Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy EXAM 2 > 11-5 Abdomen I > Flashcards

11-5 Abdomen I Flashcards

1
Q

List the 6 layers of the ANTERIOR Abdominal Wall

[Outside——>in]

A
  1. SKIN
  2. Superficial Fascia [ Superficial Camper’s vs. Deep Scarpa’s]
  3. Muscles [ 2 groups of (3 m.) ]
  4. Transversalis fascia
  5. Xtraperitoneal connective tissue
  6. Peritoneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A: Describe the 2 layers of Abdominal Wall FASCIA

B: Where are these layers found in regards to the umbilicus?

A
  1. [Superficial Camper’s Fascia]= FATTY & eventually turns into [SubQ Dartos Scrotum muscle] below
    vs.
  2. ## [DEEP Scarpa’s Fascia] = membranous fascia continuous with [Colles’ Perineum Fascia]B: THESE 2 FASCIA LAYERS are found BELOW UMBILICUS! (above umbilicus = fat)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A: There are 2 groups of( __ muscles each) in the Abdominal Wall Muscle Region . List the Groups & muscles in each

B: What is the Order of muscles from Flank to organs

A

A: Abdominal Wall = 2 groups of (3 MUSCLES EACH)

º 3 Anterolateral m. = (EXTernal Oblique / internal Oblique / Transversus abdominis)

B: EXTernal Oblique—->internal Oblique–>[Transversus abdominis]—>Transversalis Fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • *EXTernal Oblique m.**
    1. Origin
  1. Insertion [3]
  2. Innervation
  3. Main Actions [2]
A
  • *EXTernal Oblique m.**
    1. O: Ribs 5-12
  1. i:< Linea alba + ANT iliac crest + pubic tubercle >
  2. [6 inferior Thoracic n. Ventral rami]
  3. Compresses & supports abdomen / Flexes & rotates trunk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • *internal Oblique m.**
    1. Origin [2]
  1. Insertion [2]
  2. Innervation [2]
  3. Main Actions [2]
A
  • *internal Oblique m.**
    1. O: [ iliac crest + inguinal ligament]
  1. i: [Ribs + Linea alba ]
  2. 1st lumbar n. & [6 inferior Thoracic n. Ventral rami]
  3. Compresses abdomen / Flexes & rotates trunk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • *Pyramidalis m.**
    1. Origin [2]
  1. Insertion
  2. Innervation
  3. Main Actions
A
  • *Pyramidalis m.**
    1. O: [ Rectus abdominis m. + Pubis ]
  1. i: Linea alba
  2. iLiohypogastric nerve
  3. Tenses Linea alba
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • *Rectus abdominis m.**
    1. Origin [2]
  1. Insertion
  2. Innervation
  3. Main Actions [2]
A
  • *Rectus abdominis m.**
    1. O: pubic crest + Pubic symphysis
  1. i: [Xiphoid process + costal cartilages 5-7 ]
  2. [6 inferior Thoracic n. Ventral rami]
  3. Flexes trunk + Compresses abdominal viscera
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • *Transversus abdominis m.**
    1. Origin [4]
  1. Insertion [3]
  2. Innervation
  3. Main Actions
A
  • *Transversus abdominis m.**
    1. O: [costal cartilages 7-12] + [iliac crest] + [inguinal ligament] + [thoracolumbar fascia]
  1. i: Linea alba + pecten pubis + pubic crest
  2. [6 inferior Thoracic n. Ventral rami]
  3. Compresses & supports abdomen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A: Cremaster muscle [4]

B: How is this muscle related to the Spermatic cord?

A
  • Made from lower fibers of INTERNAL OBLIQUE m.
  • innervated by [Genitofemoral n.>genital branch]
  • Inserts @ Pubic Tubercle
  • functions to suspend testes & is important in CREMASTERIC REFLEX

B: Cremaster m. fibers descend on Spermatic cord and forms loops around it!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1) What is the Rectus Sheath
2) What 3 groups are found in it?

3) In regards to WALLS of the Sheath: [Front vs. back]
A: What things are found ABOVE arcuate line?
B: What things are found beloww arcuate line?

A

1) Aponeurotic sheath formed from combined aponeuroses from [EXTernal oblique], internal oblique & [Transverse abd m.]

