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Anatomy EXAM 2 > 11-7 Abdomen III > Flashcards

11-7 Abdomen III Flashcards

1
Q

A: What are the 5 Layers of the POST Abd Wall? (Front to back)

B: Where is the Lumbar plexus in the POST Abd Wall and why is it there?

A
  1. < FRONT >= Partial Peritoneal layer
  2. Visceral layer [contains Retroperitoneal structures]
  3. 3 Fascia [ Psoas / iliac / thoracolumbar Fascia ]
  4. 4 Muscles[ Psoas Major vs. psoas minor, Quadratus lumborum & ILiacus]
  5. ## < backk >= bony layerB: Lumbar plexus is formed INSIDE Psoas Major = its branches innervate POST abd wall m.
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2
Q

The 4 POST abd wall muscles include the ILiacus, Psoas MAJor, ____ ______ and Quadratus lumborum.

  • Describe the ILiacus
    1. Origin [2]
    2. Insertion [2]
    3. nerve innervation
    4. Purpose
A

4 POST abd wall m.= [ILiacus, Psoas MAJor, psoas minor & Quadratus lumborum]

  • *ILiacus**
    1. ILiac fossa & Sacrum
    2. Femur & Psoas MAJor tendon
    3. Femoral nerve
    4. Flexes hip with Psoas MAJor
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3
Q

The 4 POST abd wall muscles include the ILiacus, Psoas MAJor, psoas minor and _______ ______.

  • Describe the Psoas MAJor
    1. Origin
    2. Insertion
    3. nerve innervation
    4. Purpose [3]
A

4 POST abd wall m.= [ILiacus, Psoas MAJor, psoas minor & Quadratus lumborum]

  • *Psoas MAJor**
    1. lumbar vertebrae transverse process
    2. Femur
    3. [ 1st FOUR lumbar nerves >ventral Rami]
  1. ºFlexes HIP with ILiacus SUPERIORLY
    ºFlexes trunk with ILiacus inferiorly = Balances trunk when sitting
    ºLaterally Flexes vertebral column inferiorly
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4
Q

The 4 POST abd wall muscles include the ILiacus, ____ ______ , psoas minor and Quadratus lumborum.

  • Describe the psoas minor
    1. Origin
    2. Insertion
    3. nerve innervation
    4. Purpose

B: What’s special about this muscle?

A

4 POST abd wall m.= [ILiacus, Psoas MAJor, psoas minor & Quadratus lumborum]

  • *psoas minor**
    1. Vertebral margins of T12-L1
    2. Pectineal line
    3. [First Lumbar nerve>ventral Rami]
    4. Flexes pelvis on vertebral column

B: psoas minor MAY BE ABSENT IN SOME PEOPLE

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5
Q

The 4 POST abd wall muscles include the _____, Psoas MAJor, psoas minor and Quadratus lumborum.

  • Describe the Quadratus lumborum
    1. Origin [2]
    2. Insertion [2]
    3. nerve innervation [2]
    4. Purpose [2]
A

4 POST abd wall m.= [ILiacus, Psoas MAJor, psoas minor & Quadratus lumborum]

  • *Quadratus lumborum**
    1. 12th rib & lumbar transverse process
    2. iliolumbar ligament & iliac crest
    3. [ 1st FOUR lumbar nerves >ventral Rami] & [T12 ventral rami]
    4. Extends/Laterally flexes vertebral column & fixes 12th rib during inhalation
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6
Q

A: Describe the Shape and Structure of the Diaphragm [3]

B: What nerve is the Diaphragm innervated by?

A
  1. fibromuscular partition between thorax & abdomen
  2. Has R & L Lateral copula regions [which R copula is Higher due to Liver]
  3. Central area = [central tendon] =
    *diaphragms insertion point tht all m.fibers converge to form non-contracting aponeurosis
    * [protects Aortic hiatus from being squished during diaphragm contraction ]
    ——————————————————————————–
    B: [phrenic n. (C3, C4, C5)] “keeps diaphragm alive”
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7
Q

A: Diaphragm has 3 origin points. What are they?

