11-11 Perineum Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the Perineum? A: ANTERIOR B: Lateral C: POSTERIOR D: Roof
Perineum Boundaries
A: ANT= Pubic symphysis
B:lateral= ischial tuberosity
C: POST= Coccyx
D: Roof= pelvic diaphragm
The Anal CANAL is a continuation of ______ found within the ____ _____.
- Anal CANAL/RECTUM Blood Supply
- Anal CANAL/RECTUM Venous drainage
- Anal CANAL nerve innervation [Autonomic vs. Somatic]
Anal CANAL is continuation of RECTUM It’s found within the ANAL TRIANGLE
- Blood=
- [SUP rectal A.] above pectinate line (From IMA)
- *[mid rectal A.] (From Internal Iliac A. > ANT division]
- **[inf recta A.] below pectinate line (From Interna Pudendal )
*Venous= [SUP rectal V.] drains above pectinate line & [inf. rectal v.] drains below pectinate line
*nerve=
Autonomic–> [inf hypogastric plexus]
Somatic—->[inf rectal n.]
A: Name the 5 things you’ll see in Anal Triangle
B: Where is the ANAL TRIANGLE located?
C: Dorsal n. innervates what? {Where does it come from}
A. Anal SPINCTER
- internal & EXTernal Anal Sphincter
- Ischiorectoral Fossa FULL OF FAT on sides of Anal triangle
- Nerves: [Pudendal n.—–> Perineal n. AND inf. rectal n.] {Perineal n.—->Dorsal n. }
- Internal Pudendal A/V—>perineal branch + [inf. rectal a.] +Dorsal a. + Deep a
- ## AnusB: ANAL TRIANGLE is found BEHIND line that connects ischial tuberosities articulating Coccyx
C:Dorsal n. innervates penis/clitoris. (FROM Pudendal n.)
Compare the Internal Anal Sphincter [2] to the EXTernal Anal Sphincter [3]
***: Both are part of the ____ _____
Internal Anal Sphincter
1. Thickened lower end of [rectal m. ] that is WEAK and NOT able to act alone
2. its smooth m. innervated by autonomic [inf. hypogastric plexus]
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EXTernal Anal Sphincter= < 3 parts + muscle>
º attached to coccyx and perineal body
ºencircles anal canal & fuses with [puborectalis m.]
ºSkeletal m.= innervated by Somatic [Pudendal n.>inf rectal branch]
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**BOTH IN THE ANAL TRIANGLE!
A: What is the Ischiorectoral Fossa?
1) How is the [Alcock Pudendal Canal] formed & is it above or below Levator Ani m.
2) The Perineal Body lies at the ____ of the ____ ____ and functions to…
A: IF= FAT filled space lateral to ANAL TRIANGLE thts used as dead space for Anus to expand!
1) [Alcock Pudendal Canal] is formed by [obturator internus fascia] which splits to enclose [Pudendal NeuroVascular bundle] & is found BELOW Levator Ani m.
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2) Perineal Body lies at FRONT of ANAL CANAL & functions to connect [central tendon of perineum], bulbospongiosum m., [superficial transverse perineum m.] and corpus cavernosum
A: Inside the Urogenital Triangle, the Perineal Membrane forms the base for _____ musculature and ______. What are the spaces DEEP & superficial to this Perineal Membrane called?
B: How is the female Urogenital Triangle DIFFERENT from the Male Urogenital Triangle?
C: The _____ ______ is AKA the [inferior fascia of Urogenital Diaphragm]. Is this fascia Stronger or weaker than its counterpart?
Inside Urogenital Triangle, Perineal Membrane forms base for penis/clitoral musculature & Penis/Clitoral.
ºSpace above Perineal Membrane = [Superficial Perineal Pouch]
ºSpace DEEP to Perineal Membrane= [DEEP Perineal Pouch]—->between Perineal Membrane & [levator ani. m.>DEEP Fascia]
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B: feMale UG triangle is similar to Males BUT feMale BULB and [bulbospongiosus m.] IS SPLIT BY VAGINA
C: Perineal Membrane is AKA the [inferior fascia of Urogenital Diaphragm] = STRONGER FASCIA!
Contents of [Superficial Perineal Pouch] include [Penis/Clitoris Root], [3 Muscles], Nerves & Arteries
A1: Describe the [Penis/Clitoris Root] . What’s special about this in Females?
A2: What is its Blood supply?
B: Where is located?
[Superficial Perineal Pouch]
[Penis/Clitoris Root]
A1.
