Zoonotic diseases

Question 1

What kind of disease is rabies?

Answer 1

Viral

Question 2

Rabies is transmitted by what?

Answer 2

Saliva

Question 3

Rabies is found where?

Answer 3

World-wide (with exceptions)

Question 4

1 new human infected with rabies every ___-

Answer 4

10 minutes

Question 5

Rabies kills more than ____ ppl per year worldwide

Answer 5

55,000

Question 6

Once symptoms of rabies appear, nearly always ___

Answer 6

fatal

once symptoms show appear, too late

Question 7

Treat rabies _____-ally, just incase

Answer 7

prophylactically, before onset of symptoms

Question 8

Rabies most commonly found in WI in which animals?

Answer 8

BATS

skunks, cattle, raccoons

Question 9

T/F: Rabies can affect all mammals, but some are common than others

Answer 9

T

Question 9

Different parts of the world/nation, different animals carry different ____ of rabies

Answer 9

strains

Question 10

Actual mode of rabies infection

Answer 10

• virus enters muscle tissue -> nervous tissue
• replicates and trances to spinal cord and brain -> cause encephalitis
• travels back out nerves
• gets in saliva and more
• bites or saliva in open cuts transmits rabies

Question 11

What is caused after rabies replicates and travels to spinal cord and brain?

Answer 11

encephalitis

Question 12

Name the clinical stages of rabies

Answer 12

1. Prodromal
2. Excitative
3. Paralytic

Question 13

1. Prodromal

Answer 13

• incubation stage (2-3 days)
• may see subtle temperature changes

Question 14

2. Excitative (Furious) stage (1-7 days)

Answer 14

• Furious stage (1-7 days)
  – animal is vicious
  – bites are common
  – may chew on things
• may drool

Question 15

3. Paralytic

Answer 15

Dumb stage (2-4 days)

• dropped jaw (muscles are paralyzed)
  – heavy drooling
  – incoordination
  – lack of fear of humans

Question 16

Human symptoms of rabies

Answer 16

• First: itching around bite, flu-like symptoms
• muscle aches, dilated pupils
• hypersensitivity to light, sound, etc.
• spasms, convulsions, inability to swallow
• gradual paralysis until death from respiratory
  failure

Question 17

Rabies usually take about _____ days in humans

Answer 17

30-60

(2 weeks to 5 months)

Question 18

How long does rabies take in dogs to show symptoms?

Answer 18

rarely more than 2 weeks

Question 19

What to do when bitten with rabies?

Answer 19

WASH well with soap and hot water (wash for 30-40 sec at least)

Seek medical help

Note what animal looked like, trap it safely if possible

Question 20

Strength of rabies?

Answer 20

very fragile, can be destroyed fairly with: soap, heat, UV, drying out

Question 21

Rabbies can be destroyed with what normal things?

Answer 21

soap, heat, UV, drying out

Question 22

Test rabies by removing ___, and test for ___

Answer 22

remove brain, test for antibodies

Question 23

For rabies, do not shoot animal in ___

Answer 23

head

Question 24

Mandatory to vaccinate dogs, cats (ferrets?) for _____

Answer 24

rabies

Question 25

if bitten by rabies-vaccinated dog, then what?

Answer 25

- quarantine dog for 10 days - check with vet on dat 1 and day 10

Question 26

if bitten by unvaccinated-rabies dog,

Answer 26

dog must be quarantined by clinic or destroyed

Question 27

only vaccination for rabies is accepted when done by ____

Answer 27

vet

Question 28

___ number of animal cases in WI in 2023 for rabies

Answer 28

36

Question 29

Common exposure to rabies is from ___

Answer 29

COWS – cows bellow and appear to be choking – first response of many farmers, vets is to reach in and check – saliva is transferred into cuts, or they may scratch on teeth

Question 30

Sci name for Lyme disease

Answer 30

Borrelia burgdorgeri

Question 31

What kind of bacteria is Lyme disease?

Answer 31

spirochete bacteria

Question 32

Lyme disease vaccines are available for who?

Answer 32

dogs

Question 33

Use what to treat Lyme disease, and how easy is it?

Answer 33

antibodies, but difficult to do so

Question 34

Human stages of Lyme disease

Answer 34

Bulls eye shaped lesion (70-80%), flu-like symptoms, headaches, body aches

Question 35

most common vector of Lyme disease

Answer 35

deer tick

Question 36

where do ticks get Lyme disease from?

Answer 36

small rodents

Question 37

Baylisascaris

Answer 37

- roundworm found in raccoons - aberrant migration in humans

Question 38

Baylisascaris can travel to ___ and eventually cause ____

Answer 38

Brain, cause death

Question 39

Baylisascaris: good to avoid ____ and ____

Answer 39

raccoons and droppings

Question 40

About half of _____ in WI are infected with Baylisascaris

Answer 40

raccoons

Question 41

Baylisascaris more common in _____ WI than ____

Answer 41

more common in south, less in north

Question 42

West Nile virus transmitted by ____

Answer 42

mosquitos

Question 43

less than ___% of people show sever symptoms for West Nile virus

Answer 43

1%

Question 44

about ___% of people show some symptoms for West Nile virus

Answer 44

20%

Question 45

Psittacosis

Answer 45

- recognized in 1895 - // of condition in humans to psittacine birds - antibodies - occasional deaths

Question 46

Tuberculosis

Answer 46

- cause by Mycobacterium bacteria genus - prevalence in both animal and human forms is // with overcrowding

Question 47

Colibacillosis

Answer 47

- infection with Escherichia coli (E. coli) (more than 2000 known species) (only a ew are both pathogenic for animal and humans) - infection in both animal and humans is characterized by profuse, watery diarrhea, dehydration and acidosis.

Question 48

Brucellosis

Answer 48

(undulant fever) - cause by Brucella abortus with a reservoir in cattle, sheep, goats, deer, swine and rabbits. * Usually contracted by consuming (unpasteurized or raw) products of the above infected animal. * Very high undulating fever, sweating, fatigue and rapid weight loss.

Question 49

Salmonellosis

Answer 49

* A pathogenic strain of Salmonella. This may not affect the host animal such as a turtle. * AKA food poisoning * Acute gastroenteritis, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration * We can vaccinate for typhoid and paratyphoid – usually for foreign travel * Eliminate problem by cooking