Vitamin C Flashcards
What is the reduced and oxidized form of vitamin C?
Reduced= ascorbic acid (AA)
Oxidized= Dehydroascrobic acid (DA)
T or F
Vitamin C deficiency has no effect on fertility
False, deficiency can increase risk of infertility
Can vitamin C be easily destroyed?
Yes by oxygen and high temperature
Most plant and animal species are able to synthesis vitamin C from glucose and galactose because they have what type of pathway?
Uronic acid pathway
(Primates don’t have enzyme gulonlactone oxidase to do it)
What is the RDA for men and women ages 19-70?
Women= 75 mg/d
Men=90 mg/d
What is the RDA for men and women 19+ who are smokers? Why is that important?
Women= 110 mg/d
Men=125 mg/d
Smoking is biggest producer of free radicals
What is the RDA for pregnant women 18 or younger? How about 19 or older?
80 mg/ d
85 mg/d
What is the RDA for women lactating 18 or younger? What about 19 or older?
115 mg/d
120 mg/d
T or F
The UL for adults 19 or older is 3000 mg/ d
False, it’s 2000 mg/d
What are sources of vitamin C?
Asparagus
Papaya
Citrus fruit
Tomatoes
Cantaloupe
Cauliflower
Broccoli
Green/ red bell peppers
Kiwi
Kale/ spinach
Strawberries
The food that gives 341 mg of vitamin C per serving is _____
Sweet red pepper
What is the highest source of vitamin C? How many mg does it have?
Acerola cherry has 1700 mg vitamin C per 100 g of fruit
What pathway can reduced vitamin C pass through?
SVCT 1 or SVCT 2
What pathway can oxidized vitamin C pass through?
GLUT 1 or GLUT 3
Does the reduced or oxidized form of vitamin C get reabsorbed through the kidneys? Through which transporter?
Reduced AA
through SVCT 1
T or F
The less vitamin C you have, the more it gets absorbed
True
How bioavaible is vitamin C?
80-90% absorbed when less than 100 mg
Decreased 50% when more than 1000 mg
Where is most extra vitamin C excreted?
In urine
Pain killers, _____, fever,____,stress,____,____, and ____ all reduce the vitamin C’s bioavailability
Usage of antibiotics
Alcohol intake
Aspirin
Viral illnesses
Estrogen containing contraceptives
T or F
Taking one baby aspirin a day would decrease vitamin C’s bioavailability
False, taking normal aspirin multiple times a day would
T or F
Ascorbic acid can lose and gain electrons easily
True
Fe2+ is also known as? Is it heme or non heme?
Ferrous form
Heme
Fe3+ is also known as? Is it heme or non heme?
Ferric
Non heme
What are the functions of vitamin C?
Antioxidant
Regenerates vitamin E
Increases absorption of non heme iron
Sysnthesis and metabolism of B9
Conversion of cholesterol to bile
Other than vitamin C what mineral is important for folate metabolism?
Zinc
Vitamin C helps with the synthesis of ___ and ___, and also reduces the severity of a ____ reaction
Carnitine
Collagen
Allergic
What transports fatty acids into the mitochondria to be broken down?
Carnitine
____ is important for the metabolism of certain neurotransmitters
Tyrosine
____ constitutes the principal protein of skin, bones, teeth, cartilage, tendons, blood vessels, heart valves, inter vertebral discs, cornea, and eye lens
Collagen
Vitamin C stimulates the production and function of certain ____
Leukocytes
T or F
Vitamin C stimulates chemotaxis and phagocytosis, as well as enhancing B-cell proliferation
False, T cell proliferation
T or F
Vitamin C helps block pathways that lead to apoptosis of T cells
True
What diseases has vitamin C been used for for prevention and treatment?
CVD
Diabetes
Common cold
Cataracts and ARMD
CANCER
What are 5 symptoms of a vitamin C deficiency resulting in scurvy that deal with collagen?
- Spontaneous rupture and hermitage of cappliaries around hair follicles
- Bleeding gums
- Impaired wound healing
- Muscle weakness/ degeneration
- Weakening of blood vessels
What is the spontaneous rupture and hermitage of caplilsries around hair follicles called?
Petechiae
Abdominal pain and _____ are signs of a vitamin C toxicity because bacteria metabolize extra vitamin C
Osmotic diarrhea
Oxalate and Uric acid based ____, impaired ____ activity, and hemochromatosis are more signs of a vitamin C toxicity
Kidney stones
Leukocyte
Hemochromatosis=iron toxicity
T or F
Vitamin C increases ability of bacteria to perform phagocytosis on white blood cells
False
Fat soluble vitamins include
A. Vitamin D
B. Retinoids
C. Vitamin C
D. Two are correct
E. All are correct
D
What is the UL for vitamin C for someone who is 27 years old?
2000 mg/d
T or F
GLUT transports can transport both vitamin C and glucose
True
T or F
Vitamin C is transported in lymphatic system after digestion
False
T or F
The risk of hemochromatosis is increased by vitamin C due to the fact that vitamin C increases age synthesis in the body
False
T or F
Carnitine is a transporter of amino acids into mitochondria of the cell
False, transports fatty acids
