Canine parasites Flashcards
Internal parasites
roundworms
Hookworms
Whipworms
Tapeworms
Heartworms
External parasites
- Fleas
- Ticks (Lyme Disease)
- Ear Mites
- Mange Mites
Toxocara canis (what is it, where)
- roundworms
- in intestinal track and feces
Toxocara canis: Stats
Estimated: 20% adult dogs, 98% puppies
Adult dogs are often ____ in terms of toxocara Canis
asymptomatic
Toxocara canis Potential sources of infection
- Ingestion of contaminated soil or dog feces
- Eating infected animals
- Transplacental
- transmammary
Transplacental
- get the worms from the mother before being born
- worm larvae can be burrowed into the placental tissues and mammary glands
Transmammary
T/F Toxocara canis can be transmitted to humans?
Yes
Adult dogs in lumen in intenstine, ——- migrate through ——— through development
Juveniles migrate through tissues
Most pups infected with roundworms how?
Transplacentally: when encysted
larva in the mother reactivate and
migrate into the fetal pups.
Pups can also be infected with roundworms
transmammary, how?
through milk of the mother
start treating pups with roundworm when?
2 weeks old
(continue at 4, 5, 8 weeks)
Average dog makes ____ g of feces per day
136g
Dog with “light” infection may pass ___ eggs/g of feces
10,000
Assume that ____ of dogs have a “light” infection
10%
___ metric tons of feces per day
1300
___ trillion eggs passed each day
13 trillion eggs
Toxocara eggs are resistant to ___ and ___ and can survive ___ years in environmental conditions
- resist environment and chemicals
- 2-6 years
Soem surveys show that ___% of yards and sandboxes were contaminated with roundworm eggs
7-31%
Larva Migrans
(Viscera or Ocular)
Worms that travel around body and cause inflammation and damage
in hookworm family
Ocular Larva Migrans
eye pain, visual problems
BLINDNESS
Visceral Larva Migrans
- Symptoms: abdominal pain, cough,
fever, irritability, itchy skin,
shortness of breath, wheezing,
possible heart arrhythmias,
respiratory distress, myocarditis,
seizures
Toxocara precautions
No way of ridding it
Prevention!
- reduce infection rate: treat infected animals
- Dispose of feces properly (either
through burning or garbage)
* Limit defecation in areas where
people (especially children) will be **
* Wash hands after playing outside,
especially before eating
* Don’t let your kids eat dirt!
In Madison, dogs are not allowed
on school grounds, beaches, or
public cemeteries, and only in
specifically labeled parks.
T/F
True
Hookworms: how do they work?
Attach to the intestine and “suck” blood
Hookworms eggs form and hatch where?
And then what?
- outside the body in warm, wet areas
- Infective hookworm larva may then be swallowed/penetrate trough skin and migrate to the intestine
Hookworms can cause:
anemia, especially in pups (can lead to death)
___ are the incidental “dead-end” host for the most common types of Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Humans
Migration of the Cutaneous Larva Migrans parasite in humans causes:
red, itchy dermatitis
In the case that Cutaneous Larva Migrans migrated in humans, hookworms do what?
they don’t continue to mature and eventually die prolly a month later
Cutaneous Larva Migrans is often treated because
itching is severe and there is a risk of secondary bacterial infection with scratching
Whipworms
- AKA Trichuris vulpis
how common is Whipworms
Very: 1/7 dogs
Adult whipworms are tiny ___, not usually seen in ____
threads, stool
Whipworm eggs are somewhat susceptible to drying, but can remain alive how?
by being in moist soil for years, and is resistant to freezing
What are effective methods for killing whipworms in soil?
None
How to prevent exposure to whipworms?
Pick up feces in the yard daily
Restrict ____ from areas contaminated with whipworms
animals
What kind of parasite is tapeworms?
intestinal
what do tapeworm eggs look like in stool?
rice
commonly infected with tapeworms by what?
ingesting fleas - flea larvae ingested eggs
Echinococcus granulosis
another dog tapeworm
Hydatid cyst
larval stage with multiple
infective stages, each capable of
developing into an adult worm
Echinococcus granulosis: what is key?
prevention
Echinococcus granulosis: vaccination is being looked Into for ___ and ___
dogs and sheep
Echinococcus granulosis: don’t feed dogs what/
internal organs of sheep
Expect to see symptoms of heart worms when?
