005 Expressions of religious identity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three refuges?

A
  • the buddha
  • the dhamma
  • the sangha
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2
Q

What is the sangha?

A

the buddhist community

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the sangha?

A

to spread the message of the buddha

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4
Q

What does the term Sangha literally mean?

A

‘assembly’

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5
Q

Which part of the pali canon regulates monastic life?

A

The vinaya pitaka

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6
Q

what is a bhikku?

A

An ordained monk

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7
Q

What are alms?

A

respect given by a lay buddhist to a buddhist monk or nun

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8
Q

What should a monk do if they break rules?

A

Leave the sangha

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9
Q

What is the patimokkha?

A

the monastic rules which monks chant

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10
Q

What is the status of nuns

A

inferior to monks

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11
Q

why might monks retreat during monsoon rains?

A

to protect animals and insects

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12
Q

at what age can a person become a novice monk?

A

from age of 7 or 8w

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13
Q

why might someone be a short term novice?

A

it generates karmic fruitfulness

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14
Q

Why might people in countries such as Thailand take on a temporary monkhood?

A

monastic life can provide education, religious and secular, enhancing one’s position and respect in lay society

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15
Q

Evidence for the importance of the Sangha in Thailand

A

Temporary monkhood is prevelant where about half of the male Buddhists join the Sangha at some point in their lives for a limited period

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16
Q

Define reciprocal

A

felt in return/communal

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16
Q

Evidence for why monks are well respected in Thailand

A

If a monk disrobes, his position in lay society is higher than it previously was, and he is also respected as an ex-monk

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17
Q

Examples of the recirpocal relationship between the sangha and the lay community

A
  • the giving of alms (food, drink, clothing, shelter)
  • donations of land
  • labour
  • service within the monastery
18
Q

How do the lay community benefit from the sangha?

A

from monks teaching the dhamma and perform practical rites such as marriage, death and offering guidance

19
Q

Which monk self immolated in the 1960s?

A

Thich Quang Duc

20
Q

Which buddhist tradition is most prevalent in Thailand?

A

Theravada

21
Q

In Thailand, who is required by law to be a Buddhist?

A

The king

22
Q

How does the Thai government have control of the Sangha

A

The government partly used the Sangha to maintain an anti-Communist stance.

23
Q

What was the past role of the sangha?

A

the Sangha helped to maintain the social order by promoting peace, happiness and security

24
Q

How is the Sangha used in politics in C21?

A

political campaigners use the sangha as a way of gaining votes, particularly in rural areas where the monasteries have maintained their importance in the community.

25
Q

What is the Wat Phra Dhammakaya movement?

A

Temple founded in Northern Thailand in 1970.

26
Q

What does the WPD emphasize?

A

the revival of traditional Buddhist values, but does so through modern methods and technology.

27
Q

How does WPD aim to promote world peace?

A

Through inner peace

28
Q

What forms of moden technology do the WPD use?

A
  • social media
  • tv channels
29
Q

What is controversial about the WPD?

A

They accept monetary donations in exchange for merit

30
Q

What can women not become in the WPD?

A

Nuns

31
Q

What can women be in the WPD?

A

Mai Chis - They occupy a position somewhere between that of an ordinary lay follower and an ordained monastic and similar to that of the monks.

32
Q

Examples of religious practice of the WPD

A
  • teaching people about Buddhism through university lectures and seminars
  • encourage donations
  • monthly ceremony of honouring the food through food
  • focusing on samatha meditation
33
Q

Define devotion in buddhism

A

showing love and reverence for the Buddha, his teachings, and senior religious leaders in Buddhism.

34
Q

Why might MBs worship bodhisattvas?

A

Bodhisattvas have unlimited punya to share with the world

35
Q

Define punya

A

s a power which accumulates as a result of good deeds, acts, or thoughts and which affects one’s entire life, but also carries over to subsequent rebirths.

36
Q

TBs view on puja?

A

less of a focus and worshipping the Buddha will give Buddhists good punya

37
Q

MB views on puja

A

More of a focus on worship generally temples are more ornate.
There are more beings to worship as bodhisattvas in heavenly realms

38
Q

Define meditation

A

an altered state of consciousness which is induced in a controlled manner

39
Q

Finish the quote by the Buddha: “It is better to conquer yourself …

A

than to win a thousand battles”

40
Q

What role does meditation play in Buddhism?

A

Calms the mind and helps people to overcome negative emotions

41
Q

Why must Buddhists meditate?

A

It was practiced by the Buddha and is part of the 8FP

42
Q

What is samatha meditation?

A

calm abiding’/mindfulness meditation.

43
Q
A