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Anatomy EXAM 2 > 10-20 Orbit I > Flashcards

10-20 Orbit I Flashcards

1
Q

A: Describe the 3 RIM BONES of the Orbit

B: Now describe the 4 bones INSIDE the Orbit

A

A:
1. Frontal = Superior / ROOF
2. Zygomatic = lateral
3. Maxilla = Medial, Inferior / FLOOR
——————————————————————–
B: “PELS” inside the orbit
ºPalatine= part of medial floor posteriorly

ºEthmoid= extremely thin (lamina papyracea) / medial

ºLacrimal= creates fossa for lacrimal sac / medial

ºSphenoid= Special bone tht optic canal runs thru medially

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2
Q

Describe Sphenoid bone positioning INSIDE the Orbit [5]

A
  • posterior & lateral
  • greater & lesser wings form SUP orbital fissure
  • inferior orbital fissure is between Grtr wing & Maxilla
  • fissures meet medially
  • Optic canal runs thru Sphenoid body medially
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3
Q

Describe the 6 BOUNDARIES of the ___shaped Orbit

  • Base
  • Apex
  • Superior wall
  • Medial Wall
  • Inferior wall
  • Lateral wall
A 
Orbit = PYRAMID SHAPED
ºBase= Orbit Rim

ºApex= points posteromedially to optic canal and has center axis which points to sella turcica @ 22.5º

ºSuperior Wall= frontal bone (small portion of sphenoid lesser wing)

ºMedial Wall = parallel to opposing orbit–>composed of ethmoid and lacrimal [frontal,maxilla,sphenoid]

ºInferior Wall=Maxilla & small part of zygomatic,palatine

ºLateral wall= THICKEST orbit wall set at 90º to opposing orbit’s lateral wall–> Zygomatic & Sphenoid

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4
Q

A: List AND DESCRIBE the 7 layers of the Palpebrae (AKA ______) from superficial to DEEP

B: What is its function

A

A: Palpebrae = “ Eyelids “

  1. Skin
  2. Subcutaneous loose connective tissue=moves skin
  3. Muscular layer=palpebral part of Orbicularis oculi m.
  4. Submuscular loose connective tissue=contain Facial CN7 —> innervates Orbicularis oculi m.
  5. Tarsal Plate
  6. Tarsal GLANDS
  7. Palpebral conjunctiva

B: protects & aids in eye lubrication

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5
Q

Describe the Skin Layer of the Palpebrae (AKA _______) [3]

A

Palpebrae SKIN

  • Contains Moll sweat glands & Zinn sebaceous glands
  • has specialized hairs [eyelashes] growing from ANT mucocutaneous border
  • contain [ciliary stye glands]= eyelash sebaceous glands
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6
Q

Describe the TARSAL Plate Layer of the Palpebrae (AKA _______) [3]

A

Palpebrae = “Eyelids”
ºgives eyelid stiffness

º associates with [levator palpebrae superioris m.] superiorly= raises eyelid

º levator superioris m. also contains tarsal Muller’s m.= INC tone

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7
Q

Describe the TARSAL GLAND Layer of the Palpebrae (AKA _______) [3]

A

Palpebrae = “Eyelids”

  • long glands underneath TARSAL plate
  • lubricates mucocutaneous junction preventing sticking
  • forms tight seal when eyelids closed
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8
Q

Describe the Palpebral conjunctiva Layer of the Palpebrae (AKA _______) [4]

A

Palpebrae = “Eyelids”

  • DEEPEST layer of eyelids
  • mucous membrane on inner eyelid that moistens eyelid
  • continuous w/bulbar conjunctiva @ superior/inferior fornix
  • superior fornix receives lacrimal gland secretions
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9
Q

A: What 4 things can you see from the ANTERIOR view of the eye?

B: Describe each ANT eye component

A

A: Palpebral fissure =space between upper & lower palpebrae

C: Lacrimal CARruncle= fleshy elevation inside Lacrimal lake that houses sweat/sebasceous glands, cilia & produces yellowish sandman secretions during sleep
———————————————————————————
D: Plica semilunaris= connective tissue band lateral to CARuncle that’s homologous with nictitating membrane “3rd eyelid”

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10
Q

1- What does the [Lacrimal Apparatus] do?

2-Name the 5 structures it’s composed of

A

1- Provides lubrication to ANT eye surface

2-
A: Lacrimal Glands
B: Puncta lacrimali 
C: Lacrimal canaliculus
D: Lacrimal sac
E: Nasolacrimal duct
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11
Q

A: Describe the 3 major features of the Lacrimal Gland

B: Where is this gland found?

C: Where do tears secreted collect?

A

A: 1. has small palpebral part on inner surface of eyelid
—>can see with reflected eyelid

2: has LARGE Orbital part containing interlobular ducts tht form multiple excretory ducts

B: Found In [Lacrimal Apparatus]

C: Secreted tears collect in upper lid SUP fornix & pass over eye surface with blinking

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12
Q

1) How do Secreted Tears reach the eye surface

2) Tears are secreted by which Gland and by which Cranial Nerve?

A

1) Secreted Tears collect in upper lid’s SUP fornix and pass over the eye surface with the aid of blinking
2) Tears = Lacrimal Gland = [Facial CN7^greater petrosal n.] [GVE component]

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13
Q

Briefly describe these structures of the [Lacrimal Apparatus] and where they’re located….

1: Puncta Lacrimali
2: Lacrimal Canaliculus
3: Lacrimal sac
4: Nasolacrimal duct

A

1: PL=openings in medial aspect of upper/lower eyelids that tears drain into. Found on top of [lacrimal papillae] elevations
- ——————————————————————————–
2: Lc=canal duct tht connects [Puncta lacrimali] with [lacrimal sac]. Found on upper/lower Palpebrae
- ——————————————————————————–
3: LS= oblong “sac” that rest inside lacrimal bone fossa. Connects to [Puncta lacrimal] via
- ——————————————————————————–
4: NLD= Drains fluid into nasal cavities. Found inferior to [Lacrimal sac] and ANTERIOR to [inferior nasal meatus]

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14
Q

Describe the SYMPATHETIC pathway to the Lacrimal Gland [4]

A

1st: preganglionic fibers originate from upper thoracic cord

–> travel in sympathetic chain to SYNAPSE in Superior Cervical ganglion

——> the now POSTganglionic fibers follow carotid plexus to form [DEEP PETROSAL n.] which joins w/[greater petrosal n.] = n. of pterygoid canal/vidian n.

LAST: sympathetic fibers ONLY PASS thru [pterygopalatine ganglion] & follow same course as PARAsympathetic fibers to lacrimal gland

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15
Q

1) [Parasympathetic GVE] preganglionic secretomotor fibers traveling to [Lacrimal Gland] originate from which nucleus?
2) What main nerve does these fibers travel as?

A

1) Superior Salivatory Nucleus

2) [greater petrosal n. ] daughter of Facial CN7

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16
Q

A: Name the 7 Orbit Muscles and describe their function

B: MOST of these muscles are innervated by the _____ CN except 2. What are they and name their innervation

C: Which of these muscles originate from the [common annulus tendinous ring]

A
  1. Levator Palpebrae superioris=raises eyeLID
  2. Superior rectus=elevates & ADDucts
  3. Medial rectus= ADDucts eye
  4. Inferior rectus= depresses&ADDucts
  5. Inferior Oblique = elevates&ABducts
  6. Lateral rectus= ABducts eye
  7. ## Superior Oblique= depresses&ABductsB: 1-5= [Occulomotor CN3]

C: All 4 RECTUS MUSCLES

17
Q

[Superior Oblique Orbit Muscle]

  1. Origin
  2. Passage
  3. Nerve innervation
  4. Function
A

[Superior Oblique Orbit Muscle]

  1. originates from sphenoid body above optic canal & medial to SUP rectus m.
  2. passes thru [Trochlea] anteromedially, inserts onto SUP eye behind eyes midplane and is deep to SUP rectus
  3. [Trochlear/ CN4]
  4. depresses&ABducts “Down and Out”
18
Q

What is the Order of the Orbit muscles from an Anterolateral view

A

TOP: ºSUP oblique
ºLevator palpebrae superioris

ºSUP rectus
ºmedial rectus
ºINF rectus

ºINF oblique
BOTTOM: ºLateral rectus

19
Q

[Trigeminal/CN5-B1^Opthalmic] has 3 daughters of its own = NFL

Describe the {Lacrimal n.} daughter [2]

A
  1. supplies lacrimal gland, lateral eye & lateral upper/lower palpebrae
  2. Receives fibers from [B2>zygomatic ] (which joins up with it)..then Carries POSTgnglionic PARAsympathetic AND Sympathetic fibers to distal end lacrimal gland
20
Q

[Trigeminal/CN5-B1^Opthalmic] has 3 daughters of its own = NFL

Describe the {Frontal n.} daughter and its 2 daughters

A

[Frontal n.]
A: Travels on top Orbits roof and divides into Supraorbital & SupraTROchlear granddaughter nerves

    1. Supraorbital=continues thru  & supplies upper eyelid and scalp skin over eye
   2. SupraTROchlear= continues medially & innervates [medial canthus] and part of eye scalp near nose's bridge
21
Q

[Trigeminal/CN5-B1^Opthalmic] has 3 daughters of its own = NFL

A: Describe the 5 {Nasociliary n.} daughter nerve branches

B: How does the {Nasociliary n.} enter the orbit

A

{Nasociliary} daughter nerve BRANCHES

  1. [Ciliary ganglion Communicating branch]=sensory fibers to cornea that exit ganglia without synpasing via short ciliary n.
  2. Long ciliary nerves= innervate cornea & sclera by running directly to back of eyeball
  3. Posterior ethmoidal=supplies POST & mid ethmoid air cells
  4. ANTerior ethmoidal= supplies ANT & mid ethmoid air cells
  5. Infratrochlear =
    ºTERMINAL nasociliary branch found beneath trochlea, that innervates [medial canthus] & lower eyelid
    ºalso creates [external nasal n.] which supplies bridge & SUP part of nose
    ———————————————————————————
    B: [Nasociliary n.] enters orbit LATERALLY, then crosses above optic nerve to create it daughter nerve branches
22
Q

[Trigeminal/CN5-B2^Maxillary]
1. What does this n. innervate? [3]

  1. Describe its passage route [2]
A

[Trigeminal/CN5-B2^Maxillary]
1. innervates SENSORY to orbit floor, orbit lateral & ANT face below orbit to the level of upper lip
———————————————————————————
2.
ºruns in floor via infraorbital groove–>births [zygomatic branch] daughter then continues to enter infraorbital canal

ºFinally terminates anteriorly by exiting infraorbital foramen as [infraorbital n. branch]

23
Q

1) How does the Preganglionic PARsympathetic fibers reach the ciliary ganglion
2) Where is the ciliary ganglion found?

A: What does Ciliary muscle do?

B: What does the Sphincter pupillae m. do?

A

1) Pregang fibers originate in [Edinger-Westphal nucleus] and travel in inferior division of [Oculomotor CN3] (specifically inf oblique m. branch) –>to reach ciliary ganglion

2) CG found lateral & inferior to the optic nerve, just proximal to where it enters eye
- ——————————————————————————–
3) POSTgang enter eye via [SHORT ciliary n.] which run a circle around eye in uveal layer
- —>ciliary m. and sphincter pupillae m.

