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Animal Science > Mammal Reproduction > Flashcards

Mammal Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

Define puberty in terms of mammals

A

Period where secondary sex characteristics start o form and capability of sexual reproduction is attained

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2
Q

Puberty stops what

A

long bone growth stops

(epiphyses close under influence of estrogen)

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3
Q

Rats and mice are what type of estrous?

A

poly estrous

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4
Q

Define polyestrous

A
  • cycle rom puberty until old age
  • average length: 4-5 days
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5
Q

What is estrous cycle divided into?

A

Proestrous, estrus, etestrus, diestrus

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6
Q

Proestrus

A

1day

  • FSH level increases
  • some follicles start to grow and mature
  • Estrogen produced from stimulated follicles
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7
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

  • from the anterior pituitary gland
  • acts on ovary to stimulate growth of follicles
  • stimulates testes to produce sperm and is important to start this process during puberty
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8
Q

Estrogen

A
  • produced by cells in follicle
  • produces secondary sexual development in females
  • stimulates estrus (heat)
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9
Q

Estrus

A

12-24 hours “in heat”
Sexual Receptivity

  • At high levels: FSH and Estrogen
  • At low levels: Progesterone
  • The only time female will accept male
  • Surge levels: LH
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10
Q

Progesterone

A
  • produced by corpus luteum
  • maintains pregnancy
  • Prevents ovulation: acting at pituitary to block the LH surge
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11
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing Hormone

  • from anterior pituitary gland
  • causes ovulation
  • acts on cells in testes to stimulate testosterone production
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12
Q

Which hormones are from the anterior pituitary gland?

A

FSH and LH

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13
Q

Metestrus

A

12 hours
Ovulation

  • follicle opens and releases ovum
  • rats and mice are spontaneous ovulators
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14
Q

Which animal(s) is/are spontaneous ovulators

A

Rats and mice

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15
Q

Diestrus

A

2 days
Period before NEXT proestrus

  • Corpus luteum (CL) forms in ruptured follicle
  • Progesterone level is high (secreted by CL)
  • If not pregnant, CL regresses and new cycle begins
  • Prostaglandin causes CL regression
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16
Q

When does corpus luteum form in ruptured follicle?

A

Diestrus during estrous cycle

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17
Q

When is progesterone level high?

A

Diestrus during estrous cycle

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18
Q

What needs to happen in order for CL to regress and a new estrous cycle begins?

A

For there to be no pregnancy

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19
Q

Prostaglandin causes what?

A

CL regression

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20
Q

What causes CL regression?

A

Prostaglandin, when no pregnancy

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21
Q

PGF2a (Prostaglandin)

A
  • destroys the corpus leuteum
  • stimulates production of relaxin
22
Q

Draw FSH, Estrogen, LH, Progesterone graph

A
23
Q

Are rats and mice induced ovulators or spontaneous ovulators?

A

spontaneous ovulators

24
Q

What animals are induced ovulators?

A

rabbit and hares

25
Q

What does it mean to be induced ovulators?

A

don’t ovulate unless “induced”

26
Q

T/H: Are humans spontaneous or induced ovulators?

A

Induced

27
Q

Draw induced ovulation chart

A
28
Q

Define nocturnal

A

generally only mate at night

29
Q

Which animals are nocturnal?

A

rats

30
Q

rats may mate how many times within a 12 hour period?

A

12-20 times per 12 hour period

(often with multiple males)

31
Q

Gestation of mouse?

A

19-21 days

32
Q

gestation of rats?

A

21-23 days

33
Q

An immediate ____ estrus in mice and rats

A

postpartum estrus

34
Q

Rats and mice lactate for how long?

A

3 weeks

35
Q

Average litter size in mice is and rats is what?

A

mice: 4-7
rats: 6-10

36
Q

Puberty age of men

A

12-15 years

37
Q

Puberty age of elephant

A

8-16 years

38
Q

Puberty age of dogs

A

9 months

39
Q

Men: When does it gestation?

A

270 days

40
Q

Elephant: When does it gestation?

A

624 days

41
Q

dog: When does it gestation?

A

63-65 days

42
Q

Most mammals species have menstrual cycle, right?

A

No

43
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • produced by posterior pituitary
  • causes uterine contraction
44
Q

Relaxin

A
  • relaxes the cervix, pelvic bones
  • blood level increase prior to onset of labor
45
Q

Prolactin

A
  • stimulated milk release
  • initiates milk secretion after parturition
  • stimulates maternal behavior
46
Q

Male reproductive system tract

A

Series of times for sperm travel

  • Testes - manufacturing sperms
  • epididymis - storage of sperems
  • Accessory sex glands - final modifications
  • penis - delivery to female tract
47
Q

Dogs make how many sperms per ejaculation?

A

200-2000 million sperms

48
Q

How are sperms produced in the testes?

A

stem cells continually divide and renew themselves

49
Q

Main purpose of accessory sex glands?

A

add fluids to sperm to help them move through female tract

50
Q

Hormones helping with sperm production

A

Testosterone - stimulates testes to produce sperm

LH - acts on cells in testes to stimulate testosterone production

FSH - stimulates testes to produce sperm and is important to start this process during puberty

Animal Science (28 decks)

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