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Nutrition 4020 > Zinc > Flashcards

Zinc Flashcards

1
Q

major minerals are required in amounts greater than ____ mg/ d

A

100 mg

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2
Q

The RDA for zinc for men and women older than 19 is what? What is the UL?

A

Women= 8mg/d
Men= 11 mg/d
UL= 40

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3
Q

What is the RDA for pregnant women who are 19-50? What about lactating women?

A

Pregnant= 11
Lactating= 12

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4
Q

What are food sources of zinc?

A

Shellfish
Meat (darker=more)
Dairy
Legumes
Fortified cereal
Nuts
Green leafy vegetables

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5
Q

What are the intestinal abortive cells that line the inner surface of the small intestine called?

A

Enterocyte

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6
Q

T or F
Little zinc is found free within the body

A

True, free zinc can cause free radicals

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7
Q

What allows zinc into cells?

A

ZIP’s

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8
Q

What allows zinc to get out of the cytoplasm or into organelles?

A

ZnT’s

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9
Q

How many ZIPs are there?

A

14

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10
Q

How many ZnT’s are there?

A

10

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11
Q

Where must zinc enter to be transported throughout the body or stored in ___ or other cells?

A

Enterocyte in small intestine

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12
Q

MT’s stand for? And what do they do?

A

Metallothioneins and storage form for zinc (short term)

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13
Q

Where are MTs mainly synthesized?

A

Liver
Kidney
Intestine
Pancreas

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14
Q

A ____ is a foreign chemical substance found within an organism that is not normally naturally produced by or expected to be present within

A

Xenobiotic
(Ex. Medications, alcohol)

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15
Q

What can inhibit zinc from getting into enterocytes?

A

Oxalate
Phylate
Polyphenols
Others

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16
Q

Cysteine, _____, _____, casein, and _____ can increase zinc absorption

A

Methionine
Histidine
Picolinic acid

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17
Q

Phylate, ____, food processing,_____, ______, and _____ can decrease zinc absorption. An iron to zinc ratio of ___ can also decrease it

A

Oxalate (like spinach)
Antacids
Polyphenols (tea/coffee)
Protein pump inhibitor (PPI)
Calcium
>2:1

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18
Q

T or F
Zinc is only present in certain cells throughout the body such as organs and tissues

A

False, present in all cells

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19
Q

95% of totally body cells have zinc in them
How many in skeletal muscles, bone cells, and other such as tissues and blood?

A

Skeletal= 57%
Bone= 29%
Other= 14%

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20
Q

Zinc is transported by binding to what?

A

Albumin
Transferrin
IgG
Others

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21
Q

How is zinc excreted?

A

Mostly from feces
Exfoliation if skin and sweat (1 mg/d)
Urine (600 mcg/d)
Hair (0.1-0.2 mg/d)

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22
Q

What are the functions of zinc?

A

Antioxidant
Wound healing
Sexual maturation
Immune system
Growth
Heme synthesis
Taste perception

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23
Q

T or F
The categories of zinc function is catalytic, structural, and regulatory

A

True

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24
Q

Zinc is a cofactors for how many enzymes?

A

Above 300 enzymes

25
Q

What is zincs structural function?

A

Helps stabilize proteins and cell membranes by quenching free radicals

26
Q

____ protects the cell membrane from free radicals attacking it

A

Superoxide dismutase

27
Q

What are the regulatory functions of zinc?

A

Transcription factor/ zinc fingers
Cell signaling
Hormone release
Nerve impulse transmission
Promote apoptosis

28
Q

Zinc helps increase the bioavailability of ____

A

Folate

29
Q

Zinc is a component of _____ binding protein which helps transport _____ in the blood

A

Retinol
Vitamin A

30
Q

Retinol can be converted into retinal how?

A

Enzyme that involves zinc

31
Q

Stunted growth, ______, ______, poor wound healing, _____, behavioral distrunances, _____, loss of taste, GI disturbances, _______, _____, pregnancy complications, and ____ are all symptoms of a zinc deficiency

A

Poor sexual maturation
Deformed bones
Abnormal hair and nails
Impaired immune system
Impaired Vit A transport/ folate absorption
Skin rashes
Infertility

32
Q

How can low zinc status during pregnancy affect the baby?

A

Overall growth/ development of central nervous system

33
Q

Who are at risk for a zinc deficiency?

A

Children
Pregnant/ lactating
Malnourished
Alcoholics
Adults older than 65
Weight loss surgery
Strict vegetarians
Certain medications
IBD/IBS/malabsorption diseases

34
Q

T or F
Zinc toxicity is common

A

False

35
Q

Exposure to zinc occurs through which three routes? (Toxicity)

A

Skin
Inhalation
Ingestion

36
Q

Toxicity wise, more zinc= more ____= ___gets stuck over time
(come back to pg 43)

A

MTs
copper

37
Q

Zinc toxicity symptoms can also mimic which mineral deficiency symptoms?

A

Copper
Iron
Manganese (Mn)
Calcium

38
Q

The toxicity symptoms of zinc is REAL MAD, what does it stand for?

A

Rough hair
Emphysema
Achromotrichia
Lower HDL levels
Miscarriage and stillbirths
Arthritis like symptoms
Diarrhea

39
Q

T or F
Zinc does not participate in innate immune responses but does for adaptive immune responses

A

False, participates in both

40
Q

Zinc is a ____ enzyme

A

Antioxidant

41
Q

Zinc helps with the increased activity of ____, which is a zinc dependent thymus hormone important for ___ function

A

Thymulin
T-cell

42
Q

Zinc deficiency stimulated the production of ____, such as _____ and tumor necrosis factor

A

Cytokines
Interleukin

43
Q

Multivitamin supplements usually have ___ mg of zinc while single supplements usually have __-__ mg

A

15 mg
10-100 mg

44
Q

T or F
MTs exhibit antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties

A

False

45
Q

Low levels of Zn within the body can increase
A. MT levels
B. Retinal levels
C. Spina bifida
D. None

A

C

46
Q

T or F
Adiponetcin and insulin are both hormones

A

True

47
Q

What enzyme relays on zinc as a cofactor?

A

Superoxide dismutase

48
Q

Which of the following are correct about MT’s?
A can be toxic in large amounts
B. Localized in the nucleus
C. Only located in liver and intestinal cells
D. None are correct

A

D

49
Q

In plants, zinc is important for what?
A. Chloroplast development
B. Phloem development
C. Linear growth
D. Two or more are correct
E. All are correct

A

D. Cholorplast and linear growth correc

50
Q

T or F
Phylate and Oxalate are found in plants and are antioxidants

A

False

51
Q

T or F
Free zinc in the body acts like an antioxidant

A

False, acts like a poroxidant

52
Q

Zinc is used as a cofactors in over 300 enzymes, which ones are zinc dependent?
A. Pyruvate and dehydrogenase
B. DNA and RNA polymerase
C. Superoxide dismustase
D. None are correct
E. All are correct

A

E

53
Q

Why may a vegan have inadequate serum zinc levels?

A

No meat consumption
High consumption of foods with Oxalate and Phylate
No dairy consumption

54
Q

What is the function of gustin?

A

Taste acuity

55
Q

T or F
Pyruvate is the last step of glycolysis

A

True

56
Q

T or F
Zinc is never found free in the body because of the harm that it can cause

A

False

57
Q

T or F
Zinc is a common deficiency throughout the world

A

True

58
Q

T or F
More para cellular diffusion occurs when excess amounts of zinc is consumed

A

True

Nutrition 4020 (4 decks)

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