1. Bulb: back continuous part of—-> [corpus spongiosum]
- 2 Root Crura: back continuous part of [corpora Cavernosa]
* **{ There is NO Corpus Spongiosum} in FeMales but they still have a Bulb }
A2. Blood Supply = Deep a. of penis [Comes from Internal Pudendal] = makes “eyeballs” in Corpus Cavernosum
B: Space between Perineal Membrane/inf. fascia of Urogenital Diaphragm and [Colle’s fascia near outer skin]
Contents of [Superficial Perineal Pouch] include [Penis/Clitoris Root], [3 Muscles], Nerves & Arteries
A: Describe the 3 Muscles
B: Where is located?
[Superficial Perineal Pouch]
[3 muscles]
1. ISCHIOCAVERNOUS M.= found on top of Corpus Cavernosum which is housed in ischiopubic rami..it contracts to compress penis venous outflow
- BULBOSPONGIOSUS M.= surrounds bulb & expels residually leftover urine/semen from urethra
- ## [SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEI M.]B:Space between Perineal Membrane/inf. fascia of Urogenital Diaphragm and [Colle’s fascia near outer skin]
Contents of [Superficial Perineal Pouch] include [Penis/Clitoris Root], [3 Muscles], [Nerves & Arteries]
A: Describe the Nerves AND Arteries
B: Where is located?
[Superficial Perineal Pouch]
Arteries: [Internal Pudendal A. .>Perineal branch]
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B: Space between Perineal Membrane/inf. fascia of Urogenital Diaphragm and [Colle’s fascia near outer skin]
A: What 4 Key structures are housed in the [DEEP Perineal Pouch]
B: Nerve innervation for [DEEP Perineal Pouch]
C: Main Artery for [DEEP Perineal Pouch]
D: Where is this pouch found?
[DEEP Perineal Pouch]
A:
1. membranous urethra
2. [Cowper’s Bulbourethral glands] ((MALES ONLY))
3. Sphincter urethra m. [1st prt of urogenital diaphragm]
4. Deep transverse perinei m. [2nd prt of urogenital diaphragm]
C: INTERNAL PUDENDAL A.
D: [DEEP Perineal Pouch] is the Space inbetween the 2 Urogenital Diaphragm Fascia
A: [DEEP Perineal Pouch] is perfused by the _____ _____ Artery.
B: Describe its 4 daughter arteries and what they perfuse
C: Describe its Venous Drainage [3]
A: [DEEP Perineal Pouch] is perfused by INTERNAL PUDENDAL Artery
**which has daughters…
B:
1. inf. rectal a. = perfuses Rectum/Anal canal
- Bulb a. = pierces perineal membrane to enter [Penile/Clitoris Bulb]
- Deep a. = pierces perineal membrane to enter [Corpora Cavernosum]—>becomes “eyes”
- ## DORsal a.= pierces perineal membrane to stay on top of the Corpora CavernosumC: Veins:
º Veins correspond to the arteries except DORsal v. is divided into DEEP & superficial dorsal v.
((DORsal v.—>[DEEP&superficial dorsal v.] ))
º [Superficial dorsal v.] drains into EXTernal pudendal vein (which is daughter of Femoral v.)
ºDEEP dorsal penile vein enters pelvic cavity after passing ANT border of UG diaphragm and drains into [Internal Pudendal v. ]
There lies a weakness in the ____[ANT/POST] part of the Pelvic _____ which is why the _____ Diaphragm exist to inferiorly support it.
2) This _____ Diaphragm is composed of what 2 muscles?
3) What important structure runs thru this ____ Diaphragm
Weakness in the ANT part of the Pelvic Diaphragm exit so UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM inferiorly supports it.
2) UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM = [Sphincter urethra m. + DEEP Transverse perineum m.]
3) The Urethra runs THRU UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM
- The UroGenital Diaphragm “meat” is made of which 2 muscles?
- Where is the Superficial Perineum Pouch found?
- What FEMALE ONLY structure is housed in the Superficial Perineum Pouch? How is it related to Cowpers gland?
- The penis sits ____[SUPERIOR/inferior] to the [inf. fascia of UGD/ perineum membrane]
- Urogenital Diaphragm = [Sphincter Urethra m. + DEEP transverse perinei m.]
- Superficial Perineum Pouch is inbetween [inf fascia of UGD/Perineal membrane] and [Colle’s fascia/outer skin]
- [FEMALE greater vestibular glands] are found in Superficial Perineum Pouch (is the equivalent to MALE Cowper Bulbourethral glands but this is in DEEP Pouch)
- Penis sits inferior to [inf. fascia of UGD/perineum membrane] = it’s in Superficial perineum pouch
1) Erectile tissue is filled with ______ which allow ________.
2) What is a [Straudal injury] ?
1) Erectile tissue is filled with SINUSOIDS which allow blood flow to enter
2) [Straudal injury] damage to the Spongy Urethra that –> blood in superficial pouch—>which actually communicates with space between Deep Scarpa’s/Colle’s—>HUGE SWOLLEN TESTICLES
