Zoonotic diseases Flashcards
What kind of disease is rabies?
Viral
Rabies is transmitted by what?
Saliva
Rabies is found where?
World-wide (with exceptions)
1 new human infected with rabies every ___-
10 minutes
Rabies kills more than ____ ppl per year worldwide
55,000
Once symptoms of rabies appear, nearly always ___
fatal
once symptoms show appear, too late
Treat rabies _____-ally, just incase
prophylactically, before onset of symptoms
Rabies most commonly found in WI in which animals?
BATS
skunks, cattle, raccoons
T/F: Rabies can affect all mammals, but some are common than others
T
Different parts of the world/nation, different animals carry different ____ of rabies
strains
Actual mode of rabies infection
- virus enters muscle tissue -> nervous tissue
- replicates and trances to spinal cord and brain -> cause encephalitis
- travels back out nerves
- gets in saliva and more
- bites or saliva in open cuts transmits rabies
What is caused after rabies replicates and travels to spinal cord and brain?
encephalitis
Name the clinical stages of rabies
- Prodromal
- Excitative
- Paralytic
- Prodromal
- incubation stage (2-3 days)
- may see subtle temperature changes
- Excitative (Furious) stage (1-7 days)
- Furious stage (1-7 days)
– animal is vicious
– bites are common
– may chew on things - may drool
- Paralytic
Dumb stage (2-4 days)
- dropped jaw (muscles are paralyzed)
– heavy drooling
– incoordination
– lack of fear of humans
Human symptoms of rabies
- First: itching around bite, flu-like symptoms
- muscle aches, dilated pupils
- hypersensitivity to light, sound, etc.
- spasms, convulsions, inability to swallow
- gradual paralysis until death from respiratory
failure
Rabies usually take about _____ days in humans
30-60
(2 weeks to 5 months)
How long does rabies take in dogs to show symptoms?
rarely more than 2 weeks
What to do when bitten with rabies?
WASH well with soap and hot water (wash for 30-40 sec at least)
Seek medical help
Note what animal looked like, trap it safely if possible
Strength of rabies?
very fragile, can be destroyed fairly with: soap, heat, UV, drying out
Rabbies can be destroyed with what normal things?
soap, heat, UV, drying out
Test rabies by removing ___, and test for ___
remove brain, test for antibodies
For rabies, do not shoot animal in ___
head
Mandatory to vaccinate dogs, cats (ferrets?) for _____
rabies
if bitten by rabies-vaccinated dog, then what?
- quarantine dog for 10 days
- check with vet on dat 1 and day 10
if bitten by unvaccinated-rabies dog,
dog must be quarantined by clinic or destroyed
only vaccination for rabies is accepted when done by ____
vet
___ number of animal cases in WI in 2023 for rabies
36
Common exposure to rabies is from ___
COWS
– cows bellow and appear to be choking
– first response of many farmers, vets is to reach
in and check
– saliva is transferred into cuts, or they may
scratch on teeth
Sci name for Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorgeri
What kind of bacteria is Lyme disease?
spirochete bacteria
Lyme disease vaccines are available for who?
dogs
Use what to treat Lyme disease, and how easy is it?
antibodies, but difficult to do so
Human stages of Lyme disease
Bulls eye shaped lesion (70-80%), flu-like symptoms, headaches, body aches
most common vector of Lyme disease
deer tick
where do ticks get Lyme disease from?
small rodents
Baylisascaris
- roundworm found in raccoons
- aberrant migration in humans
Baylisascaris can travel to ___ and eventually cause ____
Brain, cause death
Baylisascaris: good to avoid ____ and ____
raccoons and droppings
About half of _____ in WI are infected with Baylisascaris
raccoons
Baylisascaris more common in _____ WI than ____
more common in south, less in north
West Nile virus transmitted by ____
mosquitos
less than ___% of people show sever symptoms for West Nile virus
1%
about ___% of people show some symptoms for West Nile virus
20%
Psittacosis
- recognized in 1895
- // of condition in humans to psittacine birds
- antibodies
- occasional deaths
Tuberculosis
- cause by Mycobacterium bacteria genus
- prevalence in both animal and human forms is // with overcrowding
Colibacillosis
- infection with Escherichia coli (E. coli)
(more than 2000 known species)
(only a ew are both pathogenic for animal and humans) - infection in both animal and humans is characterized by profuse, watery diarrhea, dehydration and acidosis.
Brucellosis
(undulant fever)
- cause by Brucella abortus with a reservoir in cattle, sheep, goats, deer, swine and rabbits.
- Usually contracted by consuming
(unpasteurized or raw) products of the above infected animal. - Very high undulating fever, sweating, fatigue and rapid weight loss.
Salmonellosis
- A pathogenic strain of Salmonella. This may not affect the host animal such as a turtle.
- AKA food poisoning
- Acute gastroenteritis, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration
- We can vaccinate for typhoid and
paratyphoid – usually for foreign travel - Eliminate problem by cooking