2)
A: 2 muscles= [Rectus abdominis / Pyramidalis]

B: 2 vessels= [SUP/inf epigastric vessels]

3)
Above Arcuate:
ºFront=Aponeuroses of EXT/internal Oblique m.
ºBack = Aponeuroses of internal Oblique m. & transverse abdominis m.

below arcuate:
ºfront= Aponueroses of EXT/internal Oblique m. AND transverse abdominis m.

ºback = Rectus abdominis contacting [transversalis fascia]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rectus abdominis m. are related to 3 lines. Name and Describe them

A
  1. Linea Alba = tendon raphe between 2 rectus abdominis m. formed by fused aponeuroses from EXT oblique , internal oblique & transverse abd m.
    - Extends from Xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
  2. Linea Semilunaris= curved line along lateral rectus abdominis
  3. Arcuate Line = Crescent-shaped line marking the bottom ending limit of POST layer rectus sheath course—>ALL RECTUS SHEATH START RUNNING ANTERIOR TO RECTUS ABDOMINIS (vs. being split) AND [inf. epigastric a.] ascends & enters sheath
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A: What are the 3 Key things to remember regarding Embryological Testis Descent

B: What other major pelvic events are occurring at this time?

A

A: 1. By 26 weeks testes have descended retroperitoneally (eXTernal to peritoneum) from SUP lumbar region

  1. Extends from SUP lumbar region–>POST abd wall
    - —>deep inguinal rings
  2. it drags its vessels & nerves from POST abd wall
    ———– —————- —————— ————- ————– ——–
    B: at same time..fetal pelvis enlarges & body/trunk of embryo elongates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

B: B: Processus vaginalis
————————————————————————————
C: How are these 2 related?

A

B: Pv= diverticulum/out pouch of peritoneum that develops IN FRONT of the gubernaculum
————————————————————————————
C: GT forms path thru ANT abd wall so Pv can follow during inguinal canal formation —> it Guides Testicle decent and Anchors Testicle to scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A: When the testis and ____ ____ descend, they are ensheathed by ___ ____ of the abd wall.

B: Describe these 3 abd wall sheaths

A

A: When the testis and DUCTUS DEFERENS descend, they are ensheathed by FASCIAL EXTENSIONS of the abd wall.

B:

  1. transversalis fascia —becomes—->[ internal spermatic fascia]
  2. internal oblique m.—->cremasteric muscle
  3. EXTernal oblique aponeurosis—-> [EXTernal spermatic fascia]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Embryologically, how does the [tunica vaginalis] form? [2]

A

1st: Testes in scrotum projects into distal end of [processus vaginalis] 1st….
2nd: Then, in PERINATAL PERIOD, the connecting stalk between processus normally obliterates—–> leaves remaining white serous membrane[tunica vaginalis] that covers front & sides of testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1) Inguinal Canal [4]

2) how is this related to pathway of descent of testes?

A

1)
ºOblique passage right above inguinal ligament
º4 cm long & directed downward, forward & medially (Like EXTernal oblique)
ºLarger in Males
ºStarts at [Deep inguinal ring] & ENDS at [Superficial inguinal ring]

2) inside[Deep]—>Out/superficial = pathway of descent of testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Boundaries of inguinal canal

1: ANTERIOR [2]
2: POSTERIOR [2]
3: Roof [2]
4: FLoor

A
  • inguinal canal*
    1: ANT=EXT oblique aponeurosis & internal oblique

2: POST= Transversalis fascia & Conjoint tendon
3: Roof= [low arched fibers of internal oblique] & [ HIGH ARCHED Transversus abdominis]
4: FLoor= Inguinal Ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe these Inguinal Canal structures
A: Transversalis Fascia [3]

B: Deep Inguinal Ring

A

A: TF= ºHas deep inguinal ring & lines [transversus abdominis m.] inner surface
ºforms POST canal wall
ºrepresented in scrotum as [internal spermatic fascia]
————————————————————————————
Deep inguinal Ring
B: 1. oval opening in [transversalis fascia] that laterally shares inguinal triangle space with [inf epigastric vessels]

  1. Male Spermatic cord (female uterine round ligament)
    , [Genitofemoral n.>genital branch] & Cremastric m. pass thru
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

1) Where is the [_____ Inguinal Triangle]/what are its boundaries?
A: Medially
B: Laterally
C: Inferiorly

2) What is the clinical significance of this area?

