Canine Nutrition Flashcards
At least ___% of at suggested for adult dogs
9-15%
Fat and ___ affects ____-ability (for dogs)
palatability
Deficiency symptoms
- poor hair
- skin issues
- poor immune response
No requirement of this macronutrient, but dogs can eat a lot of it
carbohydrates
T/F: many dogs are lactose intolerant
T
Which macronutrient is inexpensive, available, and a digestible energy source ?
Carbs
___% of protein is recommended for dogs
18-26%
___ should not be used as prime energy source
proteins
Why shouldn’t protein be used as prime energy source?
protein can lead to excess nitrogen: can be a problem in dogs (but other animals struggle with this more)
Protein quality the same or varies?
varies
will younger or older animals need more levels of protein?
younger animals
____ is generally added in many dog foods in case a dog needs it
taurine
_____ interfere with mineral balance
excess meat
Why would excess meat interfere with mineral balance?
- A diet that’s primarily meat
-> high phosphorus levels + low Ca2+ levels = poor bone health
- because Ca2+ is being pulled out of their bones
- Fiber deficiencies
“_____-free” ≠ “meat” diet
Grain free
___%: adult is water
___%: young is water
70%: adult is water
75%: young is water
How common is food allergies?
Not uncommon
How does allergies for dogs start to appear?
- keep feeding he same foods
Impact of food allergies: constant search for what?
for new ingredients as allergies form to commonly used ingredients
Avidin: found in where?
raw egg whites
How common of a problem is avidin?
not common
Avidin: ____ (B-vitamin) deficiency leads to skin rashes/fur loss
Biotin
Non-nutritional factors
❏ Feces vo lu m e
❏ Feces consist e n cy
❏ Fecal odor
❏ Flatulence (Gas)
❏ Appeal o f fe e d to owner (color, order, texture)
❏ Appeal of feed to animal (smell)
By-product meals include what?
- animal by-products that humans don’t eat (skin, organs, chicken heads, …)
Marketing factor of by-product meals: ingredients that sound like what?
sound like what we would like them
Marketing factor of by-product meals: exemplifies what?
Anthropomorphism
Are by-product meals for dogs as nutritious and digestible in comparison?
Yes!
Dry food for dogs
- 10-12% moisture
- good for teeth
- often contains: grains, soybean meal, animal product, milk products, fats/oils, vitamins and minerals
Wet foods for dogs
- 74-78% moisture
- may include more meat products
- specialty diets based on age or condition
What MUST be labeled for dog foods?
- brand name, product name
- ingredients: most to least
- designator (treat, snack, complete diet, …)
- net weight
What is optional when it comes to food labeling regulations?
pictures
What type of food are NOT required to have nutritional adequacy labels?
“Snacks”
if specific ingredient is THE PRODUCT name, it must contain ____
95% of that ingredient
Ex: “Cooked Beef” or “Beef”
If specific ingredient is IN PRODUCT’S NAME, it must contain what?
at least 25% of that ingredient.
Ex: “Chicken Dinner”
If product name says “WITH ____”, it must contain what?
3% of that ingredient
- Ex: “Gravy WITH BEEF”
How much to feed: Most are just suggestions/starting point best to feed based on what?
body condition score
How much to feed: Research shows cutting diet to ___% can lead to longer lifespans (up to 2 years) cuz they’re cutting diet by 25% -> keeping them thinner
75%
What type of dogs may need more feed?
working dogs
What type of dogs may need less feed?
lazy dogs
_____ spend up to 60% of their awake time hunting for feed
Wild canids
Benefits of food toys for dogs
- slow consumption
- prevents boredom
- stimulates interest
- cleans teeth
- may decrease destructive behaviors, obesity, separation anxiety, …
Dominance Hierarchy of dogs
- may exist around the food dish
- give each dog with own dish apart from each other
Feed adult dogs how many times a day?
2 times
Feed puppies how much food and how many times a day?
smaller meals 3 times
Commercial diets are formulated to be fed as the ___
SOLE ration
Is it hard to create a balanced diet with home mixed diets?
yes
Are table scraps/leftovers balanced nutritionally?
No
- if done often -> obesity
how often can treats be given?
Can be given daily, but in moderation
The BARF Diet
Biologically Active Raw Food Diet
- Currently promoted by some with argument: more natural, some enzymes are destroyed in cooking + dogs generally produce their own digestive enzymes
- Care: disease-causing organisms are in raw food
Is raw food commercially available?
- some are
- bacterial contamination is still a concern
Toxic Foods for dogs
CHOCOLATE
- Darker // more toxic
SUGAR FREE GUM
- Xylitol: artificial sweetener (very toxic)
RAISINS/GRAPES
- kidney failure
ONIONS, GARLIC…
- can damage red blood cells, cause anemia
XXX
Research interest in terms of dog’s nutrition and is a HUGE market opportunity?
supplements
Research on what in terms of dogs’ health?
- immune function, trainability, coat quality…
- big emphasis on join health as well
