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Anatomy EXAM 2 > 10-28 Nasal/Oral Cavities > Flashcards

10-28 Nasal/Oral Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

A: What is the Main Purpose of the Nasal Cavities [2]

B: The Nasal Cavity is divided into __ areas. Name them

A

A: warm / humidify air AND provide sense of smell

B: Nasal Cavitiy 3 areas =
Nasal vestibule / Olfactory region / Respiratory region

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2
Q

Describe the Nasal vestibule [3]

A

ºserves as entrance from Environment into Nasal cavity proper
ºBound externally by nares
ºL and R vestibules are separated by [cartilaginous nasal septum]

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3
Q

Describe the Olfactory region [2]

A
  • MOST SUPERIOR part of nasal cavities (lies above Superior concha)
  • Place where olfactory nerve terminal projects thru ethmoid bone cribriform plate—->allows Olfactory CN1 to sample odor molecules from air
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4
Q

Describe the Respiratory region [4]

A
  • LARGEST area of nasal cavity with 3 nasal concha per side
  • Receives drainage from paranasal sinuses & lacrimal sac
  • L and R cavities are separated by Bony/cartilaginous nasal septum
  • Communicates posteriorly w/nasopharynx via [Choanae]
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5
Q

Name the Nasal Cavity BONEs (Front to Back) for LATERAL WALL

A
  1. Nasal bone [lateral & alar cartilages]
  2. Maxilla
  3. Lacrimal bone
  4. Ethmoid; SUP & middle conchae
  5. inf. nasal concha
  6. Palatine Perpendicular plate
  7. Medial pterygoid plate of Sphenoid
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6
Q

C: Name the 5 parts of the Nasal Cavity ROOF (Front to Back)

A 
A: *Medial Wall ( nasal septum) *
1. Ethmoid bone Perpendicular plate
2. Vomer
3. Septal cartilage 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*FLOOR*
B: 1. Maxilla (ANT 2/3) 
2. Palatine Horizontal plate (POST 1/3) 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*ROOF*
C: 1. Lateral nasal cartilages
2. Nasal bone
3. Small Frontal bone 
4. Ethmoid Cribiform plate
5. Sphenoid bone Body
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7
Q

List the 7 Different openings into/out of the nasal cavity

A
  1. ORBIT via nasolacrimal duct–> empties into inf. meatus which is under [inf nasal concha]
  2. Nasopharynx via choanae
  3. [4 Paranasal sinuses]
  4. ANT cranial fossa
  5. Pterygopalatine fossa via sphenopalatine foramen
  6. Oral Cavity via incisive foramen
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8
Q

Describe the 4 Paranasal sinuses that act as 1 group from the Nasal Cavity openings

A
  1. Frontal sinus=via frontonasal duct empties into [ethmoid infundibulum]
  2. Maxillary sinus= via maxillary ostia empties into middle meatus, inf part of [semilunar hiatus]
  3. Sphenoid sinus= drains into [sphenoethmoidal recess]
    - ->located above POST edge of superior concha
  4. Ethmoid sinus= ANT, middle & POST have separate paths
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9
Q

Describe the 3 [Ethmoid Air Cell SINUSES] of the Nasal Cavity

A
  1. Anterior ethmoid air cells= drain into ANT part of [middle meatus semilunar hiatus]/MMSH—>under middle concha
  2. Middle ethmoid air cells= drain onto the [ethmoid bulla]=swelling above [MMSH]
  3. Posterior ethmoid air cells=drain into SUP meatus
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10
Q
  1. ANT cranial fossa

2A. Pterygopalatine fossa allows passage of what? [2]
2B. –where is this fossa [3] located & what does it house?

  1. The Oral Cavity via the ___ ____ allows the passage of the _______ nerve
  2. Where is the middle meatus located?
A
  1. ## allows passage of Olfactory CN1 terminals via cribriform plate foramina[PFS]
    2A. via sphenopalatine foramen [PFS] allows passage of sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary a.) from infratemporal fossa AND [CN5-B2^maxillary] n. branches

2B. tear-drop space found between [Sphenoid pterygoid plates] & HOUSES [Pterygopalatine ganglion] & communicates with 6 other areas!