A

1) [Hesselbach’s Inguinal Triangle]
A: MEDIAL= linea semilunaris (lateral Rectus abdominis m.)
B: LATERALLY=lateral umbilical fold (formed by inf epigastric vessels)
C: INFERIORLY= Inguinal Ligament

2) MOST COMMON SITE FOR DIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA = area of potential weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A: MOST [Transversus Abdominis m.] fibers run TRANSVERSE except for which fibers?

B: What is the Conjoint Tendon? What does this tendon do once its formed?

C: Why are [Transversus Abdominis m.] fibers NOT found in the scrotum?

A

A: MOST [Transversus Abdominis m.] (TA) fibers run Transverse EXCEPT FIBERS ORGINATING FROM INGUINAL LIGAMENT= High Arching Fibers

B: ºconjoint tendon= fusion tendon made of [TA inguinal ligament High Arching Fibers ] & [internal oblique inguinal ligament low arching fibers]
ºBy descending behind it Conjoint Tendon SUPPORTS superficial inguinal ring so it itself can b attached to pubic crest & pectineal line

C: becuz it also has fibers originating from Inguinal Ligament (which are High Arching vs. transverse) = not represented in Scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

“Raise your hands to the sky”
A: MOST [Internal Oblique m.] fibers run ______, forward & medially except for which fibers?

B: How is the [Internal Oblique m.] related to the Male Spermatic Cord or female round ligament ?

C: Is this muscle represented in the Scrotum?

A

A: MOST [Internal Oblique m.] fibers run UPWARD, forward & medially EXCEPT FIBERS ORGINATING FROM INGUINAL LIGAMENT= loww arching fibers

B: [internal oblique inguinal ligament-low arching fibers] has a TRIPLE RELATION (ANT vs. above vs. POST) to MSC & FrL

C: YES, [Internal Oblique m.] is inside scrotum as CREMASTER MUSCLE

22
Q

“put your hand in ur pocket”

A: [EXTernal Oblique m.] fibers contain which important structure & and which direction do they run? [3]

B: Is this muscle represented in the Scrotum?

C: [EXTernal Oblique m.] forms the ___[ANT/POST] wall of Inguinal canal. What forms the roof of the Inguinal Canal?

A

A: [EXTernal Oblique m.] =
ºcontains SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL RING
ºruns DOWNWARD, forward & medially

B: YES, represented in Scrotum as [EXTernal spermatic Fascia]

C: [EXTernal Oblique m.] forms ANT wall of Inguinal Canal …while the combo[ Transversus abdominis + Internal Oblique] forms the Roof

23
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

ºinf. border of [EXTernal Oblique m.] AND [Hesselbach’s Inguinal Triangle space]

ºForms Floor of Inguinal CANAL

ºGives origin to “Arched Fibers” of [Transversus Abdominis] and [internal oblique m.]

ºgives off [LACUNAR LIGAMENT]= triangular posterior extension from medial end of Inguinal ligament

24
Q
  • Superficial inguinal ring*
    1. Location
  1. What structure Supports this ring
  2. What important structure passes THRU this ring
  3. Explain the route pathway of the [ iLioinguinal nerve] thru the Superficial inguinal ring [4]
A
  • Superficial inguinal ring*
    1. Triangular opening INSIDE [EXTernal oblique m.] aponeurosis superolateral to pubic crest. Sides are medial & lateral crura
  1. Supported Posteriorly by Conjoint Tendon
  2. Spermatic Cord in males (round ligament of uterus in females) & iLioinguinal n. passes thru
  3. iLioinguinal n. pierces [Transversus abdominis]—>runs between it and [internal oblique]—>then pierces lower [internal oblique] –>to enter inguinal canal and EXit out of Superficial inguinal ring
25
Q

A: SPERMATIC CORD

B: What are its 3 coverings

C: What are the 3 Arteries

D: What are the 3 Veins

E: What are the 3 Nerves

A

A: group of smaller cords tht meet at deep inguinal ring & transverses down the inguinal canal to POST border of testis at Scrotum

B: 1-External spermatic fascia(from EXTernal oblique m.)
2-[Cremaster m. & fascia] (from internal oblique)
3-Internal Spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)

C: 1- Testicular / Cremastric / Vas Artery

D: Vas Deferens / [pampiniform Venous plexus] / [Vestige of processus Vaginalis]

E: [Genitofemoral n.>genital branch], [sympathetic plexus around testicular a. ] , [sympathetic plexus around a. of vas]

26
Q

A: What is an Inguinal Hernia ?

