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Anatomy EXAM 2 > 10-23 Orbit II > Flashcards

10-23 Orbit II Flashcards

1
Q

A: The eye is an orb measuring about ____ mm in diameter and is protected by _____ ____

B: What are the 3 layers of the eye

A

A: Eye is an orb measuring about 25 mm in diameter and is protected by PERIORBITAL FAT

B: ºSclera[corneo-scleral layer] <— xtraocular muscles attach

º[Choroid uveal layer],
ºRetina

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2
Q
  • Describing the Sclera [corneo-scleral layer]*

A: What is the Outer eye composed of?

B: What is [Tenon’s Capsule] and how is it related to the POST 5/6 of the eye?

C: Describe the Anterior 1/6th of the eye

E: Sclera is composed of __ layers and receives metabolites from ___ ___ and ___ ___. External environment contributes some ___ directly to the Sclera.
——————————————————————————-
F: Describe the Cornea

A

*Sclera [corneo-scleral layer] *
A: outer= dense connective tissue arranged in parallel, concentric bundles

C: ANT 1/6=is TRANSPARENT and AVASCULAR–>FORMS CORNEA
————————————————————————————–
D: Limbus= point where cornea meets sclera
————————————————————————————–
E: Sclera is composed of 5 DISTINCT layers receiving metabolites from AQUEOUS HUMOR & LIMBUS VESSELS.
EXT environment contributes some O2 directly to Sclera.
————————————————————————————–
F: Cornea= ANT 1/6 of eye with smaller radius of curvature, tht serves as MAIN refracting medium for focusing light onto retina

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3
Q

Describe [Choroid uveal layer] of EYE < 4 >

A
  1. Middle vascular layer containing eye ciliary vessels & nerve supply
  2. OCCUPIES POST 5/6 of eye; ending at limbus by forming free-floating iris
  3. Heavily pigmented using melanocytes-> which help absorb stray photons
  4. At limbus, forms Ciliary body
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4
Q

In Ciliary body of the [____ layer] of the Eye you will find Ciliary m. , Ciliary process and [Canal of Schlemm].

Describe the Ciliary muscles [3]

A

Ciliary body of the [Choroid uveal layer] of Eye

  • Ciliary muscles*
    1. At rest (far objects), lens is flattened
  1. Innervated by parasympathetics causing circumferential fiber constriction—>lens thicken (near objects)
  2. connected to lens capsule by [Zonular suspensory fibers]
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5
Q

In Ciliary body of the [____ layer] of the Eye you will find Ciliary m. , Ciliary process and [Canal of Schlemm].

Describe the Ciliary Process [4]

A

Ciliary Body of the [Choroid uveal layer] of Eye

  • Ciliary Process*
    1. Produces clear, watery fluid similar to CSF {AKA Aqueous humor}
    2. Houses metabolites to maintain cornea & lens
  1. Produced by ACTIVE process mediated by double epithelia layer of cells
  2. Houses intraocular pressure ~15 mmHg due to balanced rate of production & reabsorption–>Stabilizes lens & cornea
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6
Q

In Ciliary body of the [____ layer] of the Eye you will find Ciliary m. , Ciliary process and [Canal of Schlemm].

Describe the [Canal of Schlemm] [3]

B: This Canal is also known as the ___ ___ ____

A

Ciliary Body of the [Choroid uveal layer] of Eye

  • [Canal of Schlemm] *
    1. REABSORBS Aqueous Humor
  1. Circumferential canal immediately ANT to iris at corneo-scleral junction lined w/endothelium & continuous w/venous system
  2. Covered with [Trabeculae meshwork]—>pumps aqueous humor from ANT chamber to Schlemm’s Canal

B: AKA: SCLERAL VENOUS SINUS

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7
Q

Aqueous Humor Blockage or defective pumping by the [____ ____] inside the [___ __ _____] can lead to INC _____ and _______

A

Aqueous Humor Blockage or defective pumping by [Trabeculae meshwork] inside Ciliary Body [Canal of Schlemm] —> INC intraocular pressure AND Glaucoma!

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8
Q

A: IRIS arises from ___ ___ and forms a ____ ____. It divides the ____ part of the eye into ANT and POST chambers.

B: Describe the IRIS composition

C: Describe the 2 muscles of the Iris

A

IRIS arises from CILIARY BODY and forms an ADJUSTABLE DIAPHRAGM. It divides the ANTERIOR eye into ANT and POST chambers.