  1. Oral Cavity via the INCISIVE FORAMEN allows passage of the [V2 NASOPALATINE NERVE]
  2. MM is located UNDER the middle concha of Ethmoid bone
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11
Q

List the 5 main arteries of the Nasal Cavity LATERAL WALL and their locations

A
  1. Ophthalmic ANT a.= anterior septum
  2. Ophthalmic POST a. = above superior concha
  3. Ophthalmic ethmoidal arteries
  4. [Facial a. Lateral nasal branches]= lateral nares
  5. [Maxillary a. SPHENOPALATINE branch]
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12
Q

A. What are the main arteries of the Medial SEPTAL Wall [4]

B. Which artery accompanies [Nasopalatine n. Lateral branch] through the ____ canal

A

A: ºANT and POST ethmoidal a.
º[Facial a. Superior Labial branch] = nares
º[Maxillary a. Sphenopalatine branch] = (inf. septum)
————————————————————————————–
B: [Sphenopalatine a. branch] accompanies [Nasopalatine n. Lateral branch] through incisive canal

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13
Q

A: What is the Kiesselbach’s area

B: What is its Clinical significance? [4]

A

A: anastomoses between [ANT ethmoidal a.],
[Maxillary a.>Sphenopalatine branch] and [SUP labial branch] ON ANTERIOR SEPTUM

[Facial a.]—>[SUP labial branch]
[Opthalmic a.] ——> [ANT ethmoidal a.]
————————————————————————————–
B: Common site of Nose Bleeds due to trauma, infection, dry air or HTN

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14
Q

Describe the Passage of PARAsympathetic fibers in the Nasal Cavity [3]

A
  1. Preganglionic secretomotor fibers start from [Superior salivatory nucleus of Facial CN7] —>travel in [Grtr petrosal n.] as the [n. of pterygoid canal] to SYNAPSE in pterygopalatine ganglion
  2. POSTganglionic fibers then travel in existing branches of [CN5-B2^Maxillary n. ]
  3. Travels to mucosal & paranasal sinus glands in Nasal Cavity
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15
Q

Describe Passage of Sympathetic fibers in the Nasal Cavity AND Tongue [4]

A
  1. Pregnalionic Sympathetic fibers start @ [thoracic IML lateral horn]—>travels up sympathetic chain & synapse in the [SUP cervical ganglion]
  2. POSTganglionic secretomotor fibers then travel as [deep petrosal n.] inside the [n. of Pterygoid canal ]
  3. Passes pterygopalatine ganglion WITHOUT SYNPASING
  4. Distributes to nasal & mucosal glands via branches of CN5-B2
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16
Q

The [Pterygopalatine Fossa] “___” is found _________ and communicates with 6 other areas of the face!

A: Name the areas and describe WHAT & how it passes through these areas

B: How does the Nasal Cavity specifically utilize what it transmits for itself?

C: what is the general shape for this room?

A

[PFS] “room” is inbetween [Sphenoid pterygoid plates & [Palatine bone]. It communicates with …

  1. {ROOF} Middle cranial fossa = via foramen rotundum transmits [CN5-B2^Maxillary n.]
    - ————————————————————————————-
  2. {LATERAL} Infratemporal fossa = via pterygomaxillary fissure transmits [Maxillary a.>Sphenopalatine branch]
    - ————————————————————————————-
  3. {FRONT} Orbit = via inferior orbital fissure transmits [V2>infraorbital n.] AND [Maxillary a.>infraorbital a.]
    - ————————————————————————————-
  4. {MEDIAL} Nasal Cavity = via sphenopalatine foramen transmits [Maxillary a.>Sphenopalatine branch] AND sensory sympathetic/PARAsympathetic fibers
    - ————————————————————————————-
  5. {FLOOR} [Palate&Oral Cavity] = via palatine canal transmits [Grtr/lesser palatine arteries & nerves] AND pharygneal n. to nasopharynx
    - ————————————————————————————-
  6. {BACK} [Carotid canal/foramen lacerum area] = via pterygoid canal transmits [n. of pterygoid canal]
    - ————————————————————————————-

B: Nasal Cavity transmits sensory sympathetic/PARAsympathetic fibers from ganglion so they can innervate lateral & septal walls

C: [PFS] = “tear-drop” shaped

17
Q

The Palate&Oral Cavity are the “____ “of the [Pterygopalatine Fossa] The Hard Palate serves as the ___ for the nasal cavity but ____ of oral cavity.

