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Anatomy EXAM 2 > 11-14 ANT LE > Flashcards

11-14 ANT LE Flashcards

1
Q

2A. Where is the Patella located?
2B. What is the Patella PURPOSE? [2]
2C. What does Patella articulate with?
———————————————————————————–
3. Which bone is the main weight bearing for the Leg?
———————————————————————————–
4. Which bone is used primarily for muscle attachments?

A

2A. Patella is Above Quadriceps Tendon and below [patellar ligament ]
2B. Sesamoid bone that INC quadricep leverage and protects [patellofemoral joint]
2C. ARTICULATES WITH FEMUR @ [patellofemoral joint]
———————————————————————————–
3. Tibia = main weight-bearing bone of leg
———————————————————————————–
4. Fibula = primarily for muscle attachments!

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2
Q

The Fibular nerve supplies the ____& ______ part of the Leg. It has 2 daughter branches. What are they and what action does each enable?

A

FIBULAR nerve supplies ANT&LAT Leg.
2 daughter branches =
ºSuperficial fibular—-> everSion of FOOOT
vs.
ºDEEP fibular —–> Dorsiflexion of FOOOOT

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3
Q

A: The Achilles tendon has nerve innervation from which roots?

B: Tibialis ANT TENDON has nerve innervation from which root?

C: Quadricep Tendon has nerve innervation from which roots?

D: For each Describe their role in movement

A

A: Achilles tendon = [S1-2] (plantar flexion)

B: Tibialis ANT TENDON= [L4-5] (Dorsiflexion)

C: Quadricep TENDON= [L3-4] (Leg Extension)

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4
Q

[T or F] Cutaneous nerves contain nerves from several spinal nerves INCLUDING Sympathetic fibers

A

TRUE

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5
Q

A. Describe the Pathway of the Femoral Artery

C? Which daughter artery of Femoral Artery has 4 granddaughter arteries of its own? What are they?

A

**Femoral Artery **
A. Travels thru Thigh before running BEHIND the hiatus of the [Adductor Magnus m.]–>distally pops out as the [Popliteal Artery]

B. 1- [Superficial circumflex iliac a.]
2- EXTernal pudendal a.
3- [Deep Profunda femoral a.] –>4 grndghtr branches
4-[ Descending Genicular a.]
———————————————————————————–
C. [Deep Profunda femoral a.] —>4 grndghter branches
-Lateral femoral circumflex
- medial femoral circumflex
-Perforating arteries
-[Descending branch of Lateral femoral circumflex]

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6
Q

The Popliteal Artery is a continuation of the _____ Artery that divides at distal ____ ____ into the ______ & ______ _____ arteries

B: Name the DIRECT branch daughter arteries of the Popliteal A. [4]

A

Popliteal Artery is a continuation of the Superficial Femoral Artery that will divide @ [distal popliteal fossa] into the ANT & POST TIBIAL Arteries

B. Popliteal DIRECT branch daughter arteries =

  • SUP medial & lateral genicular artery
  • inf medial & lateral genicular artery
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7
Q

The ANTERIOR Tibial Artery stems from the ____ Parent Artery. Describe its Route of passage

B: What are the 3 daughter arteries of the ANTERIOR Tibial Artery?

C: Which daughter artery branches off to give 5 granddaughter arteries and what are they?

A

ANTERIOR Tibial Artery stems from POPLITEAL Parent Artery. (Goes thru interosseous membrane & changes its name at [ankle talus] to [Dorsalis pedis a.]

B. daughter arteries:
1- [ANT tibial recurrent]
2- [Medial & lateral malleolar aa. ]
3- Dorsalis Pedis Artery
———————————————————————————–
C: Dorsalis Pedis Artery daughter has 5 grnddghtr brnchs

a: Medial/lateral tarsal
b: Dorsal superficial arch
c: Deep plantar branch (anastomoses w/[DEEP plantar arch])
d: Perforating branches (anastomoses w/[DEEP plantar arch])
e: Dorsal metatarsal brnchs

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8
Q

The POST Tibial Artery stems from the ____ Parent Artery. Describe its Route of passage

C: Describe the DEEP Plantar Arch

A

POST TIBIAL Artery stems from POPLITEAL Parent Artery.