B: Describe the Diaphragm R and L crus. What do they form together?

C: Describe the 3 arcuate ligaments of the Diaphragm

D: Explain how the R crus is related to the esophageal hiatus and [Duodenal suspensory ligament]

A

A: Origin points

  1. Sternal = Xiphoid process
  2. lower 6 costal cartilages
  3. ## Lumbar Vertebral = 2 Crura & [1 Median, 2, medial, 2 Lateral Arcuate Ligaments]B: R & L crus
    ºR Crus=Longer/Stronger & arises from upper 3 lumbar BODIES

ºl crus= smaller & arises from upper 2 lumbar BODIES

C: *Median Arcuate= combines crura across aorta–>forms [arctic hiatus]

**Medial Arcuate= Arch formed by the muscle thickening fascia of [Psoas MAJor m.]

D: R crus fibers ascend upward & encircle esophagus to form [Esophageal hiatus]. Other fibers run DOWN R crus and form [Duodenal suspensory ligament]

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8
Q

List Location and what each transmits [#]
1. Caval hiatus [transmits 2]

  1. Esophageal hiatus [transmits 2]
  2. Aortic hiatus [transmits 4]
A

” i 8 ..10 Eggs..At 12 “

1) Caval hiatus lies in < Diaphragm central tendon at T8 > and transmits [iVC & R phrenic n.]
- ——————————————————————————-
2) Esophageal hiatus Lies at level T10 & transmits [ESOPHAGUS & Vagus n.]
- ——————————————————————————-
3. Aortic hiatus lies behind 2 crura at level T12 and transmits [AORTA, Thoracic duct, Azygos vein & Greatr Splanchnic n.]

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9
Q

A: Describe [Lumbar plexus L1-4] formation. Where is this in close proximity to?

B: Name the 7 nerves that make up this plexus

C: Which nerves Run as a group IN FRONT of Quadratus lumborum & pierces [transverse abdominal m.]?

D: Which nerves pierce [internal oblique m.]?

E: Which nerve pierces the Psoas Major m.??

A

A: [Lumbar plexus L1-4] forms INSIDE Psoas MAJor by combining [upper 3 lumbar nerves] + [part 4th lumbar n.]
–>All Close to POST abd wall m.

Lumbar Plexus = "S i i G - LFO " 
B: 
1. [Subcostal n. T12]
2. [ILiohypogastric n. L1]
3. [ILioinguinal n. L1]
**THESE "RUNner nerves" RUN in front of [Quadratus Lumborum m.] &amp; pierce [transverse abd m.] to RUN between it &amp; [Internal Oblique]  but.......

D: The ILio’s (2&3) pierce [transverse abd m.] AND [Internal Oblique] traveling between it & [EXTernal Oblique]

  1. [Genitofemoral n.] = PIERCES PSOAS MAJOR m.
  2. [Lateral femoral cutaneous n.] –>on top of [ Iliacus m. ]
  3. [Femoral n. L2-L4]
  4. [Obturator n. L2-L4]
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10
Q

A: What’s specifically special about the [ILioinguinal n. L1]

B: What’s its PARENT nerve?

C: what type of sensory innervation does it do? [4]

D: What Motor Innervation does it do? [2]

A

A:[ ILioinguinal n. L1] is the only LUMBAR PLEXUS daughter that rides with [Male spermatic cord]/[feMale round uterus ligament] into inguinal canal –>emerges thru superficial inguinal ring

B: LUMBAR PLEXUS

C: sensory= Skin of upper medial thigh, & [feMale labium majus]

D: Motor= [transversus abdominis] & [Internal Oblique] (becuz those are the m. it pierces)

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11
Q

[Genitofemoral n. L_/_]
A: Route of Passage [3]

B: What is its PARENT nerve?

