10-29 Thoracic

Question 1

Describe Location and articulation of these Ribs
A: True Ribs
B: False Ribs
C: “Floating” Ribs

Answer 1

A: True= T1-T7= articulate DIRECTLY with sternum
B: False= T8-T12= DO NOT articulate directly with sternum

C: “Floating” = T11-12

Question 2

A. What are the 3 components of the Sternum

B: List the 3 boundaries of the [Thoracic inlet SUP aperture]

C: List the 3 boundaries of the [Thoracic Outlet inf aperture]. What’s special about this aperture?

Answer 2

1. A. MANUBRIUM= vs.
2. BODY= composed of sternebrae
3. ## Xiphoid process–> Xipersternal joint = T9-T10B: [Thoracic inlet SUP aperture]= bound by manubrium,
   Rib 1 & T1
   —————————————————————————–
   C: [Thoracic Outlet inf aperture] = bound by Xiphoid process, costal arch and Rib 12
   *This aperture is closed off by the diaphragm

Question 3

A: Name the 4 INTERCOSTAL Thorax muscles

Answer 3

1. EXternal intercostal (ANT intercostal membrane)
2. internal intercostal (POST intercostal membrane)
3. [ innermost intercostalis intimus]
4. transversus thoracis

Question 4

A: Blood supply (and Parents) for ANTERIOR Thorax Wall [2] ?

B: Blood supply (and its 2 Parents ) for POSTERIOR Thorax Wall

D: What are intercostal muscles innervated by?

Answer 4

A: ANT=
1. [ANT intercostal a.] (daughter of internal thoracic & muscular phrenic a.)
2. Supreme Thoracic a. (daughter of costocervical trunk)
—————————————————————————–
B: POST = [POST intercostal a.] (daughter of Aorta & costocervical trunk)
—————————————————————————–
C: {Brachiocephalic v.} & {Azygos v. }
—————————————————————————–
D: [Intercostal Thoracic n. ventral rami]

Question 5

ºWhat is the Mediastinum
ºWhat are its Boundaries [SUP vs. inferior vs. (anterolateral) vs. POSTERIOR]

ºName the separate parts [4]

Answer 5

ºArea between R and L pleural cavities

ºBoundaries: 
SUP= thoracic inlet
inferior= thoracic Outlet/DIAPHRAGM
anterolateral: Sternum & Ribs
POSTERIOR: Thoracic Vertebrae 

ºSUP vs. Middle vs. ANT vs. POST ..mediastinum

Question 6

1) Where is the SUPerior mediastinum located?

2) What all does it contain?

Answer 6

1) SUP mediastinum = found between thoracic inlet on top & [sternal angle of louis] at bottom
2) EVERYTHING THORAX NOT FOUND in other mediastinum [including PEVT: phrenic, Esophagus, Vagus(recurrent laryngeal) & Thoracic Duct]

Question 7

1) Where is the Middle mediastinum located?

2) What all does it contain? [4]

Answer 7

1) Area around the heart

2) pericardium / Lung Roots / HEART & Great vessels / Phrenic n.

Question 8

1) Where is the Anterior mediastinum located?

2) What all does it contain? [2]

Answer 8

1) Area IN FRONT OF HEART but Behind Sternum

2) Areolar tissue & Lymph Nodes

Question 9

1) Where is the POSTERIOR mediastinum located?

2) What all does it contain? [6]

Answer 9

1) area BEHIND heart

2) ºdescending aorta
ºvagus
ºthoracic duct
ºesophagus
ºazygos / hemiazygos v. 
ºthoracic splanchinic n.

Question 10

Pleural Cavities are ___ ____ that surround the _____ and contain ____ fluid for _____ during respiration. They have 2 layers.

B: The Outside layer is called ____ ____. What are the 3 types?

C: What is the layer that covers the Lungs called?

Answer 10

Pleural cavities are CLOSED SACS that surround Lungs and contain SEROUS FLUID for LUBRICATION during respiration. 2 Layers:

B: OUTSIDE Layer = PARIETAL PLEURA
costa parietal pleural (line Ribs) /
diaphragmatic parietal pleura(line diaphragm) /
mediastinal parietal pleura (line mediastinum)

C: visceral pleura actually covers the Lungs

Question 11

A: What are Pleural Recess and what’s their function

B: List the 2 types of this Pleural Recess

Answer 11

1) Cavity empty SPACE between Parietal & visceral Pleura —–> allow maximum Lung expansion during FORCED ventilation

B:
1- costodiaphragmatic recess= empty space between lungs & diaphragm
2- costomediastinal recess= smaller empty space between lungs & mediastinal

Question 12

What is the parent of the ANTerior Esophageal nerve?

Answer 12

LEFT VAGUS n.