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Animal Science > Canine parasites > Flashcards

Canine parasites Flashcards

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1
Q

Internal parasites

A

roundworms
Hookworms
Whipworms
Tapeworms
Heartworms

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2
Q

External parasites

A
  • Fleas
  • Ticks (Lyme Disease)
  • Ear Mites
  • Mange Mites
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3
Q

Toxocara canis (what is it, where)

A
  • roundworms
  • in intestinal track and feces
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4
Q

Toxocara canis: Stats

A

Estimated: 20% adult dogs, 98% puppies

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5
Q

Adult dogs are often ____ in terms of toxocara Canis

A

asymptomatic

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6
Q

Toxocara canis Potential sources of infection

A
  • Ingestion of contaminated soil or dog feces
  • Eating infected animals
  • Transplacental
  • transmammary
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7
Q

Transplacental

A
  • get the worms from the mother before being born
  • worm larvae can be burrowed into the placental tissues and mammary glands
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8
Q

Transmammary

A
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9
Q

T/F Toxocara canis can be transmitted to humans?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Adult dogs in lumen in intenstine, ——- migrate through ——— through development

A

Juveniles migrate through tissues

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11
Q

Most pups infected with roundworms how?

A

Transplacentally: when encysted
larva in the mother reactivate and
migrate into the fetal pups.

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12
Q

Pups can also be infected with roundworms
transmammary, how?

A

through milk of the mother

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13
Q

start treating pups with roundworm when?

A

2 weeks old

(continue at 4, 5, 8 weeks)

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14
Q

Average dog makes ____ g of feces per day

A

136g

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15
Q

Dog with “light” infection may pass ___ eggs/g of feces

A

10,000

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16
Q

Assume that ____ of dogs have a “light” infection

A

10%

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17
Q

___ metric tons of feces per day

A

1300

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18
Q

___ trillion eggs passed each day

A

13 trillion eggs

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19
Q

Toxocara eggs are resistant to ___ and ___ and can survive ___ years in environmental conditions

A
  • resist environment and chemicals
  • 2-6 years
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20
Q

Soem surveys show that ___% of yards and sandboxes were contaminated with roundworm eggs

A

7-31%

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21
Q

Larva Migrans

(Viscera or Ocular)

A

Worms that travel around body and cause inflammation and damage

in hookworm family

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22
Q

Ocular Larva Migrans

A

eye pain, visual problems
BLINDNESS

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23
Q

Visceral Larva Migrans

A
  • Symptoms: abdominal pain, cough,
    fever, irritability, itchy skin,
    shortness of breath, wheezing,
    possible heart arrhythmias,
    respiratory distress, myocarditis,
    seizures
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24
Q

Toxocara precautions

A

No way of ridding it

Prevention!
- reduce infection rate: treat infected animals
- Dispose of feces properly (either
through burning or garbage)
* Limit defecation in areas where
people (especially children) will be **
* Wash hands after playing outside,
especially before eating
* Don’t let your kids eat dirt!

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25
Q

In Madison, dogs are not allowed
on school grounds, beaches, or
public cemeteries, and only in
specifically labeled parks.

T/F

A

True

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26
Q

Hookworms: how do they work?

A

Attach to the intestine and “suck” blood

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27
Q

Hookworms eggs form and hatch where?

And then what?

A
  • outside the body in warm, wet areas
  • Infective hookworm larva may then be swallowed/penetrate trough skin and migrate to the intestine
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28
Q

Hookworms can cause:

A

anemia, especially in pups (can lead to death)

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29
Q

___ are the incidental “dead-end” host for the most common types of Cutaneous Larva Migrans

A

Humans

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30
Q

Migration of the Cutaneous Larva Migrans parasite in humans causes:

A

red, itchy dermatitis

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31
Q

In the case that Cutaneous Larva Migrans migrated in humans, hookworms do what?

A

they don’t continue to mature and eventually die prolly a month later

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32
Q

Cutaneous Larva Migrans is often treated because

A

itching is severe and there is a risk of secondary bacterial infection with scratching

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33
Q

Whipworms

A
  • AKA Trichuris vulpis
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34
Q

how common is Whipworms

A

Very: 1/7 dogs

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35
Q

Adult whipworms are tiny ___, not usually seen in ____

A

threads, stool

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36
Q

Whipworm eggs are somewhat susceptible to drying, but can remain alive how?

A

by being in moist soil for years, and is resistant to freezing

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37
Q

What are effective methods for killing whipworms in soil?

A

None

38
Q

How to prevent exposure to whipworms?

A

Pick up feces in the yard daily

39
Q

Restrict ____ from areas contaminated with whipworms

A

animals

40
Q

What kind of parasite is tapeworms?

A

intestinal

41
Q

what do tapeworm eggs look like in stool?

A

rice

42
Q

commonly infected with tapeworms by what?

A

ingesting fleas - flea larvae ingested eggs

43
Q

Echinococcus granulosis

A

another dog tapeworm

44
Q

Hydatid cyst

A

larval stage with multiple
infective stages, each capable of
developing into an adult worm

45
Q

Echinococcus granulosis: what is key?

A

prevention

46
Q

Echinococcus granulosis: vaccination is being looked Into for ___ and ___

A

dogs and sheep

47
Q

Echinococcus granulosis: don’t feed dogs what/

A

internal organs of sheep

48
Q

Expect to see symptoms of heart worms when?

What may they look like?

A

don’t see until it’s very bad

fainting spells, heart attacks

49
Q

With heart worms, dogs may ___ much more quickly

A

tire

50
Q

Heartworms are found where, and hosts include what?

A
  • found worldwide
  • hosts: coyotes, foxes, …
51
Q

Heart worm: which is better, treatment or prevention?

A

Prevention&raquo_space;> treatment

52
Q

Heartworm treatments

A
  1. Most common: monthly pills (ivermectin)
  2. Moxidectin: 12-month injection
53
Q

How does preventative medication work for heart worms?

A

by killing larvae in bloodstream

54
Q

Heartworms: limit to ___ as much as possible

A

Mosquitos

55
Q

Why is treatment to kill adult heart worms dangerous and expensive?

A

◦ Treatment uses a form of arsenic to kill worms
◦ Dead worms must be broken down and cleared from the dog’s system
◦ Dead worms can obstruct the arteries
◦ Dead worms can cause shock
◦ Animal must be prevented from exercising following treatment

56
Q

Which of these can we vaccinate against: Toxocara Canis (dog roundworm), Hookworms, heart worm, none of these

A

Heartworm

57
Q

Which type of flea is most common?

A

cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)

58
Q

Sci name for cat flea?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

59
Q

Fleas do what for reproduction?

A

suck blood

60
Q

Only ___ fleas are the only parasitic stage

A

adult

61
Q

fleas lay on animal, but many fall off into ____

A

environment

62
Q

Many flea treatments only kill ___

A

adults

63
Q

What is the big problem with fleas?

A

flea allergy dermatitis that causes many dogs to form allergic reactions to them

64
Q

Fleas don’t use ___ as host but will bite if there are no other hosts available

A

humans

65
Q

Adult fleas cannot survive without ___.

But pupa can do what?

A
  • blood meal
  • pupa can hibernate
66
Q

__ can stimulate maturation for fleas

A

Vibrations/heat

67
Q

Flea larvae do not ____

A

suck blood

68
Q

T/F: flea larval stages can survive winter.

A

T

69
Q

T/F: Insect growth regulators or inhibitors are very helpful

A

T

70
Q

Flea Treatments
1. ____ treatments of all pets, AND ____ (indoor and outdoor if possible)
2.
3. Repeat many times as more ___ cuz treatment may not ____ (esp. older methods)
4.
5. ___ and ___ treatment often even monthly
6. ___ is a new treatment (“beneficial nematodes”)

A
  1. Simultaneous treatments, AND environment
  2. Limit contact with other animals
  3. more hatch, may not kill eggs
  4. Shamppos, dips, sprays
  5. Topical and oral (careful with new breeds, either kill or prevent adult reproducing, some products have heart worm medication as well)
  6. Interupt
71
Q

Ticks: order name

A

Acari

72
Q

All stages of ticks need ___ to develop

A

blood meal

73
Q

Ticks locate meal by ___

A

responding to host CO2 or heat

74
Q

Ticks’ biggest problem

A

they carry other diseases: Lyme, others (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Ehrlichiosis, canine babesiosis, tick paralysis)

75
Q

Sci name for Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorgferi

76
Q

Ticks caused by

A

spirochete bacteria, can infect humans and dogs

77
Q

spirochete bacteria can infect who

A

humans and dogs

78
Q

Lyme can cause

A

arthritis, heart muscle inflammation, fever, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes, shifting-leg lameness

79
Q

Lyme disease vaccines for ___, but currently available for ____

A

dogs, not for humans

80
Q

Lyme treatable with ______, but hard

A

antibiotics

81
Q

Primary stage for Lyme disease

A
  • flu-like symptoms
  • “bulls-eyes” rash about 3 weeks after infection (70-80% of cases)
82
Q

Secondary stage of Lyme disease

A
  • weeks to months after infection
  • 2ndary rashes
  • Numbness/tingling in extremities
  • Abnormal heartbeat
  • Arthritis
83
Q

Tertiary stage of Lyme disease

A

(months to years after
infection)

◦ Neurologic complications
◦ Cognitive issues or affect the senses
◦ Fatigue
◦ Extreme arthritis

84
Q

Ear mites infect ____ dogs and cats and cause _____

A

external ear canal, inflammation

85
Q

Trait of ear mites, see what?

A

scratch ear and head frantically

86
Q

Ear mites life cycle entirely in ___

A

ear

87
Q

T/F: Ear mites are very contagious, if one pet has it, treat all pets in house

A

T

88
Q

Mange mites are cause by the same kind of mites or different?

A

the same mite kinds

89
Q

Some mange mites are transmittable to ___

A

Humans

90
Q

With _____, no disease with mange mites

A

healthy immune system

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