What may they look like?
don’t see until it’s very bad
fainting spells, heart attacks
With heart worms, dogs may ___ much more quickly
tire
Heartworms are found where, and hosts include what?
- found worldwide
- hosts: coyotes, foxes, …
Heart worm: which is better, treatment or prevention?
Prevention»_space;> treatment
Heartworm treatments
- Most common: monthly pills (ivermectin)
- Moxidectin: 12-month injection
How does preventative medication work for heart worms?
by killing larvae in bloodstream
Heartworms: limit to ___ as much as possible
Mosquitos
Why is treatment to kill adult heart worms dangerous and expensive?
◦ Treatment uses a form of arsenic to kill worms
◦ Dead worms must be broken down and cleared from the dog’s system
◦ Dead worms can obstruct the arteries
◦ Dead worms can cause shock
◦ Animal must be prevented from exercising following treatment
Which of these can we vaccinate against: Toxocara Canis (dog roundworm), Hookworms, heart worm, none of these
Heartworm
Which type of flea is most common?
cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)
Sci name for cat flea?
Ctenocephalides felis
Fleas do what for reproduction?
suck blood
Only ___ fleas are the only parasitic stage
adult
fleas lay on animal, but many fall off into ____
environment
Many flea treatments only kill ___
adults
What is the big problem with fleas?
flea allergy dermatitis that causes many dogs to form allergic reactions to them
Fleas don’t use ___ as host but will bite if there are no other hosts available
humans
Adult fleas cannot survive without ___.
But pupa can do what?
- blood meal
- pupa can hibernate
__ can stimulate maturation for fleas
Vibrations/heat
Flea larvae do not ____
suck blood
T/F: flea larval stages can survive winter.
T
T/F: Insect growth regulators or inhibitors are very helpful
T
Flea Treatments
1. ____ treatments of all pets, AND ____ (indoor and outdoor if possible)
2.
3. Repeat many times as more ___ cuz treatment may not ____ (esp. older methods)
4.
5. ___ and ___ treatment often even monthly
6. ___ is a new treatment (“beneficial nematodes”)
- Simultaneous treatments, AND environment
- Limit contact with other animals
- more hatch, may not kill eggs
- Shamppos, dips, sprays
- Topical and oral (careful with new breeds, either kill or prevent adult reproducing, some products have heart worm medication as well)
- Interupt
Ticks: order name
Acari
All stages of ticks need ___ to develop
blood meal
Ticks locate meal by ___
responding to host CO2 or heat
Ticks’ biggest problem
they carry other diseases: Lyme, others (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Ehrlichiosis, canine babesiosis, tick paralysis)
Sci name for Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorgferi
Ticks caused by
spirochete bacteria, can infect humans and dogs
spirochete bacteria can infect who
humans and dogs
Lyme can cause
arthritis, heart muscle inflammation, fever, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes, shifting-leg lameness
Lyme disease vaccines for ___, but currently available for ____
dogs, not for humans
Lyme treatable with ______, but hard
antibiotics
Primary stage for Lyme disease
- flu-like symptoms
- “bulls-eyes” rash about 3 weeks after infection (70-80% of cases)
Secondary stage of Lyme disease
- weeks to months after infection
- 2ndary rashes
- Numbness/tingling in extremities
- Abnormal heartbeat
- Arthritis
Tertiary stage of Lyme disease
(months to years after
infection)
◦ Neurologic complications
◦ Cognitive issues or affect the senses
◦ Fatigue
◦ Extreme arthritis
Ear mites infect ____ dogs and cats and cause _____
external ear canal, inflammation
Trait of ear mites, see what?
scratch ear and head frantically
Ear mites life cycle entirely in ___
ear
T/F: Ear mites are very contagious, if one pet has it, treat all pets in house
T
Mange mites are cause by the same kind of mites or different?
the same mite kinds
Some mange mites are transmittable to ___
Humans
With _____, no disease with mange mites
healthy immune system