C: Motor innervates

D: sensory Innervates [3]

A

[Genitofemoral n. L1/2]
A:
1st. emerges in front of Psoas muscle & descends down
2nd. Divides into {genital branch} which enters inguinal canal thru deep inguinal ring
3rd. {genital branch} reaches spermatic cord & innervates cremaster muscle + {femoral branch}=femoral triangle

B: PARENT = LUMBAR PLEXUS

C: Motor= Male Cremaster muscle<——{genital branch}

D: sensory = Skin of femoral triangle{femoral branch}, scrotum & [feMale labium majus]

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12
Q

Describe Route of Passage for these 3 daughter nerves of the _____ ______

  1. [Lateral femoral cutaneous n. L2/3]
  2. [Femoral n. L2-4]
  3. [Obturator n. L2-4]
A

LUMBAR PLEXUS daughter nerves

(F) 2. emerges from lateral Psoas MAJor & descends into groove between Psoas & iliacus–>into femoral triangle, deep to inguinal ligament
——————————————————————————–
(O) 3. descends along [medial Psoas] muscle & then runs forward on [lateral pelvis] to enter thigh thru [obturator foramen]

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13
Q

**[Femoral n. L2-4]
A: Motor innervation [3]
B: sensory innervation [2]
C: PARENT NERVE
——————————————————————————–
What nerve innervates the [MEDIAL thigh muscles]?

A

**[Femoral n. L2-4]
A: Motor (muscles innervated)= iliacus, Pectineus, [ANT thigh muscles]

B: sensory = Skin of [ANT thigh] & medial leg

Motor innervation to [MEDIAL thigh muscles] = [Obturator n. L2-4] –>also does Pectineus & [Obturator externus]

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14
Q

1) The KIDNEY is a _____ organ that lies Erect on the _____ ____ ____ opposite __ to ___ vertebrae.
2) Which Kidney is lower than the other and Why? Also, Describe their location to the ribs
3) Describe the Kidney Hilum
4) List the 4 Major Kidney components. Which one contains [1-2 million nephron units]?

A

1) KIDNEY is a retroperitoneal organ that lies Erect on POST abd wall opposite T12 to L3 vertebrae
- ——————————————————————————-
2) RIGHT KIDNEY IS LOWER & related to rib 12 because [R LIVER lobe] is HUGE –> presses down on R KIDNEY

3) Found on medial border, this is place where Renal VAP(Vein/ Artery/ Pelvis of Ureter) & nerves enter/leave organ
——————————————————————————–
4)
A. Cortex
B. Medulla
C. minor Calyces
D. MAJor Calyces

“In order to LIVE (liver), you have to kick the R KIDney DOWN and life ur R Diaphragm UP”

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15
Q

Renal Arterial Supply

3 Major things about Renal ARTERIES

1) Which Renal artery is longer and what does it pass behind?

B: What 3 arteries supply the Suprarenal gland

A

Renal ARTERIES

  1. Arise from side of abd Aorta
  2. R Renal artery is LONGER & passes behind IVC
  3. ## Gives off [inf suprarenal a.] which enters kidney hilum & divides into [5 segmental “end” arteries]B: Suprarenal Gland Arteries !
    1) [inf. phrenic a.>SUP suprarenal a.]
    2) [Aorta>middle suprarenal a.]
    3) [Renal artery > inf. suprarenal artery]
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16
Q

Renal Venous Supply

1) Which RENAL VEINS open DIRECTLY into the IVC?
2) Which renal vein is longer and describe what 2 structures it passes in FRONT of before reaching kidney?
3) Which Renal vein receives 3 tributaries and what are they?
4) Where does the Azygous vein and R hemiazygous vein drain into?
5) At what vertebrae does all of this Riff Raff occur?

A

Renal VEINS
1. Both R & L renal veins open directly into IVC but R is shorter!