B: What are the 2 different types?

A

A: ºProtrusion of abdominal contents (usually intestine) into peritoneum sac into inguinal region
ºMore common in Males due to larger canal
———————————————————————————-
B: Indirect (passess thru deep ring, inguinal canal & superficial ring) AND MORE COMMON
vs.
Direct = occurs thru weakened abdominal wall muscles DIRECTLY into POST wall of inguinal canal/inguinal triangle

27
Q

Describe InDirect inguinal Hernia [4]

A
  • Passes thru deep ring, inguinal canal & superficial ring
  • MORE COMMON and early age onset
  • Is CONGENITAL & associated w/persistence of processus vaginalis
  • DESCENDS into Scrotum/labium majus & lies lateral to [inf epigastric a.]
28
Q

Describe DIRECT inguinal Hernia

A
  • occurs thru weakened abdominal wall muscles DIRECTLY thru POST wall of inguinal canal…thru inguinal triangle
  • not common for it to reach scrotum
  • ACQUIRED hernia & Medial to [inf epigastric a.]
29
Q

A: There are __ Umbilical fold made in the suprapubic region that are literally just raises of the _____ _____.

B: Describe these Suprapubic Fold

A

A: There are 5 Umbilical Folds made in the suprapubic region that are literally just raises of the PARIETAL PERITONEUM

1 median umbilical fold = raised by [fibrosed Urachus ligament] —> (median umbilical ligament)

2 MEDIAL umbilical folds = raised by [obliterated umbilical a.]—>(MEDIAL umbilical ligament)

2 Lateral umbilical ligaments = raised by [inf. epigastric a.] on its way to rectus sheath

30
Q

The Peritoneum is a ___membrane with 2 layers (____ & ______). Between these layers is the peritoneal cavity which is filled with ____ ____ and functions to________

B: The Peritoneal cavity is subdivided into 2 different Sacs. Describe these Sacs [1] vs. [3]

C: How do these 2 Sacs communicate with each other?

A

B: Greater Sac= MOST of space inside peritoneal cavity. As you open cadaver peritoneum = Greater sac

vs.

[Lesser Omental bursa Sac] =
ºsmall space BEHIND lesser omentum & stomach but INSIDE Greater Omentum.
ºcontinuous to greater omentum via [Omental Epiploic foramen]
ºEmbryologically Formed because stomach rotation & liver growth
—————————————————————————-
C: 2 sacs communicate via [Epiploic Foramen of Winslow’s]

31
Q

Describe the Parietal Layer [2] vs. visceral layer of the Peritoneum

A

PERITONEUM
ºParietal Layer =
1. lines ANT / POST / lateral abdominal walls
2. inf. surface of Diaphragm & pelvic cavity

vs.

2) visceral layer=
leaves body wall to SURROUND abd viscera

32
Q

A: The ____ ____is hung by the Dorsal Mesentery(Double layer Peritoneum) from the ____ ____ _____

B: Where is the Ventral Mesentery found and what happens to it during development?

C: What forms the small intestine and part Large Intestine?

D: In Males the Peritoneal Cavity is _____[Open/closed] while in females the Peritoneal Cavity ____________

A

A: The GUT TUBE is hung by Dorsal Mesentery(Double layer Peritoneum) from POST ABD WALL

B: Ventral Mesentery is found ONLY ABOVE UMBILICUS and is divided by Liver into lesser omentum & falciform ligament during development

C: MID-GUT LOOP rotates to form small intestine and part Large Intestine

D: In Males Peritoneal Cavity is CLOSED, while in females Peritoneal Cavity OPENS UP INTO FALLOPIAN TUBES

33
Q

A: The Peritoneum exits POST abd wall in the form of 4 ______ ____ .