(Stays in the back & medial.. eventually dividing distal to middle malleolus into medial & lateral plantar aa. )

B: 1) Fibular a.
2) POST tibial a.
3) Medial Plantar a.
4) Lateral Plantar a.—>forms [DEEP Plantar arch]
———————————————————————————–
[DEEP Plantar arch]
1. Comes from Lateral Plantar a.
2. Anastomoses w/ Perforating branches & Deep plantar branch of [Dorsalis Pedis a.]
3. Plantar metatarsal branches
4. Terminal branch anastomoses with superficial arch between 1st & 2nd metatarsals

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9
Q

A: The 2 superficial veins of the LE include the GREAT/lesser ______ vein. Describe the lesser. [2]

B: Give 3 main points for the LE DEEP Vein cohort

A

2 superficial veins of LE include GREAT/lesser SAPHENOUS VEIN.
ºlesser SAPHENOUS vein =
*vein receiving superficial plantar venous network of foot
*ascends posterolaterally in leg & joins DEEP venous network inside popliteal fossa
———————————————————————————–
———————————————————————————–
———————————————————————————–

B: LE DEEP Vein Cohort!
1) Deep plantar arch drains into POST tibial vein

2) POST Tibial vein becomes popliteal vein—->ascends thru adductor hiatus to become [femoral vein]
3) [femoral vein] joins DEEP femoral vein @ femoral triangle + great saphenous vein

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10
Q

A: Lumbar Plexus is made up of _______. Important branches include the ______, ________ and [Cutaneous ______/________branches]
B: Name the 3 daughter nerves of the Cutaneous branches
———————————————vs. ————————————
LumBOsacral Plexus is made up of _________. Its branches are primarily located in the _____ and ________

A

LUMBAR PLEXUS
A: Lumbar Plexus is made up of [L1-L4 ventral rami]. Important branches include OBTURATOR N., FEMORAL N. and [Cutaneous ILIOHYPOGASTRIC/ILIOINGUINAL brnchs]

B:[Cutaneous ILIOHYPOGASTRIC/ILIOINGUINAL brnchs]
1. Genitofemoral Cutaneous = {runs with femoral a.} = innervates skin over femoral triangle

  1. [Lateral femoral cutaneous]= {runs DEEP to inguinal ligament} = innervates skin over lateral thigh
  2. [ANT femoral cutaneous] = innervates skin over ANT and medial thigh
  3. Iliohypogastric cutaneous n.
  4. Ilioinguinal cutaneous n.
    - ———————————————————————————-
    - ———————————————————————————-
    - ———————————————————————————-

LumBOsacral Plexus is made up of [L4-S3 ventral rami] Its branches are primarily located in the POST THIGH and DISTAL LEG&FOOT

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11
Q

1) What is the [Deep Fascia Lata] ?

2) Where is this connective tissue found?

A

1) [DFL] = [STRONG External Thigh Covering] tht interacts with Inguinal Ligament & serves as [Retinaculum Connective tissue Bridge] for structures passing beneath it
2) ANT Thigh

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12
Q

A: Wht are the 5 muscles of the ANTERIOR Thigh?

B: List each of their primary functions

A

ANT Thigh Muscles! = “Vastus LiM&RISA + Pectineus + ILiopsoas>ILiacus]

  1. Sartorius = LONGEST muscle but verrrry weaak lol
  2. {{ [ILiopsoas>Psoas MAJor] & [ILiopsoas>ILiacus] }} = Main Thigh Flexors
  3. Pectineus= Adducts & Flexes thigh
  4. [Quadriceps Femoris]= Extends Leg
  5. Articularis genu - draws [knee synovial membrane] superiorly during leg xtension to prevent compression/entrapment
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13
Q

i. What are the 4 ____ Thigh muscles that make up the [Quadriceps Femoris]?
ii. What nerve are they ALL innervated by?

A

i. [Quadriceps Femoris] = Vas LiM + Rectus Femoris m.
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus intermedius = deepest out of the 4
- Vastus Medialis
- Rectus Femoris= extends AND FLExes thigh

ii. ALL INNERVATED BY FEMORAL N. “ Vastus LiM & RISA”

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14
Q 
A: Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle 
ºRoof
ºMedial
ºFloor [2] 
ºLateral

B: What are the 5 MAIN structures inside the [Femoral Triangle] List them (medial

A 
A: FEMORAL TRIANGLE Boundaries 
ºRoof = Inguinal Ligament 
ºMedial = Adductor Longus m. 
ºFloor = ILiopsoas & Pectineus
ºlateral = Sartorius m.

