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Animal Science > Zoonotic diseases > Flashcards

Zoonotic diseases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What kind of disease is rabies?

A

Viral

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2
Q

Rabies is transmitted by what?

A

Saliva

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3
Q

Rabies is found where?

A

World-wide (with exceptions)

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4
Q

1 new human infected with rabies every ___-

A

10 minutes

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5
Q

Rabies kills more than ____ ppl per year worldwide

A

55,000

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6
Q

Once symptoms of rabies appear, nearly always ___

A

fatal

once symptoms show appear, too late

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7
Q

Treat rabies _____-ally, just incase

A

prophylactically, before onset of symptoms

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8
Q

Rabies most commonly found in WI in which animals?

A

BATS

skunks, cattle, raccoons

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9
Q

T/F: Rabies can affect all mammals, but some are common than others

A

T

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9
Q

Different parts of the world/nation, different animals carry different ____ of rabies

A

strains

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10
Q

Actual mode of rabies infection

A
  • virus enters muscle tissue -> nervous tissue
  • replicates and trances to spinal cord and brain -> cause encephalitis
  • travels back out nerves
  • gets in saliva and more
  • bites or saliva in open cuts transmits rabies
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11
Q

What is caused after rabies replicates and travels to spinal cord and brain?

A

encephalitis

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12
Q

Name the clinical stages of rabies

A
  1. Prodromal
  2. Excitative
  3. Paralytic
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13
Q
  1. Prodromal
A
  • incubation stage (2-3 days)
  • may see subtle temperature changes
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14
Q
  1. Excitative (Furious) stage (1-7 days)
A
  • Furious stage (1-7 days)
    – animal is vicious
    – bites are common
    – may chew on things
  • may drool
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15
Q
  1. Paralytic
A

Dumb stage (2-4 days)

  • dropped jaw (muscles are paralyzed)
    – heavy drooling
    – incoordination
    – lack of fear of humans
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16
Q

Human symptoms of rabies

A
  • First: itching around bite, flu-like symptoms
  • muscle aches, dilated pupils
  • hypersensitivity to light, sound, etc.
  • spasms, convulsions, inability to swallow
  • gradual paralysis until death from respiratory
    failure
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17
Q

Rabies usually take about _____ days in humans

A

30-60

(2 weeks to 5 months)

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18
Q

How long does rabies take in dogs to show symptoms?

A

rarely more than 2 weeks

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19
Q

What to do when bitten with rabies?

A

WASH well with soap and hot water (wash for 30-40 sec at least)

Seek medical help

Note what animal looked like, trap it safely if possible

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20
Q

Strength of rabies?

A

very fragile, can be destroyed fairly with: soap, heat, UV, drying out

21
Q

Rabbies can be destroyed with what normal things?

A

soap, heat, UV, drying out

22
Q

Test rabies by removing ___, and test for ___

A

remove brain, test for antibodies

23
Q

For rabies, do not shoot animal in ___

A

head

24
Q

Mandatory to vaccinate dogs, cats (ferrets?) for _____

A

rabies

25
Q

if bitten by rabies-vaccinated dog, then what?

A
  • quarantine dog for 10 days
  • check with vet on dat 1 and day 10
26
Q

if bitten by unvaccinated-rabies dog,

A

dog must be quarantined by clinic or destroyed

27
Q

only vaccination for rabies is accepted when done by ____

A

vet

28
Q

___ number of animal cases in WI in 2023 for rabies

A

36

29
Q

Common exposure to rabies is from ___

A

COWS

– cows bellow and appear to be choking
– first response of many farmers, vets is to reach
in and check
– saliva is transferred into cuts, or they may
scratch on teeth

30
Q

Sci name for Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorgeri

31
Q

What kind of bacteria is Lyme disease?

A

spirochete bacteria

32
Q

Lyme disease vaccines are available for who?

A

dogs

33
Q

Use what to treat Lyme disease, and how easy is it?

A

antibodies, but difficult to do so

34
Q

Human stages of Lyme disease

A

Bulls eye shaped lesion (70-80%), flu-like symptoms, headaches, body aches

35
Q

most common vector of Lyme disease

A

deer tick

36
Q

where do ticks get Lyme disease from?

A

small rodents

37
Q

Baylisascaris

A
  • roundworm found in raccoons
  • aberrant migration in humans
38
Q

Baylisascaris can travel to ___ and eventually cause ____

A

Brain, cause death

39
Q

Baylisascaris: good to avoid ____ and ____

A

raccoons and droppings

40
Q

About half of _____ in WI are infected with Baylisascaris

A

raccoons

41
Q

Baylisascaris more common in _____ WI than ____

A

more common in south, less in north

42
Q

West Nile virus transmitted by ____

A

mosquitos

43
Q

less than ___% of people show sever symptoms for West Nile virus

A

1%

44
Q

about ___% of people show some symptoms for West Nile virus

A

20%

45
Q

Psittacosis

A
  • recognized in 1895
  • // of condition in humans to psittacine birds
  • antibodies
  • occasional deaths
46
Q

Tuberculosis

A
  • cause by Mycobacterium bacteria genus
  • prevalence in both animal and human forms is // with overcrowding
47
Q

Colibacillosis

A
  • infection with Escherichia coli (E. coli)
    (more than 2000 known species)
    (only a ew are both pathogenic for animal and humans)
  • infection in both animal and humans is characterized by profuse, watery diarrhea, dehydration and acidosis.
48
Q

Brucellosis

A

(undulant fever)

  • cause by Brucella abortus with a reservoir in cattle, sheep, goats, deer, swine and rabbits.
  • Usually contracted by consuming
    (unpasteurized or raw) products of the above infected animal.
  • Very high undulating fever, sweating, fatigue and rapid weight loss.
49
Q

Salmonellosis

A
  • A pathogenic strain of Salmonella. This may not affect the host animal such as a turtle.
  • AKA food poisoning
  • Acute gastroenteritis, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration
  • We can vaccinate for typhoid and
    paratyphoid – usually for foreign travel
  • Eliminate problem by cooking

Animal Science (28 decks)

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