B: Name These 4 structures and their corresponding GI parts

C: Describe these folds

A

B:
1) Greatr/lesser omentum = Stomach

2) Mesentery = Small intestine
3) Meso-colon = Mesoappendix / Transverse & Sigmoid Mesocolon

4) Falciform Ligament {used to be Ventral Mesentery} = Liver or Spleen
- —————————————————————————

C:
1: Greatr/lesser omentum–>Double layer peritoneum passing from Stomach & 1st part Duodenum TO adjacent organs

2: Mesentery–>Double layer peritoneum which results from invagination by intestine
4: Ligament—>Double layer peritoneum connecting [organ TO organ] or [organ TO ANT abd wall] {ex.Falciform}

34
Q

A: What are the organs that develop ON Posterior Abd Wall and BEHIND Visceral peritoneum?

B: What is a common name for this Muscle Group?

A

A: S A D P U C K E R

  1. Suprarenal “adrenal” glands
  2. Aorta
  3. Duodenum < 2nd/3rd parts >
  4. Pancreas
  5. Ureter
  6. Colon & Cecum
  7. Kidneys
  8. Esophagus
  9. Rectum

B: ^ ^ ^ RETROPERITONEAL MUSCLES ^ ^ ^

35
Q

B: NERVE supply for Visceral peritoneum

B2: State the 2 exceptions for Visceral peritoneum innervation

A

A: Parietal= SOMATIC nerves of overlying muscles/skin
Ex: [Diaphragmatic Parietal peritoneum] by phrenic N.
—————————————————————————-
B: Visceral= AUTONOMIC n. with underlying viscera

  1. Visceral peritoneum doesn’t have somatic innervation = Visceral doesn’t interpret pain!
  2. Visceral peritoneum DOES receive AUTONOMIC Sympathetic innervation = sensitive to stretch/tension/ischemia
36
Q

A- The GUT TUBE is divided into __ parts with all Different Blood Supply. List Blood supply for each part

B-Describe these Arteries as a group [2]

C-List the FIRST Organ you should see at the beginning of each GUT TUBE part “AKA the Boundaries”

A

A-GUT TUBE is divided into 3 parts with all Different Blood Supply.
1. Foregut alternative routes for arterial supply
——————————————————————————-
C-
1. Foregut = Liver & stomach
2. Midgut = 2nd half of Duodenum
3. Hindgut = L end 1/3 of Transverse Colon

37
Q

A: What Organs are found in the Hindgut? [4]

B: What Artery are they supplied by and what is its daughter arteries? [3]

A
  1. L 1/3 Transverse Colon
  2. Descending Coon
  3. Sigmoid colon
  4. Rectum

B: < inf mesenteric a. L3 >
ºL colic
ºSigmoid branches
ºSUPErior rectal

38
Q

A: What Organs are found in the FOREgut? [6]

B: What Artery are they supplied by and what is its daughter arteries? [3]

C: What are the daughter arteries of the SUPerior mesenteric a.? [3] and What does this a. supply?

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Liver
  3. Gallbladder
  4. Pancreas
  5. Spleen
  6. 1st half duodenum

B:
ºSplenic
ºL gastric
ºCommon hepatic

C: SUPerior mesenteric a. –> iLeocolic / R & middle colic = supplies MiDgut

39
Q

The STOMACH has __borders, ___sacs, __ surfaces and ____ends. Describe it’s composition [4]

2) Describe the Stomach mucosa and list its blood supply
3) The stomach bed is separated from structures behind stomach by ____ ____. What are these structures? [9]

A

STOMACH has 2 borders [with 2 Omenta], 2 sacs, 2 surfaces and 2 ends (Cardiac vs. pyloric) .
ºComposed of Cardia / Fundus / Body / Pylorus(antrum, canal, sphincter)
———————————————————————————
2) Stomach mucosa is thrown into [rugae folds] –>dilation freedom
———————————————————————————
3) Stomach bed separated from POST structures by LESSER SAC. POST stomach structures include…..
*Spleen

  • = L kidney/L suprarenal/L colic flexure/[L diaphragm crus]
  • = T colon/T mesocolon/ [pancreas body] /splenic a.
40
Q
  1. The _____ _______ is continuous with the Lesser omentum.
  2. Describe the Lesser omentum [3]
  3. What 3 structures are found in Free border of Lesser omentum?
A
  1. VENTRAL MESENTERY is continuous with Lesser Omentum

2.Lesser Omentum:
ºDouble layer peritoneum extending from [Liver porta hepatis] —> lesser curvature of stomach & 1st part duodenum

