Intro to Nutrition Flashcards
Digestion gives what?
(Heat), Maintenance, Growth, Reproduction, Lactation
6 Basic Nutrients
Protein, Fats, Carbs, Vitamins, Minerals, Water
how any important amino acids are there?
20-30
How many essential amino acids are there?
10-12
Define essential amino acids
must be supplied in diet
Requirement for protein is listed as what?
”% crude protein”
Which type of nutrient is important in young growing animals?
proteins
Amino acids: nitrogen is present in what group?
in H2N group
Are there such things as essential fats?
Yes, a few are essential dep on species
What is an important delivery vehicle for fat-soluble vitamins?
fats
Which will produce 2.25 times more energy than the other (per unit)? Fats or Carbs?
Fat
Deficiency in fat can lead to what?
poor skin, hair loss, uncontrolled nervous responses, mortality
Are there such things as essential carbs
none
What is a common, cheap source of energy?
carbs
- corn, rice, wheat
What is mostly indigestible?
many plant fibers
Energy can be supplied by what?
fats, carbs, proteins
What happens when protein is used for energy, rather than as protein (building muscle, …)
Some parts are excreted and some are used for energy, other parts are excreted and the rest is stored for later.
If amino acids are not needed at the moment, what happens to them?
broken down further:
1. parts are used for energy (used ASAP/stored as fat).
2. part is excreted in urine (nitrogenous waste)
Is it important to drink lots of water when on a high protein diet?
Yes
Calorie - energy needed to increase the temperature of 1mL of water by ___˚C
1˚C
What is the problem of using protein as an energy source?
- kidneys: increases urea which kidneys would have to rid off of blood
- excess nitrogen (esp bad for dogs)
- cost
“Problem” of use of fat for energy?
can lead to production of ketones (acidic) -> build up in blood
- may not getting enough of other essential nutrients
Fat soluble vitamins
A: epithelial tissue, eye sight
D: bones and teeth
E: antioxidant, normal reproduction
K: Blood clots
Water soluble vitamins
- thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin and Vitamin C
Which vitamin can most animals able to produce>
Vitamin C
Are minerals organic or inorganic?
inorganic
Macro minerals
Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl
Trce minerals
Fe, I, F, Zn, Se, Cu, Mn, Mg, …
How do fish get their minerals?
absorb it from the water
Functions of water
- shape and structure
- transport: nutrients ans wastes
- solvent for chemical reactions
- heat regulation
Deficiency symptoms of water
headaches, lethargy, mood changes, slow responses, dry nasal path, dry cracked lips, tired, confusion, hallucination
Are humans monogastic?
yes
Digestive tract of humans
- Mouth: mastication, saliva
- Esophagus
- Stomach (acid, enzymes, storage, mix)
- Small intestine (absorption)
- Pancrease
- Liver (bile)
- Large intestine (colon) (water resorption, microbial digest, absorb vitamin/salt/fatty acid, storage)
- Rectum: store poop
- Anus: poop
is 40% protein normal?
High protein, lower energy, but not UNusual
Why do marine animals need less energy than land species
- thermal control: don’t need to spend much energy maintaining body temperature
- streamlined movement: streamlined bodies of aquatic animals reduce resistance they encounter when moving through water -> more efficient movements and spend less energy
- resistance of gravity: don’t spend too much energy to support weight thx to bouyancy in water
Adult fish only need what they will eat in about __ minutes, __ time(s) a day
5 minutes, once a day
Juvenile fish one only need what they will eat in about __ minutes, __ time(s) a day
3 minutes, 3 times a day
Live feed is necessary or not?
necessary for some species
Concern sixth live feed?
can transmit diseases
For first few days, fry will survive on nutrients from what?
their egg yolk
After the few days period, fry need ___ as food. The two main sources are what?
microorganisms as food
Main sources: infusoria, green water
Can you make green water and infusoria?
Yes
- use water from established tank
- add a little lettuce, grass, boiled egg maybe, …
- wait a few days
After the infusoria/green water period, fry can eat what?
naupalii (baby brine shrimp)
Can you make naupalii?
- add brine strip eggs
- add salt
- add aeration
- wait a couple days
Besides from daphnia, what can you use?
daphnia
Bes too raise fry in what?
big, established tank
Godo to have some ___ to clean up
snails
Generally, ___ should be removed from fry tank
parents