C: 1. [Sphincter pupillae ]: circumferential m. located @ Iris free margin = constricts pupil upon CN3 PARAsympathetic control

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9
Q

Recite the ROUTE OF PASSAGE of AQUEOUS HUMOR [4]

A

MADE in POST chamber by [Ciliary Process]–>
flows around Lens—>
through pupil into ANT chamber—>

Pumped Out ANT chamber into [Canal of Schlemm] by its surrounding [Trabeculae meshwork]

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10
Q

Lens [5]

A
  1. Elastic biconvex body of VERY elongated epithelial cells
  2. Contain crystalline protein & adjacent cells fuse together
  3. Lose elasticity as we age (x>50)–>PRESBYOPIA
  4. Mature lens has fewer nuclei
  5. Lens Clouding = CATARACTS
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11
Q

Postremal chamber

A

Space behind lens [POST 5/6 of eye] thts filled with [gel-like VITREOUS HUMOR]—->cushions retina & maintains round eyeball shape during rapid mvmnt

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12
Q

RETINA
A: Function
B: Location
C: Name the 10 Retina Distinct Layers

A

RETINA
A: photosensitive neural layer tht transduces photon light energy—>CNS action potentials (vision)

C:
1. [iNNer limiting membrane] = ON TOP

  1. Optic nerve layer
  2. Ganglion cell layer
  3. [ Inner plexiform synaptic layer zone ]
  4. Inner NUCLear layer
  5. [Outer plexiform synaptic layer zone]
  6. Outer NUCLear layer
  7. [ Outer limiting membrane ]
  8. [ROdS/CONeS Photoreceptor] layer
  9. PIGMENTED EPITHELIUM
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13
Q

The RETINA is made of 10 DISTINCT Layers

*Describe its [iNNer limiting membrane] layer

A
  1. Most Superficial layer & tight junction found between processes of Muller cells
  2. Forms Blood:retinal barrier that retinal blood vessels sit on top of , next to vitreous body
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14
Q

The RETINA is made of 10 DISTINCT Layers
Describe its ……

A: [Optic nerve] layer
B: [Ganglion Cell Layer]
C: [Inner plexiform synaptic layer zone]
D: [Inner NUCLear layer]

(listed to SUP to Deep)

A

RETINA
A: ON=ganglion cell axons all converging @ optic disc —-> OPTIC NERVE

C: iPSLZ= houses synapses between bipolar interneurons, amacrine cells & ganglion cells
————————————————————————————–
D: [Inner NUCLear layer]= All retinal INTERneuron cell BODIES & Muller cell BODIES

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15
Q

The RETINA is made of 10 DISTINCT Layers
Describe its ……

A: [Outer plexiform synaptic layer zone]
B: [Outer NUCLear layer]
C: [Outer limiting membrane]

(listed to SUP to Deep)

A

RETINA

A: OPSLZ= houses synapses between photoreceptors, bipolar interneurons & horizontal interneurons

B: [Outer NUCLear layer]=Cell bodies of ALL Rods & Cones

C: [Outer limiting membrane] =EXT limit of Muller supporting cells located at junction of rods & cones and their respective cell bodies

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16
Q

The RETINA is made of 10 DISTINCT Layers

A: Describe [rODS/cONES Photoreceptor] layer

B: [PIGMENTED EPITHELIUM:

A

RETINA
A: [RODS & CONES] =photosensitive area of photoreceptors that transduce photon energy–>CNS Action potentials (vision)

B: PE= MOST DEEP Retina layer that absorbs stray photons & provide metabolic support to photoreceptive rod/cone tips

17
Q

1) What change in Retina layers occurs in the Fovea?
2) Photoreceptors found at the fovea?
3) Type of Blood vessels at Fovea?

A
  1. At center of visual axis, retina layers are Displaced Laterally to allow photons to directly reach Cones
  2. Only [CONE-type photoreceptors] at Fovea
    3) NO BLOOD VESSELS at Fovea!–>creates distinct retina area known as MACULA. .
18
Q
  1. What is the Optic Disc
  2. ___ ___ ___ enter/exit eye through the Optic Disc
  3. What is the “Blind Spot”
  4. Explain why this is a convenient spot to observe CSF pressure changes.
A
  1. Optic Disc= area where [ganglion cell Axons] CONVERGE and form an Optic Nerve {AKA Optic Disc}
  2. RETINA BLOOD VESSELS enter/exit Eye through this Optic Disc
  3. There are NO PHOTORECEPTORS AT OPTIC DISC/NERVE converge point —-> “Blind Spot”
  4. CSF flows around Optic Disc/nerve covered by dura mater.
19
Q

A: Papilledema

B: How can CSF result in swelled retinal arteries

C: How are these dysfunctions detected?

A

A: Papilledema= when INC in CSF pressure pushes on back of Optic disc & causes it to bulge!

C: BOTH detected/viewed by Ophthalmoscopic Exam

20
Q

1) Which Orbit Wall is the THICKEST? Which is bone is it primarily?
2) Which Orbit Wall has a center axis angled at 22.5º? What structure does it point to?
3) The SUPERIOR/___ of the Orbit is composed of what 2 bones?

A

1) LATERAL WALL=THICKEST–>Made mostly of Zygomatic Bone
2) Orbit APEX has center axis pointing at SELLA TURCICA at 22.5º
3) SUPERIOR/ROOF of Orbit = FRONTAL + [some sphenoid lesser wing]

Anatomy EXAM 2 (16 decks)

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