ºConsist of Hepatogastric & Hepatoduodenal ligaments

ºFormed from 2 R layers of VENTRAL MESENTERY becoming continuous in R free margin (epiploic foramen still present)

    • bile duct
    • hepatic artery
    • portal vein
41
Q

A. The _____ _______ is continuous with the GREATER Omentum.

B. Describe the GREATER Omentum

C. What 4 structures does it consist of?

D. What is special about this GREATER Omentum?

A

A: DORSAL MESENTERY is continuous with Greater Omentum

B: GREATER Omentum:
ºDouble layer peritoneum hanging down from Greater curvature of stomach—->covers transverse colon & other abd viscera

C:

  • Gastrosplenic
  • Gastrophrenic
  • Gastrocolic
  • [lienorenal/splenorenal]

D: ACTS AS ABDOMINAL POLICEMAN = sequesters dz

42
Q

LIVER = ____ gland in human body

1: What is the liver derived from?
2: Name its blood supply
3: Explain the peritoneum coverage for the liver

4: The Liver has __ peritoneal folds, ___ surfaces and __ fissures
5. Describe the __ Peritoneal ligament folds
6: List the ___ Liver surfaces

A
  • LIVER* = LARGEST gLand in humans
    1. liver derived from FOREgut
    2. [Celiac Trunk a. T12 >hepatic]
  1. MOST of liver is covered by peritoneum EXCEPT “bare area” which lies between upper & lower coronary ligaments
  2. ## Liver has 5 PERITONEAL FOLDS, 5 Surfaces & 5 Fissures{H-shaped}5.PERITONEAL FOLDS= º4 FOLDS attached to diaphragm & abd wall by (Coronary / Falciform / R&L triangular LIGAMENTS)
    º1 FOLD attached to Stomach by lesser omentum
    ———————————————————————————
  3. 5 Liver Surfaces = (ANT / POST / R / SUP/ [inf-visceral] )
43
Q

A: LIVER has ___ Fissures that are __-Shaped.
Name each Fissure & what each transmit

B: What is the Portal triad and how is it related to these fissures?

A

Liver has 5 FISSURES that are H-SHAPED combined

  1. Porta Hepatis = horizontally found between [inf quadrate lobe] and [SUP CAUDATE LOBE] = transmits Portal Triad
  2. Ligamentum venosum= transmits ductus venosus
  3. Round Ligamentum teres = transmits obliterated umbilical vein
  4. Gall bladder Fossa= transmits Gallbladder
  5. ## IVC Fissure= inf Vena CavaB: Portal Triad= 3 vessels arrnged FRONT to back as:
    < DAV > tht transmit [Porta Hepatis Fissure] & Perfuse Liver
D= hepatic DUCT {in FRONT}
A= hepatic ARTERY
V= portal VEIN
44
Q

2A: What 3 structures divide Liver into R & L ANATOMICAL lobes?
2B: Anatomically The [inf quadrate lobe] & [SUP CAUDATE LOBE] are housed on which side?
———————————————————————————
3A: What 2 structure divide Liver into R & L FUNCTIONAL lobes?
3B: Functionally The [inf quadrate lobe] & [SUP CAUDATE LOBE] are housed on which side? Why is this?

A

2A: {Falciform ligament / Round Ligamentum teres / Ligamentum venosum}
2B: Anatomically: [inf quadrate lobe]&[SUP CAUDATE LOBE]—>are on right side!
———————————————————————————
3A: {Gallbladder Fossa / IVC Fissure}
3B: FUNCTIONALLY: [inf quadrate lobe]&[SUP CAUDATE LOBE]—>are on L SIDE because this is side they’re PERFUSED ON

45
Q

B: Physiologically Describe [% Blood] vs.
[% Oxygen demand] housed in the hepatic ARTERY vs. portal VEIN

A

B:
*hepatic ARTERY= 25%Blood + 50% Oxygen Demand

**portal VEIN= 75%Blood + 50% Oxygen Demand

46
Q

1) Explain the Order of Path for the Biliary “___” System starting with the Liver [6]
2) Where is the Sphincter of Oddi and what is its job?