B: Describe the ANT 2/3 of Hard Palate [2]

C: Describe the POST 1/3 of Hard Palate [3]

D: Blood supply for Hard Palate

E: Describe Palate / Oral Cavity nerve innervation [2]

A

*Palate&Oral Cavity are the “FLOOR” of the [Pterygopalatine Fossa]. Hard Palate is the floor for nasal cavity but the Roof of oral cavity

B: ANT 2/3 of Hard Palate
1. formed by horizontal Palatine process of MAXILLA
2. has [incisive canal] that transmits incisive N/A (sensory to area behind 4 incisors)
————————————————————————————–
C: POST 1/3 of hard Palate
1. formed by horizontal plate of PALATINE BONE

  1. has Grtr palatine foramen for [Greatr palatine N/A] pass thru (sensory-autonomics to HARD plate mucosa/glands)
  2. ## has lesser palatine foramen for lesser palatine N/A to pass (sensory-autonomics to soffft palate mucosa/glands)D: [Maxillary a.>Greatr palatine dghtr] and incisive a.
    ————————————————————————————–
    E:
    º[CN5-B2>Greatr palatine n.] & incisive n. = hrd palte

ºSympathetic/PARAsympathetic fibers to palatine mucosal glands (via pterygopalatine ganglion)

18
Q

Soffft Palate is made up of ___&_____ that are all innervated by the ______ EXCEPTT the ______ m.

B: Why is the Sofft palate important [2]

C: List the 5 muscles & their functions of the Soffft Palate

D: Perfusion for Soffft Palate ?

E: Innervation for Soffft Palate? [2]

A

B: ºIMP in swallowing to force food into oropharynx & laryngopharynx
ºallows mvmnt to redirect airflow to nasal (breathing) or oral cavities (phonation/articulation)
————————————————————————————–
C: Soffft Palate muscles
1. Tensor veil palatini=innervated by [CN5-B3]=prevents soft palate from flipping up during swallowing by tension

  1. Levator veli palatini= Main Palate Elevator/mover
  2. Musculus uvulae= FORMS and shortens Uvulae
  3. Palatoglossus= Moves tongue and Forms/depresses palatoglossal arch
  4. ## Palatopharyngeus = Raises Pharynx and Forms/depresses palatopharyngeal archD: [Maxillary a. >lesser palatine a.]
    ————————————————————————————–
    E:
    º[CN5-B2^Maxillary]= sensory
    ºSympathetic/PARAsympathetic fibers to palatine mucosal glands (via pterygopalatine ganglion)
19
Q

Oral Cavity spaces are bounded by ___ ____. What are 2 types of Oral Cavity spaces?

A

Oral Cavity spaces are bounded by DENTAL ARCHES.

  1. Vestibule= located between teeth & cheeks
  2. Oral cavity proper= inside dental arches (teeth)
20
Q

A: Tongue is made up of iNtrinsic & Extrinsic muscles, covered by ___ and separated into __ regions (___, ____, ____ & ____)

B: List the 4 iNtrinsic Tongue muscles and their location and function

C: What nerve innervates ALL iNtrinsic Tongue muscles?

A

B:
1. Vertical=flattens tongue

  1. Transverse= THICKENS tongue
  2. SUP longitudinal= shortens & curls tongue upward
  3. ## inf longitudinal= shortens & curls tongue downwardC: Hypoglossal CN12 n.
21
Q

A: EXtrinsic Tongue Muscles are MOSTLY all innervated by the ____ n. EXCEPT the _____ m. This muscle is innervated by the ________.

B: Where do these muscles originate and what is their overall function?

C: Name these 4 EXtrinsic Tongue Muscles

A

A: EXtrinsic Tongue Muscles are MOSTLY all innervated by the [HYPOGLOSSAL CN12 n.] EXCEPT Palatoglossus m. = [Vagus n.>PHARYNGEAL PLEXUS]

B: All EXtrinsic Tongue muscles Originate from OUTSIDE tongue and produce gross Tongue movements

C:

1) Genioglossus
2) Hyoglossus [IMP landmark for blood vessels/nerves]
3) Styloglossus
4) Palatoglossus

22
Q

Name, list attachments and Describe the function of the 4 EXtrinsic Tongue Muscles

A

1) Genioglossus= huge fan muscle attached to genial tubercle that uses ANT fibers to depress tongue and POST fibers to protrude tongue
- ————————————————————————————-
2) Hyoglossus=thin, quadrangular “sheet” from hyoid bone to lateral Tongue ; depresses & retracts Tongue when protruded
- ————————————————————————————-
3) Styloglossus= styloid process to lateral surface; retracts tongue & raises sides to form trough with palatoglossus
- —->for swallowing
- ————————————————————————————-
4) Palatoglossus= elevates back part of tongue

23
Q
  1. Lingual FRENULUM
  2. Fimbriated Folds
  3. Sublingual folds
  4. Sublingual caruncle

B: Where are all these structures found?

A
  1. midline attachment of tongue to [floor & POST gingiva]
  2. serpentine folds overlying lingual veins
  3. covers sublingual gland & SubMandibular duct
  4. elevated opening of SubMandibular duct

B: ALL OF THESE ARE [Inferior Ventral Tongue Surface]

24
Q

There are __ pairs of salivary glands that empty into the ____ ____ & produce saliva.

B: What are the 3 main elements of Saliva and what do they do?

C: Name the 3 GLands that produce Saliva and their location

A

There are 3 pairs of salivary glands that empty into the ORAL CAVITY & produce saliva.

B: Saliva

  1. Alkaline electrolyte = moistens food
  2. mucous = lubricant
  3. A-amylase= enzyme breaks down starches

C:
ºParotid Glands = temporal fossa

ºSubMandibular Glands= = mostly in submandibular triangle ABOVE mylohyoid muscle but small part lies underneath mylohyoid m.

ºSublingual Glands= medial & inf. to canine & bicuspid molars - inside mandible sublingual fossa

25
Q

There are 3 Glands that produce Saliva.
A: Name Them

B: Describe Composition & what they drain into

C: % responsibility for daily secretions

A
  1. A: Parotid Gland
    B: purely SEROUS gland only–>drains by 1 [Stenson parotid duct] which enters adjacent to upper 2nd molar
    C: does 25% of daily secretions
    ————————————————————————————–
  2. A: SubMandibular Gland
    B: mixed gland (Serous > mucous)–>drains by 1 [Wharton SubMandibular duct] tht enters oral cavity under tongue thru sublingual caruncle & then wraps around lingual n.
    C: does 70% of daily secretions
    ————————————————————————————–
  3. A: Sublingual Gland
    B: mixed gland (serous &laquo_space;Mucous) —> drains by Multiple small ducts onto sublingual golds
    C: does 5% of daily secretions
26
Q

Blood supply to the tongue is done by the ____ a., which is a branch of the ____ ____ a. Where does this artery lie in relation to Hyoglossus m. ?

B: What are the 3 parts of this Artery and what specifically do they perfuse?

A

B:
1) Dorsal lingual a.= perfuses POST 1/3 tongue

2) Sublingual a.
3) Deep lingual a. = perfuses ANT 2/3 tongue [pierces genioglossus m.]

27
Q

A: What are the 3 sensory nerves for Tongue & Oral Cavity

B: Describe Route of Passage for each

C: What Tongue part does each innervate?

A

A: Lingual n. from CN5B3= enters oral cavity lateral to hyoglossus m. then goes UNDER SubMandibular duct to enter tongue ANT to hyoglossus m.
C: GENARAL SENSORY ANT 2/3 tongue
————————————————————————————–
A: Glossopharyngeal CN9= enters oral cavity laterally and enters base of tongue
C: Supplies POST 1/3 tongue
————————————————————————————–
A: Vagus = via internal branch of sup LARYNGEAL N.
C: Supplies Base of Tongue

28
Q

A: What nerve is responsible for the Tongue’s MOTOR innervation?
B: Describe it route of passage
C: What muscles specifically does it innervate?

A

A: Hypoglossal CN12
B: Enters oral cavity from subMandibular triangle ANT and superficial to hyoglossus m.

C: supplies motor to ALL intrinsic & EXtrinsic tongue muscles EXCEPT PALATOGLOSSUS m.

29
Q

A: Name the 3 TASTE nerves for the Tongue
B: Describe Route of Passage for each to the Tongue

C: What Tongue part does each innervate?

