10-30 Heart & Pericardium Flashcards
Name the Boundaries of the Middle Mediastinum
A: Superior
B: Inferior
C: LEFT Lateral
D: RiGHt Lateral
A: SUP = sternal angle / T4-T5
B: inf= Xipersternal Joint / T9
C: L Lateral = 5th intercostal space in midaxillary line
D: R Lateral = along sternal border
- Pericardium
(describe the two layers deep to thePericardium)
1A. [Visceral layer Epicardium]
1B. Parietal layer [2]
- What’s the Space found inbetween Serous Pericardium of the Parietal and Visceral layers called ?
- Pericardium=closed sac containing serous fluid for lubrication
1B: Parietal Layer= has 2 PARTS
- serous pericardium = continuous with VLE
- Thick Fibrous layer= continuous with adventitia of great vessels entering & leaving Heart
2. [Pericardial Serous Cavity]
A: There are __ POST sinuses that form as a result of pericardium reflections. These reflections are located where the ______________
B: Describe the POSTERIOR sinuses that form
C: These POSTERIOR sinuses can only be accessed from the __[R or L] side of heart because…
A: There are 2 POSTERIOR sinuses tht form as a result of pericardium reflections. These reflections are located where visceral epicardium & parietal layers are continuous w/one another @ great vessels
B:
1. Transverse sinus= lies above entry of 4 Pulmonary veins
- ## Oblique sinus= LARGER & found BELOW pericardial reflection INBETWEEN pulmonary veinsC: POST sinuses can only be accessed from L side because there are pericardial reflections between pulmonary veins & SUP/inf vena cavae
List the 6 Stage Sequence of HEART BLOOD FLOW
B. How many Pulmonary VEINS are there? How many Pulmonary arteries?
- Blood enters R atrium thru SUP / inf. vena cavae
- Passes [Tricuspid valve] into R ventricle
- Exits R ventricle using [Pulmonary trunk] and passing [Pulmonary SemiLunar valve] –>travels in Pulmonary VEIN
- GOES TO LUNGS and then returns to L atrium via [R & L PULMonary VEINS]
- Then Passes into L Ventricle via [BiCuspid Mitral Valve]
- Leaves L ventricle into Body via [Ascending Aorta] passing [Aortic SemiLunar valve] on the way
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B: 4 PULM VEINS! and only 2 pulmonary arteries
A: What 6 major structures are housed inside the R Atrium?
B: What 2 major structures are housed inside the L Atrium?
R Atrium =
- Fossa Ovalis (where Foramen Ovale used to be)
- ^ Musculi Pectinati layer ^
- Coronary Sinus Opening(Hearts venous blood drains into this)
- Crista terminalis
- inf. Vena Cavae valve
- ## SUP / inf Vena Cavae OpeningsL Atrium
- Foramen Ovale valve
- PULMonary VEIN Openings! [4]
A: What 5 major structures are housed inside the R VENTRICLE?
B: What 4 major structures are housed inside the L VENTRICLE?
R VENTRICLE:
1. Trabeculae Carnae layer
2. chorda tendinae
3. Tricuspid Valves (ANT vs. POST vs. septal)
4. Papillary muscles (ANT vs. POST vs. septal)
5. [Septomarginal trabeculae Moderator band]
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L VENTRICLE:
1. Trabeculae Carnae layer
2.chorda tendinae
3. Bicuspid Valves (ANT vs. POST)
4. Papillary muscles (ANT vs. POST)
A: What are the 3 daughter arteries of the L Coronary?
B: What are the 2 daughter arteries of the R coronary?
C: Name the 4 Cardiac Veins
A: [L Coronary] : ANT descending interventricular a. / Left Marginal a. / Circumflex a.
B: [R Coronary]: POST descending interventricular a. / Right Marginal a.
C:
- Cardiac Sinus
- GREAT Cardiac v.
- Middle Cardiac v.
- small Cardiac v.
1) How does PARAsympathetic control get to the heart and how does it affect Heart Rate?
2A) How does Sympathetic control get to Heart and how does it affect HR
2B) How does this relate to “Referred pain”
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3) Describe the 2 INtrinsic control nodules of the Heart
1) PARAsympathetic fibers from VAGUS n.= DEC HR
2A) POSTganglionic Sympathetic fibers from T1-T5 reach [cardiac plexuses]–>INC HR.
2B) Referred pain from MI radiates to UE (mostly L) along the T1 dermatome
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3)
ºSA[sinu-atrial] node= Heart “PACEMAKER”
ºAV[atrioventricular] node= receives impulses from SA node to convey thru [AV Bundle of His] & [Septomarginal trabeculae Moderator band]
List GROSS LOCATION and Where you’d actually AUSCULTATE these structures
- Pulmonary SemiLunar Valve
- Aortic SemiLunar Valve
- Bicuspid Mitral Valve
- Tricuspid Valve
- PULM SL Valve
ºlocated: L -2nd costo-sternal junction
**AUSC: 2nd intercostal space / L of sternum **
———————————————————————————– - Aortic SL Valve
ºlocated: L -3rd costo-sternal junction
**AUSC: 2nd intercostal space / R of sternum **
———————————————————————————– - Bicuspid Mitral Valve
ºlocated: 3rd intercostal space / L of sternum
- *AUSC: L 5th intercostal space @ mid-clavicular line right below L nipple in males**
- Tricuspid Valve
ºlocated: BEHIND Sternum @ 4th rib
AUSC: 5th intercostal space / L of sternum
1) Anatomically how could you find the Pulmonary Trunk?
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2) Which artery does the GREAT Cardiac Vein course with?
3) Name the PARENT arteries for the R marginal and L marginal arteries. What granddaughter artery does the R marginal a. produce?
- ———————————————————————————-
4) What important heart structures sits ON TOP of the Diaphragm?
5) What vertebrae is the Aorta located?
6) Azygous Vein
1) It’s the HUGE TUBE right in front of the heart
2) GREAT Cardiac Vein courses to the POST heart with circumflex a. [daughter of L Coronary artery]
3)
ºR CORONARY ARTERY —–>R marginal a. –>POST interventricular a.
ºL CORONARY—->CiRCUmFLeX a. —–>L marginal a.
4) L ATRIUM
5) T4
6) Drains POST intercostal veins and dumps into the SUP Vena Cava
A: Name the 3 daughter arteries of the Internal Thoracic Artery
B: What GI structures does the Vagus course with into the Abd cavity?
C: Where [2] and Why [2] is the [STERNAL ANGLE OF LOUIS] so important??
A: 1. ANT intercostal arteries
2. muscular phrenic a.
3. SUP epigastric a.
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B: ESOPHAGUS
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C: Found where [sternum manubrium] & [sternum body] meet == Where BASE of HEART is ..AND..Where trachea divides
Ligamentum Arteriosum
1) In Embryo = shunt between AortaPulmonary Trunk
2) When matured (POST Embryo) = Ligament tht traps [Vagus L recurrent laryngeal n. ]