A

1: [R / L hepatic ducts]–>Common Hepatic Duct—-(cystic duct interjects)—->CBD Common bile duct—-(main pancreatic duct interjects)—–>[Ampulla of Vater] opens on major duodenal papillae -2nd part duodenum
2: circular m. surrounding lower bile duct, pancreatic duct & [Ampulla of Vater] = controls bile flow & pancreatic secretions

47
Q

The Gallbladder is a ___shaped sac with 3 parts [__ vs. ___vs. ____] Describe these 3 parts

A

Gallbladder = PEAR SHAPED SAC w/3 parts
1. FUNDUS = lies at meeting point between Semilunaris & [9th R costal cartilage] = MAX site of tenderness during acute cholecystitis

  1. BODY= lies in Gallbladder Fossa on inf Liver surface
  2. NECK= Houses [Hartmann’s Pouch] on its posteromedial wall—>common site for Gallbladder STONES
48
Q

The Celiac Trunk a. is a short artery that stems from ____ _____ at ___ vertebrae. Celiac Trunk perfuses the _____. It has 3 Daughter Arteries [L gastric / Splenic /Common Hepatic]

Describe the L gastric a. daughter [3]

A

Celiac Trunk a. is a short artery stemming from ABDOMINAL AORTA at T12 vertebrae. Celiac Trunk perfuses the FOREGUT. Has 3 Daughter Arteries [L gastric / Splenic / Common Hepatic]

L Gastric:

  1. Points UPWARD & slides into lesser omentum
  2. Branches to (Esophagus + Stomach)
  3. Ends by anastomosing with R GASTRIC a. at lesser curvature of stomach
49
Q

The Celiac Trunk a. is a short artery that stems from ____ _____ at ___ vertebrae. Celiac Trunk perfuses the _____. It has 3 Daughter Arteries [L gastric / Splenic /Common Hepatic]

B: Describe the Splenic a. daughter[4]

C: Describe this arteries Branches to Stomach

A

Splenic Tortuous a. :
1. Points TO LEFT & is VERRRY TORTUOUS/SQUIGGLY
2. Branches to (Stomach + spleen + pancreas)

  1. Runs along SUP pancreas border & ENDS in [lienorenal ligament] by giving spleen 5-6 terminal branch
  2. ## Has [L gastroepiploic a.] that ends by anastomosing with [R gastroepiploic a.] at Greater Curvature of stomachC: branches to stomach—>short gastric a. and [L gastroepiploic a.] = BOTH run in [gastrosplenic ligament]
50
Q

The Celiac Trunk a. is a short artery that stems from ____ _____ at ___ vertebrae. Celiac Trunk perfuses the _____. It has 3 Daughter Arteries [L gastric / Splenic /Common Hepatic]

B: Describe the Common Hepatic a. daughter [2]

C: This Artery FIRST gives off the _____ granddaughter a.(which has which 2 products of its own?)
Common Hepatic then creates _____ _____ and then [R/L Hepatic A. (which goes to ____organ)

D: What PARENT artery does the R Gastric a. come from

E: Supraduodenal artery

A

B:
Common Hepatic a.
1. Points TO RIGHT
2. Branches to (Stomach + duodenum + Liver)
———————————————————————————
C:
1st:Common Hepatic—->Gastroduodenal = [SUP PANCREATICODUODENAL] + [R GASTROMENTAL]
2ND: Common Hepatic—>Hepatic Proper —->R/L hepatic a.——>cystic artery branch (to Gallbladder)

E: Supraduodenal a. is a branch of common hepatic that may arise from either [Gastroduodenal a.] OR [Hepatic Proper a.]

51
Q

1) What is the SPLEEN?
2) Where is it located?

3) Describe its 2 Surfaces
4) Name the 3 Areas and their order
5) What is its Blood Supply [Arterial vs. Venous] ?
6) Why is the [Splenic Tortuous Artery] so..Tortuous?

A

1) Spleen= Lrge lymphoid organ related to hematopoiesis

3)
A: Diaphragmatic= separates spleen from L lung & Ribs 9-11

B: Visceral=CONTAINS HILUM which transmits splenic vessels & originates stomach/kidney attchmnt ligaments

4)
ºColic = Front and lateral
ºGastric = Behind and medial
———————————————————————————
5) [Arterial]: Celiac trunk—>Splenic Tortuous Artery

6) accommodates variable Stomach Distention

Anatomy EXAM 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions