings?

A

Shows that he has personal life experience of both extremes and treading the middle path

68
Q

What countries is Theravada Buddhism most popular in?

A

Thailand, Sri Lanka, Burma, Laos

69
Q

What countries is Mahayana Buddhism most popular in?

A

China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam

70
Q

Which Buddhist group is believed to be the oldest?

A

Theravda

71
Q

Define Theravada

A

The ‘elder’ way

72
Q

What does Mahayana mean?

A

Greater vehicle

73
Q

When did Mahayana Buddhism emerge

A

Aproximatley 2-300 years after the Buddhas death

74
Q

Which Buddhist group is more popular today?

A

Mahayana

75
Q

What power do Mahayana Buddhists believe in?

A

Bodhisattvas

76
Q

What is a bodhisattva?

A

A being who delays achieving enlightenment in order to guide others

77
Q

Finish the Buddha’s quote: “Do not believe in anything simply because ….

A

you have heard it”

78
Q

What is the Theravada view of the nature of the Buddha?

A

The buddha was just a human

79
Q

What is the Mahayana view of the nature of the Buddha?

A

The buddha was semi divine and is still accessible

80
Q

What is the main scripture for Theravada Buddhists?

A

Pali Canon

81
Q

According to Theravada Buddhists, how is the Buddha still have influence today?

A

Through his teachings

82
Q

What do Mahayana Buddhists believe about the Pali canon?

A

the teachings were changed so are not as accuate

83
Q

What is upaya kusala?

A

Skilful means

84
Q

How did the Buddha use skilful means to guide others?

A

The buddha revealed certain parts of the path to enlightenment at certain times as peiple weren’t ready for the whole truth

85
Q

What path did the Buddha teach according to Mahayana Buddhists?

A

The arhat path

86
Q

Who can reach enlightenment according to Theravada Buddhists?

A

monks and nuns

87
Q

What is the lotus sutra?

A

A series of lectures by the Buddha

88
Q

Summarise the parable of the burning house

A

a wealthy man lures his children out of a burning house by promising them carts outside. They rush out, finding an even better cart, symbolizing the use of skillful means to save them from danger and guide them to enlightenment.

89
Q

What does the father in the parable of the burning house represent?

A

The Buddha

90
Q

What do the children in the parable of the burning house represent?

A

sentient beings trapped in the cycle of samsara

91
Q

What does the burning house in the parable of the burning house represent?

A

world burning with fires of old age, sickness and death

92
Q

What do Mahayana Buddhists interpret the carts the father offers in the parable of the burning house as representing?

A

The early teachings of the Buddha and the greatest cart representing Mahayana Buddhism

93
Q

According to Mahayana Buddhists how is the Buddha still accessible?

A

In pari-nirvana

94
Q

According to MBs why must the Buddha be accessible after death?

A

As he is the ultimate form of compassion

95
Q

What is the Pali Canon?

A

A collection of texts in Pali - main scripture for TBs

96
Q

What is the Pali canon also known as?

A

The tipitaka - 3 baskets

97
Q

What are the three baskets of the pali canon?

A
  • Vinaya pitaka (discipline section)
  • Sutta pitaka (sayings of the buddha)
  • Abhidhamma Pitaka (higher teachings of the Buddha)
98
Q

How was the Pali canon handed down?

A

Orally with the community tradition of reciting the whole text

99
Q

What scripture do MBs follow most?

A

Lotus Sutra

100
Q

What does the Vinaya pitaka contain?

A

Rules for monks (bhikku) and nuns (bhikkhunis)

101
Q

What does the sutra pitaka contain?

A

teachings of the buddha and early buddhist monks

102
Q

What does the Abhidhamma pitaka contain?

A

higher teachinfs such as philosophical teachings

103
Q

Finish the quote by Eckel: “the Pali Canon are authoritative because it provides a record of the Buddha’s teachings and …

A

access to the buddha himself

104
Q

How can the pali canon be considered accurate? HINT: transmission

A

It was transmitted orally with communities chanting the whole text

105
Q

How can the pali canon be considered accurate? HINT: biography

A

It contains the oldest accounts of the Buddha’s life story

106
Q

How can the pali canon be considered inaccurate? HINT: recording

A

The Pali Canon was not written down until centuries after his death

107
Q

How can the pali canon be considered inaccurate? HINT: biography

A

It is difficult to trace back dates of events of the Buddha’s life

AQA A LEVEL RELIGIOUS STUDIES (30 decks)

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