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Animal Science > Intro to Nutrition > Flashcards

Intro to Nutrition Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Digestion gives what?

A

(Heat), Maintenance, Growth, Reproduction, Lactation

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2
Q

6 Basic Nutrients

A

Protein, Fats, Carbs, Vitamins, Minerals, Water

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3
Q

how any important amino acids are there?

A

20-30

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4
Q

How many essential amino acids are there?

A

10-12

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5
Q

Define essential amino acids

A

must be supplied in diet

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6
Q

Requirement for protein is listed as what?

A

”% crude protein”

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7
Q

Which type of nutrient is important in young growing animals?

A

proteins

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8
Q

Amino acids: nitrogen is present in what group?

A

in H2N group

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9
Q

Are there such things as essential fats?

A

Yes, a few are essential dep on species

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10
Q

What is an important delivery vehicle for fat-soluble vitamins?

A

fats

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11
Q

Which will produce 2.25 times more energy than the other (per unit)? Fats or Carbs?

A

Fat

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12
Q

Deficiency in fat can lead to what?

A

poor skin, hair loss, uncontrolled nervous responses, mortality

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13
Q

Are there such things as essential carbs

A

none

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14
Q

What is a common, cheap source of energy?

A

carbs

  • corn, rice, wheat
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15
Q

What is mostly indigestible?

A

many plant fibers

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16
Q

Energy can be supplied by what?

A

fats, carbs, proteins

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17
Q

What happens when protein is used for energy, rather than as protein (building muscle, …)

A

Some parts are excreted and some are used for energy, other parts are excreted and the rest is stored for later.

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18
Q

If amino acids are not needed at the moment, what happens to them?

A

broken down further:
1. parts are used for energy (used ASAP/stored as fat).
2. part is excreted in urine (nitrogenous waste)

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19
Q

Is it important to drink lots of water when on a high protein diet?

A

Yes

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20
Q

Calorie - energy needed to increase the temperature of 1mL of water by ___˚C

A

1˚C

21
Q

What is the problem of using protein as an energy source?

A
  • kidneys: increases urea which kidneys would have to rid off of blood
  • excess nitrogen (esp bad for dogs)
  • cost
22
Q

“Problem” of use of fat for energy?

A

can lead to production of ketones (acidic) -> build up in blood

  • may not getting enough of other essential nutrients
23
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A: epithelial tissue, eye sight
D: bones and teeth
E: antioxidant, normal reproduction
K: Blood clots

24
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A
  • thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin and Vitamin C
25
Q

Which vitamin can most animals able to produce>

A

Vitamin C

26
Q

Are minerals organic or inorganic?

A

inorganic

27
Q

Macro minerals

A

Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl

28
Q

Trce minerals

A

Fe, I, F, Zn, Se, Cu, Mn, Mg, …

29
Q

How do fish get their minerals?

A

absorb it from the water

30
Q

Functions of water

A
  • shape and structure
  • transport: nutrients ans wastes
  • solvent for chemical reactions
  • heat regulation
31
Q

Deficiency symptoms of water

A

headaches, lethargy, mood changes, slow responses, dry nasal path, dry cracked lips, tired, confusion, hallucination

32
Q

Are humans monogastic?

A

yes

33
Q

Digestive tract of humans

A
  • Mouth: mastication, saliva
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach (acid, enzymes, storage, mix)
  • Small intestine (absorption)
  • Pancrease
  • Liver (bile)
  • Large intestine (colon) (water resorption, microbial digest, absorb vitamin/salt/fatty acid, storage)
  • Rectum: store poop
  • Anus: poop
34
Q

is 40% protein normal?

A

High protein, lower energy, but not UNusual

35
Q

Why do marine animals need less energy than land species

A
  • thermal control: don’t need to spend much energy maintaining body temperature
  • streamlined movement: streamlined bodies of aquatic animals reduce resistance they encounter when moving through water -> more efficient movements and spend less energy
  • resistance of gravity: don’t spend too much energy to support weight thx to bouyancy in water
36
Q

Adult fish only need what they will eat in about __ minutes, __ time(s) a day

A

5 minutes, once a day

37
Q

Juvenile fish one only need what they will eat in about __ minutes, __ time(s) a day

A

3 minutes, 3 times a day

38
Q

Live feed is necessary or not?

A

necessary for some species

39
Q

Concern sixth live feed?

A

can transmit diseases

40
Q

For first few days, fry will survive on nutrients from what?

A

their egg yolk

41
Q

After the few days period, fry need ___ as food. The two main sources are what?

A

microorganisms as food

Main sources: infusoria, green water

42
Q

Can you make green water and infusoria?

A

Yes

  • use water from established tank
  • add a little lettuce, grass, boiled egg maybe, …
  • wait a few days
43
Q

After the infusoria/green water period, fry can eat what?

A

naupalii (baby brine shrimp)

44
Q

Can you make naupalii?

A
  • add brine strip eggs
  • add salt
  • add aeration
  • wait a couple days
45
Q

Besides from daphnia, what can you use?

A

daphnia

46
Q

Bes too raise fry in what?

A

big, established tank

47
Q

Godo to have some ___ to clean up

A

snails

48
Q

Generally, ___ should be removed from fry tank

A

parents

Animal Science (28 decks)

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