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Anatomy EXAM 2 > 10-27 Larynx > Flashcards

10-27 Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

A: Larynx extends from ____ vertebrae to ___ vertebrae and comprises of [__single Cartilage + ___PAIRED Cartilages + __Joints]

B: Describe this composition

A

B:
º3 single = (Thyroid cartilage / Cricoid cartilage / Epiglottis)

º3 PAIRED= (Corniculate / Cuneiform / Arytenoid)

º2 Synovial Joints= (Cricothyroid Joint / Cricoarytenoid Joint)

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2
Q

Thyroid Cartilage (_____ _____) [4]

A

Thyroid Cartilage (OPEN BOOK)

  1. 2 Lamina fused ANT —>forms ADAM’S APPLE
  2. Each lamina gives SUP and inf. horn POSTERIORLY
    - POST border receives insertions from 3 m.-
  3. Has a SUP thyroid notch
  4. Has an oblique line (3 m. attached=Thyrohyoid, Sternothyroid & [inf. Pharyngeal constrictor part] )
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3
Q

Where does the Stylopharyngeus / Palatopharyngeus / and Salpingopharyngeus muscles insert?

A

ALL insert at the POSTERIOR border of the Thyroid Cartilage Lamina

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4
Q

Cricoid Cartilage (____ _____) [4]

A

Cricoid Cartilage (SIGNET RING)

  1. the ONLY complete ring in the respiratory system
  2. POSTERIORLY= BROAD LAMINA
  3. anteriorly= narrow Arch
  4. Articulates w/thyroid cartilage using [Cricothyroid Ligament] —> [Cricothyroid Joint]
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5
Q

B: What structures form the [Laryngeal inlet]

A

A: Epiglottis is LEAF-LIKE and GUARDS THE INLET.

  1. 2 upper ends are free , Lower end attached to thyroid angle
  2. *ANT surface is related to tongue [Glosso-epiglottic folds & valleculae] & hyoid bone[Hyo-epiglottic ligament]
    * POST surface
  3. ## Has Aryepiglottic fold tht stretches to the ArytenoidsB: Aryepiglottic fold + Epiglottis + Arytenoids = [Laryngeal inlet]
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6
Q

Arytenoid cartilages (____) [3]

A

Arytenoid cartilages (Pyramid)

  1. 2 pyramids sit on top of Cricoid cartilage =[Cricoarytenoid Joint]
  2. Each pyramid has Muscular & Vocal Process
  3. Pyramid Apex articulates with corniculate cartilage
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7
Q

Corniculate & Cuneiform ____ _____ are embedded in the _____ _______

A

Corniculate & Cuneiform CARTILAGE NODULES are embedded in the ARYEPIGLOTTIC FOLD

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8
Q

There are __ Extrinsic and __ Intrinsic Membranes/Ligaments of the LARYNX

LIST ALL OF THEM

A

2 EXtrinsic and 2 inTRINSIC Membranes/Ligaments

  • EXtrinsic:
    1. Thyrohyoid membrane
  1. Crico-tracheal ligament
    - ————————————————————————————-
    * *inTRINSIC: = VOCAL CORDS
  2. Quadrangular membrane
  3. [Conus Elasticus Crico-thryoid ligament]
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9
Q

1) Describe the structure of the Quadrangular membrane of Larynx
2) This membrane is an ____membrane of the Larynx and helps comprises what important structure?
3) The Epiglottis is attached to the ____ ____. What does this mean for the [Vestibular Ligament/FaLse vocaL foLd]

A

1) 4º = membrane stretched between Epiglottis & Arytenoids with its upper & lower ends free =
[Upper end–>Aryepiglottic fold] vs.
[Lower end–>VestibuLar Ligament-FoLd/FaLse vocaL cord]

2) 4º membrane is INTRINSIC Larynx membrane = VOCAL CORDS!
- ————————————————————————————-
3) Epiglottis is attached to THYROID ANGLE. So Vestibular ligament is extended between [thyroid cartilage] & [Arytenoid cartilage]

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10
Q

A: Describe the [Conus Elasticus Crico-thyroid ligament]

B: How is it related to the [Vocal Ligament True Vocal Fold]?

C: What is the [Rima Glottidis]

D: How is Cricothyrotomy related to ALL of this??

A

A: single membrane stretched between thyroid & cricoid cartilage

B: On its UPPER BORDER is the [Vocal Ligament TRUE Vocal Fold] which extends from thyroid angle to arytenoid vocal process

C: Air Space inbetween Vocal Ligament-Folds from opposite sides

D: Cricothyrotomy can be done after failure of Valsalva maneuver during foreign body inhalation

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11
Q

A: List the order of Larynx structures from Above to below [6]

B: What is the [Piriform Fossa] and where is it located? Why is it a vulnerable spot?

A

A:

1st: ON TOP= Laryngeal inlet
2. Vestibule
3. [Vestibular Ligament-FoLd/FaLse vocaL cord]
4. Ventricle

  1. [Vocal Ligament-FoLd/ TRUE Vocal cord]
  2. ## Infraglottic cavityB: [Piriform Fossa] = 1ST MOST COMMON SITE for foreign body lodging - located on both sides of Aryepiglottic folds.