  1. L renal VEIN is LONGER and passes in front of the Aorta AND L renal a.
  2. L renal vein receives [L suprarenal v., L gonadal vein & L hemiazygous v. ]
    {L renal vein then dumps into the IVC}
  3. Azygous vein and [R hemiazygous vein] both Drain DIRECTLY into IVC as well!
  4. L2
17
Q

B: Describe Renal MEDULLA
——————————————————————————–
C: Describe Renal [minor Calyx]
——————————————————————————–
D: List the 7 Step Passage of Urine from Outer Kidney to the Ureters

A

B: MEDULLA= inner prt of kidney made of 8-12 [renal pyramids].
——————————————————————————–
C: minor Calyx= receives urine from collecting tubes and empties into 3 MAJOR Calyces
——————————————————————————–

D:
Renal CORTEX—>Renal Medulla/Pyramids—->papilla —->
minor calyx —> MAJor Calyx —>Renal Pelvis —->Ureters

18
Q

Ureters are _____ ______ tubes that starts at the ____ _____ and then extends from _____ to _________. Explain its route of passage

B: Ureters may be obstructed by ____ ____(Kidney stones) in 3 areas of constriction. What are they?

A

Ureters are RETROPERITONEAL MUSCULAR tubes tht start at RENAL PELVIS and extend from KIDNEYS to URINARY BLADDER.

B: Ureters can be obstructed by RENAL CALCULI (Kidney Stones) in 3 areas.

  1. Ureteropelvic junction= where it joins renal pelvis
  2. Pelvic inlet= Area in front of the Common iliac a. bifurcation = L4
  3. Ureterovesicular jnction= MOST NARROW PRT OF URETER—>and is where it enters bladder wall.
19
Q

A: Suprarenal gland is a _____ ____ that lies on the ____ ____ of the kidney. The R Suprarenal gland is ___ shaped while the L Suprarenal gland is _____ shaped.

B: What does its Cortex do?

C: What does its Medulla do? Embryologically where does its Medulla come from?

D: List the 3 arteries that perfuse it and THEIR PARENTS

E: Describe its venous system

F: Suprarenal glands are AKA “____ ______”

A

A: Suprarenal gland is a RETROPERITONEAL ORGAN that lies on SUPEROMEDIAL POLE of Kidney. [R Suprarenal gland = pyRamidal shaped] and [L Suprarenal gland = semiLunar shaped]

B: Suprarenal gland CORTEX= makes 3 types of steroid hormones

D: 1. [SUP Suprarenal a.] (from [inf. phrenic a.])
2. [Middle Suprarenal a.] (from abd aorta)
3. [inf Suprarenal a.] (from renal artery]
——————————————————————————–
E: Suprarenal gland is drained via [Suprarenal vein]
–> which empties into R IVC{R Kidney} and [L renal vein]{L Kidney}
——————————————————————————–
F: Suprarenal Glands = “Adrenal Glands”

20
Q

A: The Abdominal Aorta is nothing but an inferior continuation of the _____ _____. Describe its Route of Passage. [3]

B: Name and Describe the single UNpaired branches stemming from the Abdominal Aorta [3]

C: Describe the [Median sacral a.]

A

A: Abd Aorta = inferior continuation of THORACIC AORTA. ººIt passes thru AORTIC HIATUS into diaphragm at T12
–>then descends in front of vertebral bodies —>to finally bifurcate into R and L [common iliac arteries] @ L4
——————————————————————————–
B:
1. [Celiac / SMA / iMA]
Celiac trunk (T12) = Foregut
SMA (L1) = midgut
iMA (L3 = Hindgut

  1. [Median sacral a.] = arise from back of Aorta –>travels in front of Sacrum—>supplies rectum & anal canal AND gives off [5th pair of lumbar arteries]
21
Q

A: The Abdominal Aorta is nothing but an inferior continuation of the _____ _____. Describe its Route of Passage. [3]

B: Describe the 4 Paired Branches

  1. [Inferior phrenic a.] [4]
  2. Gonadal a.
  3. Lumbar a.
  4. [Common iliac a.]

C: Which artery gives Suprarenal Adrenal gland its blood?

A

A: Abd Aorta = inferior continuation of THORACIC AORTA. ººIt passes thru AORTIC HIATUS of diaphragm at T12
—>to finally bifurcate into R and L [common iliac arteries] L4 Pelvic Inlet
————————————————————————————–
B: 1. [Inferior phrenic a.]= supplies Diaphragm, [Suprarenal Adrenal gland], middle suprarenal a. and renal a.