A: ciliary m.= changes shape of lens causing it to thicken (INC curvature) & focus on near objects

B: Sphincter pupillae m.= constricts pupil

24
Q

1) How does the Preganglionic Sympathetic fibers reach the superior cervical ganglion
2) Describe passage of POSTganglionic Sympathetic fibers
3) There are 2 ways these fibers enter the eye. What are they?
4) What does the Sympathetic fibers do in the eye

A

1) Pregang fibers originate in [IML lateral horns] of upper thoracic spinal cord–>exit ventral root–>ascend to SUP cervical ganglion of the neck

2) POSTgang fibers follow carotid artery into skull, eventually traveling in cavernous sinus to join [CN5-B1].
- –>BOTH then enter orbit via Superior orbital fissure

3) A: travel thru ciliary gang (NO SYNAPSING) and into eye via short ciliary n.
B: DIRECTLY into eye via long ciliary n.

4) INNERVATES [Dilator pupillae m.]=Dilates pupil

25
Q

[ Opthalmic Artery ]

1) What does it supply?
2) What is its Parent artery?
3) How does it enter the eye?

A
  1. supplies ALL orbit structures including lacrimal gland, eyeball and muscles
  2. Direct branch off [Internal Carotid a.]
  3. Enters eye via optic canal ( with but lateral to optic n.)
26
Q

A: Opthalmic artery enters the eye ______ to the optic nerve and follows a course similar to what nerve?

B: Name the 7 branches this artery gives way once it enters and what they perfuse

A

A: Opthalmic artery enters eye LATERAL to optic n. and follows course similar to [nasociliary n. ]

B:

  1. [Short & Long POST ciliary a.]= perfuses eyeball
  2. Lacrimal a. = lacrimal gland & lateral palpebrae
  3. Muscular branches = extraocular m.
  4. POST ethmoidal a. =POST & mid air cells
  5. Supraorbital a. = follows supraorbital n. to supraorbital foramen–> exits orbit to perfuse forehead & scalp
  6. ANT ethmoidal a. = ANT & mid ethmoid air cells
  7. Supratrochlear a. = follows Supratrochlear n. to medial canthus = medial forehead
  8. Dorsal nasal a. = lacrimal sac & lateral nose
27
Q

1) The Lacrimal artery runs ____ to supply the ___gland and _____ _____.
2) Name the other 2 daughter branches this artery creates?
3) What is the Lacrimal artery PARENT ARTERY?

A

1) Lacrimal a. runs LATERALLY to supply lacrimal gland and lateral palpebrae

2) A: recurrent eyeball branch-ANT ciliary a.
B: branches to lateral wall of orbit

3) OPTHALMIC ARTERY[from Internal carotid a.]

28
Q

A: Orbit Venous drainage occurs through which veins? [2]
B: These veins exit thru the ____ ___ ___ and drain into the _____ ____

C: Which vein also drains inferiorly to the [pterygoid plexus]

D: Veins from the eye are called ______ _____

A

A: Orbit venous drainage=SUP and inf Opthalmic veins

B: These exit thru Superior Oribtial fissure and then drain into the [CAVERNOUS SINUS]

C: inf Opthalmic vein also drains inferiorly into [pterygoid plexus]

D: Eye veins = VORTICOSE VEINS

29
Q

1) Retina venous drainage occurs via the _______, which normally drains DIRECTLY to the ____ ____
2) Opthalmic Veins also receive blood from Facial Veins. Which Facial veins? [4] Why is this a possible problem?

A

1) Retina venous drainage occurs via [central vein of retina], which normally drains DIRECTLY into [CAVERNOUS SINUS]
2) Facial VEINS: Supraorbital/ Supratrochlear / Angular / Facial all 4 drain into Opthalmic Veins —–>possibly bad becuz may serve as route for infection

30
Q

CHALAZION

A

Inflammation & Red Lump formation 2º to blocked [meibomian gland]

Anatomy EXAM 2 (16 decks)

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