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Animal Science > Canine reproduction > Flashcards

Canine reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

How big of a decision is breeding?

A

big

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2
Q

Avoid ____ mating

A

indiscriminate

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3
Q

Raise puppies only if ____

A

if there is a demand

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4
Q

define spay

A

removal of ivories and uterus

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5
Q

define neuter

A

removal of testicles

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6
Q

Benefits of spaying

A
  • No pups
  • No heat cycles
  • No uterine cancer
  • No uterine infections (pyometra)*
  • Reduced risk of mammary tumors
  • Decreased roaming
  • Reduced strays attracted to bitch during estrus
  • Bitch won’t try to escape to be b
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7
Q

Benefits to neutering

A
  • No pups
  • No testicular cancer
  • Decreased urine marking
  • Decreased roaming
  • (Maybe less aggression and dominance behaviors) (?)
  • Debatable
  • Aggression is often not correlated
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8
Q

Negative aspects in spaying/neutering

A
  • Risks of surgery
  • Slight changes in conformation
  • Increase in orthopedic problems
  • Bladder incontinence
  • May be increases in some cancer rates
  • Decreased activity level
  • Obesity (?)
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9
Q

Best age for canine reproduction

A
  • debatable
  • back then: 6 months of age
  • depends on breed/size
  • smaller breeds: 6 months may be okay
  • larger breeds: 1 year or older can be better
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10
Q

Breeding the bitch

A
  • Should wait until at least second cycle
  • Make sure bitch is healthy, dewormed, etc.
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11
Q

Why is it important to make sure both is health, dewormed, etc…

A
  • Successfully carry pregnancy
  • Won’t pass pathogens on to puppies (*maybe?)
  • May be more difficult to treat when pregnant
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12
Q

Selecting a sire

A
  • choose wisely
  • can be a complicated choice
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13
Q

Options for breeding

A
  1. live cover
  2. artificial insemination
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14
Q

define live cover

A

natural breeding

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15
Q

define artificial insemination

A
  • semen: fresh, chilled, frozen
  • insemination: vaginal, transcervical, surgical
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16
Q

how common is it to see dogs mate?

A

not super common unless dogs aren’t spayed or neutered.

17
Q

What is unique about dog penis

A

has bone inside, called “os penis”

18
Q

Live cover breeding

A
  • tend to be cheapest and simplest
  • mate daily over a 4-day period, ideally
19
Q

Artificial semination

A
  • minimized the number of breedings
  • locate an experienced vet or breeding specialist
  • can use fresh, chilled or frozen
20
Q

Benefits of chilled and frozen semen

A
  • No transportation of dogs
  • Shipping semen is cheaper than shipping animals
  • Shipping internationally possible
  • Frozen lasts indefinitely
  • Frozen when dog is young and in prime
  • Minimizes contact between dogs
21
Q

Nays of chilled or frozen semen

A
  • Timing is critical and adds cost
  • Overnight shipping adds cost –
  • Insemination requires trained experts
  • Frozen semen insemination – surgical, adds risk to
    bitch
22
Q

Indications of heat

A

Canine Estrous Cycle (a review)

  • Sexual heat in female (6-12 months of age)
  • Bloody discharge (designates day 1- proestrus) – not
    menstruation
  • Pronounced swelling of vulva
  • Sexual desire intensifies (days 10-14 enter estrus)
  • will receive male
  • very difficult to control dog at this time
  • Cycle time about 21 days (variable)
  • Long anestrous period
23
Q

Canine fertility

A
  • often inappropriate timing

Female
* Testing requires expensive hormone testing
and histology

Male
* Semen Evaluation: count, motility,
morphology
* Considerably easier to test

24
Q

Gestation

A

*63 days from breeding
*Detection
*Mammary glands swell last 3 weeks
*Milk appears during last week
*Body weight may increase 20-55%
* Be careful they don’t put on too much fat

25
Q

Pseudopregnancy

A
  • Not uncommon in canines
    *Every appearance of being
    bred
    *No pups
  • ReproCHEK
26
Q

Metabolizable Energy Requirement of Bitch

A
  • First 30 days of gestation - 100%
    normal for breed and size
  • Day 30 to day 63 - 150%
  • Lactation day 1 to 14 - 200%
  • Lactation day 14 to 35 - 300%
  • By weaning, back to 125%
27
Q

A place to whelp

A
  • Provide location three
    weeks prior to whelping
  • Whelping box
  • warm
  • quiet
  • secluded (from dogs,
    cats and people)
28
Q

Care of Bitch and Puppies at Whelping

A
  • For most bitches, a suitable environment is the only
    requirement
  • if all is going well stay away
  • instinct is adequate for great success
29
Q

What to expect for whelping

A

*Signs of whelping
*temperature drop from 102 to 99 F
*great restlessness
*desire for seclusion
*Active labor (first puppy within 20 min)

30
Q

The newborn pup

A

Enclosed in membrane sac (placenta)

  • bitch will break membrane with teeth
  • release liquid inside
  • Special attention bull dogs and boxers
  • breathing should start
  • keep new puppy warm
  • make sure they nurse
  • handle as little as possible until eyes are open
31
Q

Difficulties that may arise

A
  • No interest in pups
  • must break membrane; tie and cut cord
  • If pup is caught in birth canal may need to grasp
    with dry towel and assist.
  • May retain last pup (should settle down within two
    hours of last pup)
  • call veterinarian
  • Mastitis - breast swelling and fever
  • Systemic treatment with antibiotics
    36
32
Q

Newborn puppy care

A
  • Eyes will open in about 12-15 days
  • Ears open about 14-17 days
  • Start to crawl at about 7-14 days, walk by 16
  • Teeth will come in in about 2-4 weeks
  • Weight should double in 7-10 days
33
Q

Early training

A

Expose them to many things
* Noises
* Handling
* May be able to start housebreaking (litter training)

Don’t let them bite you

34
Q

Early Training

A
  • Expose them to many things
  • Noises
  • Handling
  • May be able to start housebreaking (litter training)
  • Don’t let them bite you
35
Q

Pup Nutrition

A

*Colostrum

*Feeding
- Start eating and drinking around 3 weeks
- Weaning at 6-8 weeks

*8-12 weeks good time to separate from litter

36
Q

optional procedures

A
  • Dock tail
  • Dewclaw removal

Animal Science (28 decks)

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