  1. Gonadal a. = runs laterally on Psoas MAJor & across ureter
  2. Lumbar a. = Comprised of 5 a. pairs that come from POST Aorta
  3. ## [Common iliac a. ]= terminal branches of Abd Aorta tht end up opposite lumbosacral disc & divide into EXTernal & internal iliac arteriesC: [Inferior phrenic a.] perfuses Suprarenal Adrenal gland
22
Q

Which Abdominal Artery branches stem FROM the…..

ANT midline Aorta [3]

Lateral [3]

[Posterolateral / Diaphragm Body Wall] [3]

A

Abd Aorta Daughter Arteries stemming from…

ANT midline Abd Aorta

ºCeliac
º[SUP Mesenteric a. ]
º[inf Mesenteric a.] 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Lateral Abd Aorta*
º[Suprarenal a.]
ºRenal a.
ºGonadal a. 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*[Posterolateral Abd Aorta / Diaphragm Body Wall]*
ºSubcostal a. T12 
º[inf. phrenic a.]
ºLumbar a.
23
Q

1) The Inferior Vena Cava is formed __[R/L] of ___ vertebrae by combining _________. Is this vessel than Abdominal Aorta?
2) Describe its route of passage

A

1) inf. Vena Cava is formed R of L5 vertebrae by combining EXTernal and internal iliac veins. This vessel is LONGER than ABD AORTA
2) ascends along R side of Aorta–> thru IVC opening in central tendon of diaphragm at level T8—>then enters R heart atrium

24
Q

A: Name All of the Tributary veins that the IVC receives [6]

B: What are the 2 ways the [Azygos vein] is formed?

C: Which 2 veins drain into the L Renal vein on the Left side only?

D: Where could you find the L renal vein?

A

A: Tributaries of IVC (dump their mess into the IVC)
1. R gonadal veins
2. R suprarenal veins
3. hepatic veins
4.
5. 3rd/4th Lumbar veins
6. [inf phrenic veins]
————————————————————————————–
B: [Azygos vein] is formed by
1) arising from L2 POST IVC as daughter
2) union between [ascending lumbar v.] + [subcostal v. ]
————————————————————————————–
C: R gonadal & R suprarenal drain into L renal vein on L side

D: L renal vein runs behind [SUP mesenteric a.] but in FRont of Abdominal Aorta

25
Q

A: ** Cisterna Chyli **

B: Where is it located

C: How is it formed?

D: How is it related to the thoracic duct?

A

Cisterna Chyli
A: lower dilated LYMPHATIC SAC

B: located at end of thoracic duct and lies behind and to the R of the Aorta between 2 diaphragm crura

D: CC narrows superiorly & gives off thoracic duct–>which passes Aortic Hiatus opening of diaphragm into Thorax & drains into L-sided [Jugular Subclavian junction]

26
Q
  1. The Obturator nerve is round, ____ and ______. It travels medial to the ____ ____ m. to the _____ compartment of the ______
    - ————————————————————————————-
    - ————————————————————————————-
  2. What’s a quick way to find the Femoral n. ?
A
  1. Obturator Nerve is ROUND, WHITE AND GLISTENING. It travels MEDIAL TO PSOAS MAJOR m.—->innervate ADDuctor compartment of THIGH
    - ————————————————————————————-
    - ————————————————————————————-
  2. FemoraL n. is found Lateral to [Psoas MAJor m.] inbetween [Psoas MAJor] and [iliacus m.]
27
Q

1) The Falciform Ligament is derived from which mesentery? What else arises from this mesentery?
2) What is the function of this mesentery?
3) Describe the Free Margin and it relation to the Portal Triad
4) Describe the Portal Triad

A

1) Falciform Ligament is derived from VENTRAL MESENTERY—-which also gives off—–>lesser omentum
2) VENTRAL MESENTERY attaches Liver to abd wall
3) Lesser omentum contains a Free margin that houses the Portal Triad
4) Portal Triad = (structure in Free margin of Lesser omentum)

ANT part: L side= Bile Duct //// R side = Hepatic a. proper

POST part: PORTAL VEIN

Anatomy EXAM 2 (16 decks)

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