Removing foreign body from area may damage [internal laryngeal n.]–>no sensation to upper 1/2 Larynx

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12
Q
  1. All Laryngeal muscles come from ___ arch except _____, which develops from the ___ arch!
  2. A: ALL Laryngeal muscles are innervated by the ___ n. except ______ which is innervated by the ______ n.
    B: What is the parent n. for both of these nerves?
  3. ______ muscle is the only Vocal Cord ABductor and functions to __________. What happens when this muscle is paralyzed/injured?
A
  1. ALL Laryngeal muscles come from 6TH PHARYNGEAL ARCH except CRICOTHYROID m., which comes from 4TH pharyngeal arch
    - ———————————————————————————-
  2. ALL Laryngeal muscles are innervated by [recurrent laryngeal nerve] EXCEPT CRICOTHYROID m. which is innervated by [EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL n.]

B: Both nerves ULTIMATELY come from VAGUS n.

  1. [POSTERIOR CRICO-ARYTENOID] m. is the ONLY Vocal Cord ABductor & functions to OPEN RIMA GLOTTIS space.
    * **Paraylyzed—–>Fatal because Rima Glottidis is closed
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13
Q

Explain why the Larynx Vocal Cords represent a “watershed”

A

Upper 1/2 Larynx :
ºBlood= [SUP laryngeal a.] from SUP thyroid a.
ºnerve= [internal laryngeal n.] from SUP laryngeal of Vagus

Lower 1/2 Larynx:
ºBlood= [inf. Laryngeal a.] from [inf. Thyroid a.]
ºnerve= [recurrent Laryngeal n.] from SUP laryngeal of Vagus

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14
Q

A: _____ and _____ are the 2 common sites for foreign body lodging but ______ is MOST COMMON

B: Blood supply of the Thyroid gland is closely related to ____ supply of _____ so during ______ procedure, Surgeons have to be careful!

A

A: [Piriform Fossa] and valleculae are common sites for foreign body but [Piriform Fossa] ARE MOST COMMON

B: Blood supply of Thyroid gland is closely related to NERVE SUPPLY OF LARYNX so during [THYROIDECTOMY], surgeon has to be careful!

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15
Q
  • *CRICOTHYROID** m.
    1. Origin
    2. Insertion [2]
    3. Nerve innervation
    4. ACTION
A
  • *CRICOTHYROID**
    1. Anterolateral cricoid cartilage
    2. Thyroid cartilage inf. margin AND inf. Horn
    3. [SUP Laryngeal n.>EXTernal Laryngeal branch] **
  1. Stretches & tenses [Vocal ligament TRUE Vocal Fold]
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16
Q
  • *THYRO-ARYTENOID** m.
    1. Origin [2]
    2. Insertion
    3. Nerve innervation
    4. ACTION
A
  • *THYRO-ARYTENOID**
    1. [angle of thyroid]-lower POST half & Cricothyroid ligament
    2. Anterolateral Arytenoid surface
    3. [recurrent laryngeal n.>inf. end] from Vagus
  1. Relaxes [Vocal ligament TRUE Vocal Fold]
17
Q
  • *POSTERIOR CRICO-ARYTENOID** m.
    1. Origin
    2. Insertion
    3. Nerve innervation
    4. ACTION
A
  • *POSTERIOR CRICO-ARYTENOID** m.
    1. Cricoid cartilage POST lamina
    2. Arytenoid cartilage Vocal Process
    3. [recurrent laryngeal n.>inf. end] from Vagus
  1. ABducts Vocal Folds
18
Q
  • *LATERAL CRICO-ARYTENOID** m.
    1. Origin
    2. Insertion
    3. Nerve innervation
    4. ACTION
A
  • *LATERAL CRICO-ARYTENOID** m.
    1. Cricoid cartilage ARCH
    2. Arytenoid cartilage Vocal Process
    3. [recurrent laryngeal n.>inf. end] from Vagus
  1. ADDucts interligamentous part of Vocal Folds
19
Q
  • *TRANSVERSE and OBLIQUE CRICO-ARYTENOID** m.
    1. Origin
    2. Insertion
    3. Nerve innervation
    4. ACTION [3]
A
  • *TRANSVERSE and OBLIQUE CRICO-ARYTENOID** m.
    1. One Arytenoid cartilage
    2. Contralateral Arytenoid cartilage
    3. [recurrent laryngeal n.>inf. end] from Vagus
  1. ºADDucts arytenoid cartilages
    ºADDucts interligamentous part of Vocal Folds
    ºCloses POST [Rima Glottidis]
20
Q
  • *VOCALIS** m.
    1. Origin
    2. Insertion
    3. Nerve innervation
    4. ACTION
A
  • *VOCALIS** m.
    1. [Arytenoid cartilage>Lateral vocal process]
    2. Ipsilateral vocal ligament
    3. [recurrent laryngeal n.>inf. end] from Vagus
  1. Relaxes POST Vocal ligament while maintaining/INC tension of ANT part
21
Q

1) What is the [Adam’s Apple]? (AKA ___ ____)
2) Why is it Larger in Males?
3) What throat structure is this apart of?

A

1) “Laryngeal prominence” formed by the 2 [Thyroid cartilage] lamina Anteriorly fusing —> hyaline cartilage PEAK
2) Larger/More Prominent in males because [Angle of PEAK] is smaller in Men
3) LARYNX

Anatomy EXAM 2 (16 decks)

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