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Animal Science > Horses > Flashcards

Horses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Eohippus “drawn horse” (prehistoric)

A
  • Earliest known ancestor of modern horse
  • 15’’ tall at withers
  • 4 padded toes in front and 3 behind
  • browser; change in teeth
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2
Q

Domesticated in where, when, type of animal, usage?

A
  • In Near East
  • Between 4500 and 2500 BC
  • Food animal
  • Work
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3
Q

Equus caballus

A

present day horse

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4
Q

World distribution (58 million, 2012)

A
  • Other: 40%
  • S America: 25%
  • US: 15%
  • China, Mexico: 10%
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5
Q

History of horse

A

Early 1500’s
- Brought to US by Spanish conquistadors
- Uses: travel, field work, war mounts, mining, pony express, sport

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6
Q

US Horse Industry: numbers by year, leading states?

A

Current horse numbers are 30% of highest head count 80 years ago
- 1915: 26 million head
- 1959: 3 million
- Today: 6.5 million

Leading States in number of horses
- TX, CA, FL, OK, KY
- WI ~14th

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7
Q

WI Horse Industry: NASS

A

National Statistics Services
- 2017, 2012, 2017, 2022: 120k, 103k, 75k, 65k
Usage: fun, riding , breeding, <10% work
Big Econ impact

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8
Q

-filly

A

Young female horse

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9
Q

Colt

A

Young male horse

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10
Q

Mare

A

Mature female horse

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11
Q

Gelding

A

mature castrated male

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12
Q

Foal

A

young horse of unknown gender

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13
Q

Measured at ___

A

withers

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14
Q

Measured by ____

A

Hands, 4 in/hand

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15
Q

Draft horses

A
  • 1500-2000lbs
  • large, wide, muscular
  • war, hauling, farm
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16
Q

Light horses

A
  • 850-1500lbs
  • smaller, less muscular
  • riding, driving, livestock handling
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17
Q

Ponies

A
  • less than 14.2 hands (58 inches)
18
Q

Miniature forses

A
  • small sized
  • max height: 32 inch
  • smallest is 15 inches tall
19
Q

Donkey

A

“Ass/burro”
- close relative of house
- male = jack
- female = Jenny/Jennet

20
Q

Mule/Hinny

A
  • offspring from donkey and horse
  • reproductive sterile between mules and hinnys
  • visual sexual traits appear normal between mules and hinnys
21
Q

Zebra crosses

A
  • Zorse, zebonk
22
Q

Natural behavior

A
  • flight response (prey)
  • Herd animal
23
Q

Vision field

A
  • monocular vision unto 215 degrees
    each eye index, can see different pics
    panoramic view

XXXXXXOOXOXOXXOOXOOOXOXOOX

24
Q

Hearing ears of horse

A
  • Very keen sense of hearing
  • used to locate activity
  • Indicator of behavior of horse
25
Q

Gastrointestinal tract

A

Hindgut fermenter
- 8-19 qts, small stomach (9%) -> monogastric
- 28-36 qts, large cecum (15%), 4ft -> microbial fermentation

26
Q

Eating/grazing patterns

A
  • continuous grazers and selective grazers (graze up to 80% of the time)
  • Eats ~ 1.5-2.5
    5 of BW every day
27
Q

Reproduction

A
  • seasonally polyestrous
  • Gestation length = 11 months
  • Weaning
28
Q

Care of the horse: Grooming

A
  • hair coat, routine cleaning
  • check for problems

XOXOOXOXOXXOXOO

29
Q

Care of the horse: Foot care

A
  • Hoof can grow 1/4 inch per month
  • Trim feet every 8 weeks
  • Shoes: as needed for protection for show requirement
30
Q

Care of the horse: Vet

A
  • Annual check up
  • Vaccination, parasite and heath care protocols
31
Q

Contagious Viral diseases

A

influenza, EHV, rabies

32
Q

Contagious bacterial disease

A

strangles

33
Q

Contagious Fungal disease

A

ringworm

34
Q

NON-Contagious Viral disease

A

Eastern/Western equine encephalomyelitis, West Nile virus, equine infection anemia

35
Q

NON-Contagious bacterial disease

A
36
Q

Internal parasites

A
  • several worms
  • manure management
  • deworming protocol
37
Q

External parasites

A
38
Q

Breeds for racing

A
  • Quarter horse: run fast
  • Thoroughbreds: run
  • Arabians: long distance, show
  • Standardbred:
  • lippizans (?)
39
Q

Color Breeds

A
  • Appaloosa, pinto, paint, palomino, American Buckskin
40
Q
A

Animal Science (15 decks)

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