A

1: [Chorda tympani-Facial CN7] = Enters infratemporal fossa then hitches ride with and follows lingual n. to tongue
C: ANT 2/3 Tongue TASTE
————————————————————————————–
2: Glossopharyngeal CN9 = “same as Chorda tympani path”
C: POST 1/3 Tongue TASTE
————————————————————————————–
3. Vagus = via internal branch of SUP laryngeal n.
C: Base of Tongue & epiglottis TASTE

30
Q

Describe Entire for nerves of the TONGUE to Submandibular / Sublingual glands [4]

A

1st: PREganglionic fibers from [inferior salivatory nucleus] travel in [Facial CN7 Chorda tympani n.] to follow lingual n. into oral cavity
2nd: these fibers leave lingual n. & synapse in submandibular ganglion right above submandibular gland
3rd: some POSTganglionic fibers then course directly from ganglion to submandibular gland while others….

4tH: rejoin lingual n. to alternate follow submandibular branch to sublingual gland

31
Q

How does POSTganglionic Sympathetic TONGUE nerves actually get to the ______ and ______ glands

A

*AFter synapsing in SCG, Tongue POSTganglionic Sympathetic fibers follow carotid plexus to [lingual a. and its branches] ALL the way to the Submandibular & Sublingual Glands!

32
Q

Describe the 4 Parts of the Tongue (FRONT–>back)

A
  • BODY of tongue*
    1st: ANT 2/3 (prt you can see)

2nd: Vallate Papillae
3rd: FORMAN CECUM BORDER
4th: POST 1/3 Tongue tongue (containing lingual nodules)

33
Q

Describe BASE of tongue

  1. nerve innervation
  2. How is it attached to the Epiglottis
  3. ## What does it contain [2]What is the Apex of the Tongue?
A

BASE of tongue

  1. Glossopharyngeal CN9 and Vagus n.
  2. attached to epiglottis by [1 median glossoepiglottic fold] and [2 lateral glossoepiglottic folds] tht have VALLECULA inbetween them
  3. contains:
    º lingual tonsil on tongue base
    º palatine tonsil in lies between palatoglossal & palatopharyngeal arches muscles
    ————————————————————————————–
    Tongue Apex = TIP OF TONGUE
34
Q

RANDOM-TO-KNOW

1) The SUPERIOR and middle concha are both apart of the ____ bone.
- ————————————————————————————-
2) Which Sinus is the largest and what is special about its Duct?
- ————————————————————————————-
3) The Upper Teeth come off of the ____
- ————————————————————————————-
4) What 4 things drain into the Middle Meatus? Where does the Nasolacrimal duct drain?
- ————————————————————————————-
5) What nerve is responsible for innervating sensation for the entire mouth roof?
- ————————————————————————————-
6) How do you determine what side Tongue NERVE dysfunctions are on?
- ————————————————————————————-
7) What is the Origin of the [infraorbital n.] ?

A

2) MAXILLARY SINUS is LARGEST & has duct at the top–> draining into Middle Meatus { inconvenience for us :-( }
————————————————————————————–
3) Upper Teeth come off MAXILLARY BONE
————————————————————————————–
4) MIDDLE MEATUS drainees
ºANT and middle ethmoidal air cell sinuses
ºFrontal Sinus
ºMaxillary sinus (from the Top)

  • *Nasolacrimal duct travels UNDER [inf. Concha Turbinate] and so drains into [inferior meatus] . Lacrimal Bone sits above this.
  • 5) [CN5B2^maxillary n.] Does ENTIRE MOUTH ROOF via Palatine branches (MAJORITY of ROOF) and Nasopalatine n. (skin behind upper 4 teeth)
  • 6) Tongue will POINT to the side there is a NERVE LESION/DAMAGE on.
  • 7) When [CN5B2^maxillary n.] comes thru Foramen Rotundum of [middle cranial fossa Roof ] and then travels anteriorly to exit out [infraorbital fissure] —>becomes [infraorbital n.]
35
Q

B: What is the Sublingual Caruncle?
————————————————————————————–
C: What structure do you find above the [Lingual n. and Hypoglossal n.] ?

A

B: Sublingual Caruncle is opening to the Submandibular Duct which first pierces the Submandibular gland as it ascends
————————————————————————————–
C: Submandibular Duct Sits On Top of [LINGUAL N. AND HYPOGLOSSAL N.]
————————————————————————————–
1st: Submandibular Duct [TOP]
2nd: [LINGUAL N. AND HYPOGLOSSAL N.]
3rd: Hyoglossus Muscle
4th: lingual a. [DEEP]

Anatomy EXAM 2 (16 decks)

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