B: FEMORAL TRIANGLE structures: (medial

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15
Q

A: Wht are the 6 muscles of the MEDIAL Thigh?

B: Describe Each

C: What are all these MEDIAL Thigh m. innervated by?

A

MEDIAL Thigh Muscles! = “Add MLB + G O P”

  1. Adductor MAGNUS =
    ºstrongest & largest & has [adductor hiatus defect] which allows femoral AV to pass
    ºHas 2 parts { adductor vs. hamstring} prt
  2. Adductor Longus
  3. Adductor brevis = [Obturator n. divisions] pass around it
  4. Gracilis = next to Adductor Longus but MOST MEDIAL. Very Weak & part of [pes anserinus]
  5. ## Obturator EXTernus = stabilizes femur head & laterally turns thighC: ALL innervated by [Obturator nerve (L2-4) ]
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16
Q

A: The Obturator nerve arises from ____ Plexus and travels thru the ____ canal b4 entering ____ ____. In the ____ ______ it splits into ANT and POST divisions. Where are the ANT and POST divisions in relation to
[Adductor brevis m.] ?

B: What will this Obturator nerve ultimately innervate? [2]

A

A: Obturator nerve arises from LUMBAR PLEXUS and travels thru the OBTURATOR CANAL before entering MEDIAL THIGH. Inside MEDIAL THIGH it splits into ANT and POST divisions.
ºANT division –>Stays Superficial to [Adductor brevis m.]
ºPOST division—->Runs DEEP to [Adductor brevis m.]

B: [Obturator n. L2-4] innervates 1)medial thigh MUSCLES annd 2) CUTANEOUS SKIN over MEDIAL THIGH

17
Q

The Obturator artery branches off from the ____ _____ Parent artery. What’s Special about the route of passage for the Obturator artery?

A

Obturator artery branches from [INTERNAL Iliac] Parent artery.

It Follows EXACT Route of passage as the
[Obturator n. L2-4]

18
Q

1) The LEG extends from the ____ joint (or ____) to the ______ joint (or ____). It’s divided into __ compartments which all share the same _____.
2) What 2 structures separates these compartments?

3 What is Compartment Syndrome?

A

2)
A: interosseous membrane separates {ANT & POST }
B: [intermuscular septa] separate lateral from {ANT & POST}
———————————————————————————–
3) Compartment Syndrome= when INC tissue pressure compresses capillaries —->loss of blood flow—>necrosis & loss of limb/life

19
Q
  • Tibialis ANT
  • EXT hallucis longus
  • EXT Digitorum longus
  • Fibularis tertius

…are all muscles housed in what part of the body?

2) How are these muscles held in place?
3) What nerve innervates this part of the body?
4) Name the 2 Arteries and describe them

A
  • Tibialis ANT
  • EXT hallucis longus
  • EXT Digitorum longus
  • Fibularis tertius

= ALL in ANTERIOR LEG!

3) n. = Deep Fibular nerve (also gives cutaneous innervation between 1st & 2nd toes)
———————————————————————————–
4)
A: ANT tibial artery= gives off medial/lateral malleolar & pierces interosseous membrane w/ [Deep fibular n.]

B: Dorsalis Pedis artery= [gives off metatarsal branches] & dives deep between 1st & 2nd metatarsals to give off [DEEP Plantar arch]

20
Q

A: Name the 2 Main muscles of the LATERAL LEG & describe them?

B: What nerve innervates these 2 muscles? What PARENT nerve does this come from?
ºHOw does this nerve innervate the Feet?

C: Name the Artery that perfuses these muscles? Where does this artery come from? How does it get there? Which parts of the leg does it perfuse?

A

A: [BOTH weak plantar flexion]
º[Fibularis longus]= inserts onto 1st metatarsal after passing under foot Lateral–>medial = EVERTS FOOT
º[Fibularis brevis] = EVERTS FOOT
———————————————————————————–
B: innervated by Superficial fibular nerve; comes from [COMMON FIBULAR N.]
ºcontinues anteriorly to give cutaneous innervation to dorsal foot other than 1st & 2nd toes
“1st & 2nd toes” = DEEP FIBULAR N.
———————————————————————————–
C: Fibular artery; Comes from [POST tibial a.]; travels down medial fibular within [Flexor hallucis longus m.]
-perfuses POST & lat Leg

Anatomy EXAM 2 (16 decks)

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